This document discusses different types of traumatic dental injuries including concussions, luxations, fractures, and root fractures. It provides details on clinical signs, radiographic findings, treatment objectives, and treatment plans for each type of injury. Concussions involve inflammation of the periodontal ligament without tooth displacement. Luxations occur when a tooth is displaced from its socket, often tearing the periodontal ligament. Fractures can be confined to enamel, extend into dentin, or expose the dental pulp. Root fractures occur below the gumline. Treatment aims to relieve pain, reposition displaced teeth, and restore tooth structure depending on the specific injury.
The document discusses 4 main causes of hard tooth tissue reduction: attrition from tooth contact during chewing, abrasion from external agents like toothbrushing, erosion from acidic foods/drinks, and abfraction from occlusal stresses that cause flexing and cracks in tooth structure away from the contact point. Each cause is defined and the clinical presentations are described, including locations commonly affected and distinguishing features like sharp edges for abrasions or wedge-shaped defects for abfraction. References are provided.
This document discusses the treatment of dental injuries, including fractured enamel, uncomplicated crown fractures, and complicated crown fractures with minimal pulp exposure. It describes options for treating the fractures such as leaving them, rounding sharp edges, reattaching fragments, or restoring with a crown. For complicated fractures, it outlines diagnostic signs and radiographic appearances. Treatment may include direct pulp capping, partial pulpotomy, apexification, root canal treatment, or extraction. Reattachment of fragments is described as providing good esthetics, function, and psychology benefits when possible.
This document provides an overview of periradicular diseases, including the normal periradicular tissues of cementum, periodontal ligament, and alveolar process. It describes various periradicular pathologies such as acute apical periodontitis, periapical abscess, chronic apical periodontitis, and periapical cyst. Acute apical periodontitis presents as pain and swelling, while chronic apical periodontitis often causes no symptoms. A periapical abscess forms when an acute infection leads to suppuration, and a periapical cyst is a localized pathological sac formation in the periapical region. The document discusses the histopathology, clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment of these
1) The periradicular tissue contains apical root cementum, periodontal ligaments, and alveolar bone. Untreated pulpal infection can lead to total pulp necrosis and periapical pathologies as irritants leak into the periradicular region.
2) Periradicular pathologies include acute and chronic apical periodontitis, acute and chronic apical abscesses, granulomas, cysts, and condensing ostitis. Signs and symptoms vary but generally include pain, swelling, and radiographic evidence of bone loss.
3) Treatment involves removing the source of irritation through root canal treatment or extraction and surgically addressing any associated periradicular lesion if present.
Diagnosis in endodontics /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dent...Indian dental academy
Welcome to Indian Dental Academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy has a unique training program & curriculum that provides students with exceptional clinical skills and enabling them to return to their office with high level confidence and start treating patients
State of the art comprehensive training-Faculty of world wide repute &Very affordable.
This document provides an overview of the gingiva, including its macroscopic and microscopic features. It discusses the different types of gingival epithelium (oral, sulcular, junctional), their histological characteristics. It also describes the renewal process of gingival epithelium and cuticular structures. Additionally, it covers the microscopic features of gingival connective tissue and blood supply. Key points include the layers and keratinization process of gingival epithelium, the non-keratinized nature of sulcular and junctional epithelium, and the formation and structure of the dentogingival junction.
Papillon-Lèfevre Syndrome (PLS) is a rare genetic disorder that causes severe gum disease and early loss of both baby and adult teeth. It is caused by mutations in the CTSC gene which encodes an enzyme important for immune function. Patients with PLS experience rapid gum inflammation and bone loss around teeth from a young age, resulting in pain, infection, and premature tooth loss. Skin lesions also develop on the hands and feet. Treatment focuses on antibiotics, oral hygiene, gum treatment, and early tooth extraction to prevent further infection and bone loss, with the goal of restoring chewing function through prosthetics or implants.
This document provides an overview of dental caries including its history, epidemiology, definitions, classifications, etiology, pathophysiology, clinical characteristics, diagnosis, prevention and treatment. It discusses early concepts of the cause of caries including the worm theory and more recent understanding involving the interplay between oral bacteria, carbohydrates and the tooth surface leading to organic acid production and demineralization. Factors influencing caries development include the host, microflora, substrate and time of exposure.
The document discusses 4 main causes of hard tooth tissue reduction: attrition from tooth contact during chewing, abrasion from external agents like toothbrushing, erosion from acidic foods/drinks, and abfraction from occlusal stresses that cause flexing and cracks in tooth structure away from the contact point. Each cause is defined and the clinical presentations are described, including locations commonly affected and distinguishing features like sharp edges for abrasions or wedge-shaped defects for abfraction. References are provided.
This document discusses the treatment of dental injuries, including fractured enamel, uncomplicated crown fractures, and complicated crown fractures with minimal pulp exposure. It describes options for treating the fractures such as leaving them, rounding sharp edges, reattaching fragments, or restoring with a crown. For complicated fractures, it outlines diagnostic signs and radiographic appearances. Treatment may include direct pulp capping, partial pulpotomy, apexification, root canal treatment, or extraction. Reattachment of fragments is described as providing good esthetics, function, and psychology benefits when possible.
This document provides an overview of periradicular diseases, including the normal periradicular tissues of cementum, periodontal ligament, and alveolar process. It describes various periradicular pathologies such as acute apical periodontitis, periapical abscess, chronic apical periodontitis, and periapical cyst. Acute apical periodontitis presents as pain and swelling, while chronic apical periodontitis often causes no symptoms. A periapical abscess forms when an acute infection leads to suppuration, and a periapical cyst is a localized pathological sac formation in the periapical region. The document discusses the histopathology, clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment of these
1) The periradicular tissue contains apical root cementum, periodontal ligaments, and alveolar bone. Untreated pulpal infection can lead to total pulp necrosis and periapical pathologies as irritants leak into the periradicular region.
2) Periradicular pathologies include acute and chronic apical periodontitis, acute and chronic apical abscesses, granulomas, cysts, and condensing ostitis. Signs and symptoms vary but generally include pain, swelling, and radiographic evidence of bone loss.
3) Treatment involves removing the source of irritation through root canal treatment or extraction and surgically addressing any associated periradicular lesion if present.
Diagnosis in endodontics /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dent...Indian dental academy
Welcome to Indian Dental Academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy has a unique training program & curriculum that provides students with exceptional clinical skills and enabling them to return to their office with high level confidence and start treating patients
State of the art comprehensive training-Faculty of world wide repute &Very affordable.
This document provides an overview of the gingiva, including its macroscopic and microscopic features. It discusses the different types of gingival epithelium (oral, sulcular, junctional), their histological characteristics. It also describes the renewal process of gingival epithelium and cuticular structures. Additionally, it covers the microscopic features of gingival connective tissue and blood supply. Key points include the layers and keratinization process of gingival epithelium, the non-keratinized nature of sulcular and junctional epithelium, and the formation and structure of the dentogingival junction.
Papillon-Lèfevre Syndrome (PLS) is a rare genetic disorder that causes severe gum disease and early loss of both baby and adult teeth. It is caused by mutations in the CTSC gene which encodes an enzyme important for immune function. Patients with PLS experience rapid gum inflammation and bone loss around teeth from a young age, resulting in pain, infection, and premature tooth loss. Skin lesions also develop on the hands and feet. Treatment focuses on antibiotics, oral hygiene, gum treatment, and early tooth extraction to prevent further infection and bone loss, with the goal of restoring chewing function through prosthetics or implants.
This document provides an overview of dental caries including its history, epidemiology, definitions, classifications, etiology, pathophysiology, clinical characteristics, diagnosis, prevention and treatment. It discusses early concepts of the cause of caries including the worm theory and more recent understanding involving the interplay between oral bacteria, carbohydrates and the tooth surface leading to organic acid production and demineralization. Factors influencing caries development include the host, microflora, substrate and time of exposure.
The periodontal pocket is a key feature of periodontal disease that results from the deepening of the gingival sulcus. Pockets can be classified as gingival, suprabony, or intrabony depending on their location relative to the alveolar bone. The document describes the signs, symptoms, clinical features, and histopathological changes that occur as the gingival sulcus transforms into a periodontal pocket through collagen destruction and epithelial downgrowth along the root surface. Bacteria can invade the soft tissue wall and contribute to further inflammatory changes in the pocket.
Class on regresive altrations of teeth (RAOT)DrRam Thiramdas
The document discusses various regressive alterations of teeth (RAOT) that result from wear and tear over time rather than developmental abnormalities or infection. It describes several types of RAOT including attrition from tooth contact during chewing, abrasion from external abrasives, erosion from acid exposure, and abfraction from biomechanical forces. It provides details on the etiology, clinical features, and appearance of each type of RAOT. Treatment involves identifying and addressing the underlying causes as well as restorative measures to protect the tooth structure.
The document summarizes traumatic dental injuries and their management. It discusses the classification, clinical features, treatment, and stabilization periods for various types of dentoalveolar injuries including enamel fractures, crown fractures, root fractures, luxations, and avulsions. Splinting is described as the best method for immobilizing mobile teeth or displaced teeth, with different splinting techniques and materials discussed. Prompt treatment of dental trauma is emphasized to save injured teeth.
This document discusses various non-carious lesions of teeth including attrition, abrasion, erosion, abfraction, dentinal sclerosis, dead tracts, secondary dentin, pulp stones, hypercementosis, and cementicles. It defines each lesion, describes the etiology and pathogenesis, and highlights key clinical features. Attrition is mechanical wear of teeth from tooth contact while abrasion is caused by external frictional forces. Erosion results from chemical dissolution of tooth structure by acids. Abfraction involves stress-induced cervical lesions. Dentinal sclerosis and dead tracts are age-related changes in dentin. Secondary dentin deposition occurs in response to stimuli. Pulp stones, hypercementosis and
Pulp therapy aims to maintain tooth integrity and pulp vitality when possible. For primary teeth, this may involve indirect or direct pulp capping, pulpotomy, or pulpectomy depending on the pulp status and size of any exposure. For young permanent teeth, these same procedures plus apexogenesis or apexification may be used. Diagnosis is based on symptoms, history and testing to determine if the pulp is normal, reversibly inflamed, or irreversibly inflamed/necrotic to guide appropriate treatment. The goal is pulp or tooth preservation depending on prognosis.
This document discusses common errors that can occur during endodontic treatment and ways to prevent or manage them. It covers errors related to accessing the pulp space like treating the wrong tooth, incomplete caries removal, or perforating through a full coverage restoration. It also discusses errors during canal cleaning and shaping such as ledge formation, canal deviations, or instrument separation. Finally, it addresses procedural errors during obturation like underfilling or overfilling the canal with gutta percha. Throughout, it provides tips for preventing errors like using small instruments sequentially, maintaining canal patency, and taking pre-operative radiographs to understand anatomy.
This document discusses the management of deep carious lesions. It begins by defining deep carious lesions as those that penetrate deeply into the dentin, potentially involving over half of the dentin thickness. It then covers the response of the pulpo-dentinal complex at different stages of carious lesion progression. This includes the cellular changes that occur as caries advances through enamel and into dentin. The document also discusses arrested caries, histopathology of carious dentin, effective depth of remaining dentin and its impact on pulpal response, prognosis of deep lesions, reparability of the pulpo-dentinal complex, and various treatment modalities including indirect pulp capping and stepwise excavation.
The document discusses the stages of gingivitis. It describes 4 stages: initial lesion, early lesion, established lesion, and advanced lesion. Each stage is characterized by specific clinical and microscopic features that progress as gingivitis advances. The initial lesion shows vasculitis and fluid exudation. The early lesion displays erythema and bleeding on probing. The established lesion has blood stasis and junctional epithelium proliferation. The advanced lesion results in bone loss, pocket formation, and collagen loss. The document also discusses classification of gingivitis, changes in gingival position, causes of recession, and clinical significance of recession.
Diagnostic aids in endodontics /certified fixed orthodontic courses by India...Indian dental academy
Welcome to Indian Dental Academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy has a unique training program & curriculum that provides students with exceptional clinical skills and enabling them to return to their office with high level confidence and start treating patients
State of the art comprehensive training-Faculty of world wide repute &Very affordable.
Non-carious cervical lesions are caused by a combination of erosion, abrasion, and abfraction and affect half the population. Erosion is chemical wear from acids like those in citrus fruits and drinks. Abrasion is mechanical wear, like from overly vigorous brushing. Abfraction is stress-related wear from forces like clenching. These lesions are diagnosed through history, examination, and radiographs. Treatment depends on the severity but may include desensitization, restorations using composites or glass ionomers, endodontics, or periodontal procedures.
This document discusses aggressive periodontitis, including its definition, classification, clinical characteristics, diagnostic criteria, and treatment modalities. Aggressive periodontitis is defined as a rare, severe form of periodontitis characterized by early onset and familial aggregation. It can be localized or generalized. Treatment involves nonsurgical and surgical therapies like scaling and root planing as well as adjunctive systemic or local antibiotics. Maintaining frequent periodontal maintenance visits is important for long-term disease control.
This document discusses non-carious cervical lesions, which result from erosion, abrasion, or abfraction rather than bacteria. It describes the causes, clinical features, diagnosis, and management of such lesions. Erosion can be caused by dietary or gastric acids, while abrasion results from toothbrushing or habits. Abfraction involves biomechanical forces that flex and fatigue tooth structure. Non-carious cervical lesions are diagnosed through history, examination, and sometimes radiographs. Treatment involves dentin desensitization, restorations with materials like glass ionomers or composites, endodontics, or periodontal procedures. Prevention focuses on diet, fluoride, habits, and reducing causative occlusal stresses.
Abutment & Its Selection In Fixed Partial DentureSelf employed
This document discusses factors to consider when selecting abutment teeth for fixed partial dentures (FPDs). It defines an abutment tooth and outlines how to assess potential abutments, including taking radiographs and evaluating crown morphology, root configuration, crown-to-root ratio, and other anatomical features. Good abutment teeth are vital with adequate bone and root support and crown structure to withstand forces from the FPD. Location, occlusion, tooth structure and root health must be optimized for successful force distribution from the prosthesis.
Ankylosis is the fusion of a tooth root to the alveolar bone due to lack of periodontal ligament space. It occurs most commonly in deciduous teeth, especially the mandibular second molar, as a result of root resorption followed by fusion to the bone. This prevents normal exfoliation of deciduous teeth and impaction of the permanent successor. Ankylosis can be caused by local metabolic changes, trauma, infection or abnormal tongue pressure. Clinically, ankylosed teeth appear sunken, lack mobility, and percussion elicits a solid sound. Radiographically, there is partial or complete absence of the periodontal ligament space and lamina dura. Treatment depends on
Veneers are a conservative treatment to improve the appearance of teeth. They involve bonding thin facings of tooth-colored material to the front of teeth. Veneers can be made of composite resin, porcelain, or other ceramic materials. They are either bonded directly during a single appointment or indirectly with impressions taken and veneers fabricated by a dental laboratory over two appointments. Veneers can repair damage, close gaps, change the shape or length of teeth, or improve discoloration while minimizing the removal of tooth structure. The choice of material and technique depends on the specific needs and preferences of the patient.
Tooth wear can occur through abrasion, attrition, erosion, and abfraction. Abrasion involves foreign objects rubbing teeth, while attrition is tooth-to-tooth contact. Erosion is acid etching of teeth and abfraction involves microfractures from occlusal stresses. Diagnosis involves examining location, appearance, and progression of tooth wear. Management focuses on controlling factors, restoring function and aesthetics, and using materials like composites and night guards to minimize further wear. Ongoing maintenance appointments are needed to monitor wear and refurbish restorations as the condition is progressive.
This document discusses furcation involvement in multi-rooted teeth. It begins with definitions of anatomical terms related to furcations. It then discusses various classifications of furcation involvement, ranging from initial/incipient involvement to more advanced through-and-through defects. Epidemiology, etiology, diagnosis and factors affecting treatment outcomes are also covered. The document concludes with an overview of management approaches, which include maintaining the furcation, increasing access, removing the furcation, or closing it with new attachment.
This document discusses dentin hypersensitivity. It defines dentin hypersensitivity as short, sharp pain from exposed dentin in response to stimuli like heat, cold, tactile pressure or osmotic changes. It discusses the prevalence, distribution, etiology and theories of the condition. The key theory proposed is the hydrodynamic theory, which suggests that fluid movement in dentinal tubules in response to stimuli activates nerve endings and causes pain. Proper management of dentin hypersensitivity aims to occlude dentinal tubules to block this fluid movement.
The document provides information on traumatic injuries to teeth, including concussions, luxations, and fractures. It describes the clinical signs, radiographic findings, and treatment approaches for each type of injury. Concussions involve inflammation of the periodontal ligament without tooth displacement. Luxations occur when a tooth is displaced from its socket, sometimes with alveolar bone fractures. Fractures are classified as enamel fractures, enamel-dentin fractures, enamel-dentin-pulp fractures, or root fractures. Treatment depends on the specific injury but may include repositioning displaced teeth, pulpotomies, root canals, extractions, or orthodontic/surgical repositioning.
The periodontal pocket is a key feature of periodontal disease that results from the deepening of the gingival sulcus. Pockets can be classified as gingival, suprabony, or intrabony depending on their location relative to the alveolar bone. The document describes the signs, symptoms, clinical features, and histopathological changes that occur as the gingival sulcus transforms into a periodontal pocket through collagen destruction and epithelial downgrowth along the root surface. Bacteria can invade the soft tissue wall and contribute to further inflammatory changes in the pocket.
Class on regresive altrations of teeth (RAOT)DrRam Thiramdas
The document discusses various regressive alterations of teeth (RAOT) that result from wear and tear over time rather than developmental abnormalities or infection. It describes several types of RAOT including attrition from tooth contact during chewing, abrasion from external abrasives, erosion from acid exposure, and abfraction from biomechanical forces. It provides details on the etiology, clinical features, and appearance of each type of RAOT. Treatment involves identifying and addressing the underlying causes as well as restorative measures to protect the tooth structure.
The document summarizes traumatic dental injuries and their management. It discusses the classification, clinical features, treatment, and stabilization periods for various types of dentoalveolar injuries including enamel fractures, crown fractures, root fractures, luxations, and avulsions. Splinting is described as the best method for immobilizing mobile teeth or displaced teeth, with different splinting techniques and materials discussed. Prompt treatment of dental trauma is emphasized to save injured teeth.
This document discusses various non-carious lesions of teeth including attrition, abrasion, erosion, abfraction, dentinal sclerosis, dead tracts, secondary dentin, pulp stones, hypercementosis, and cementicles. It defines each lesion, describes the etiology and pathogenesis, and highlights key clinical features. Attrition is mechanical wear of teeth from tooth contact while abrasion is caused by external frictional forces. Erosion results from chemical dissolution of tooth structure by acids. Abfraction involves stress-induced cervical lesions. Dentinal sclerosis and dead tracts are age-related changes in dentin. Secondary dentin deposition occurs in response to stimuli. Pulp stones, hypercementosis and
Pulp therapy aims to maintain tooth integrity and pulp vitality when possible. For primary teeth, this may involve indirect or direct pulp capping, pulpotomy, or pulpectomy depending on the pulp status and size of any exposure. For young permanent teeth, these same procedures plus apexogenesis or apexification may be used. Diagnosis is based on symptoms, history and testing to determine if the pulp is normal, reversibly inflamed, or irreversibly inflamed/necrotic to guide appropriate treatment. The goal is pulp or tooth preservation depending on prognosis.
This document discusses common errors that can occur during endodontic treatment and ways to prevent or manage them. It covers errors related to accessing the pulp space like treating the wrong tooth, incomplete caries removal, or perforating through a full coverage restoration. It also discusses errors during canal cleaning and shaping such as ledge formation, canal deviations, or instrument separation. Finally, it addresses procedural errors during obturation like underfilling or overfilling the canal with gutta percha. Throughout, it provides tips for preventing errors like using small instruments sequentially, maintaining canal patency, and taking pre-operative radiographs to understand anatomy.
This document discusses the management of deep carious lesions. It begins by defining deep carious lesions as those that penetrate deeply into the dentin, potentially involving over half of the dentin thickness. It then covers the response of the pulpo-dentinal complex at different stages of carious lesion progression. This includes the cellular changes that occur as caries advances through enamel and into dentin. The document also discusses arrested caries, histopathology of carious dentin, effective depth of remaining dentin and its impact on pulpal response, prognosis of deep lesions, reparability of the pulpo-dentinal complex, and various treatment modalities including indirect pulp capping and stepwise excavation.
The document discusses the stages of gingivitis. It describes 4 stages: initial lesion, early lesion, established lesion, and advanced lesion. Each stage is characterized by specific clinical and microscopic features that progress as gingivitis advances. The initial lesion shows vasculitis and fluid exudation. The early lesion displays erythema and bleeding on probing. The established lesion has blood stasis and junctional epithelium proliferation. The advanced lesion results in bone loss, pocket formation, and collagen loss. The document also discusses classification of gingivitis, changes in gingival position, causes of recession, and clinical significance of recession.
Diagnostic aids in endodontics /certified fixed orthodontic courses by India...Indian dental academy
Welcome to Indian Dental Academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy has a unique training program & curriculum that provides students with exceptional clinical skills and enabling them to return to their office with high level confidence and start treating patients
State of the art comprehensive training-Faculty of world wide repute &Very affordable.
Non-carious cervical lesions are caused by a combination of erosion, abrasion, and abfraction and affect half the population. Erosion is chemical wear from acids like those in citrus fruits and drinks. Abrasion is mechanical wear, like from overly vigorous brushing. Abfraction is stress-related wear from forces like clenching. These lesions are diagnosed through history, examination, and radiographs. Treatment depends on the severity but may include desensitization, restorations using composites or glass ionomers, endodontics, or periodontal procedures.
This document discusses aggressive periodontitis, including its definition, classification, clinical characteristics, diagnostic criteria, and treatment modalities. Aggressive periodontitis is defined as a rare, severe form of periodontitis characterized by early onset and familial aggregation. It can be localized or generalized. Treatment involves nonsurgical and surgical therapies like scaling and root planing as well as adjunctive systemic or local antibiotics. Maintaining frequent periodontal maintenance visits is important for long-term disease control.
This document discusses non-carious cervical lesions, which result from erosion, abrasion, or abfraction rather than bacteria. It describes the causes, clinical features, diagnosis, and management of such lesions. Erosion can be caused by dietary or gastric acids, while abrasion results from toothbrushing or habits. Abfraction involves biomechanical forces that flex and fatigue tooth structure. Non-carious cervical lesions are diagnosed through history, examination, and sometimes radiographs. Treatment involves dentin desensitization, restorations with materials like glass ionomers or composites, endodontics, or periodontal procedures. Prevention focuses on diet, fluoride, habits, and reducing causative occlusal stresses.
Abutment & Its Selection In Fixed Partial DentureSelf employed
This document discusses factors to consider when selecting abutment teeth for fixed partial dentures (FPDs). It defines an abutment tooth and outlines how to assess potential abutments, including taking radiographs and evaluating crown morphology, root configuration, crown-to-root ratio, and other anatomical features. Good abutment teeth are vital with adequate bone and root support and crown structure to withstand forces from the FPD. Location, occlusion, tooth structure and root health must be optimized for successful force distribution from the prosthesis.
Ankylosis is the fusion of a tooth root to the alveolar bone due to lack of periodontal ligament space. It occurs most commonly in deciduous teeth, especially the mandibular second molar, as a result of root resorption followed by fusion to the bone. This prevents normal exfoliation of deciduous teeth and impaction of the permanent successor. Ankylosis can be caused by local metabolic changes, trauma, infection or abnormal tongue pressure. Clinically, ankylosed teeth appear sunken, lack mobility, and percussion elicits a solid sound. Radiographically, there is partial or complete absence of the periodontal ligament space and lamina dura. Treatment depends on
Veneers are a conservative treatment to improve the appearance of teeth. They involve bonding thin facings of tooth-colored material to the front of teeth. Veneers can be made of composite resin, porcelain, or other ceramic materials. They are either bonded directly during a single appointment or indirectly with impressions taken and veneers fabricated by a dental laboratory over two appointments. Veneers can repair damage, close gaps, change the shape or length of teeth, or improve discoloration while minimizing the removal of tooth structure. The choice of material and technique depends on the specific needs and preferences of the patient.
Tooth wear can occur through abrasion, attrition, erosion, and abfraction. Abrasion involves foreign objects rubbing teeth, while attrition is tooth-to-tooth contact. Erosion is acid etching of teeth and abfraction involves microfractures from occlusal stresses. Diagnosis involves examining location, appearance, and progression of tooth wear. Management focuses on controlling factors, restoring function and aesthetics, and using materials like composites and night guards to minimize further wear. Ongoing maintenance appointments are needed to monitor wear and refurbish restorations as the condition is progressive.
This document discusses furcation involvement in multi-rooted teeth. It begins with definitions of anatomical terms related to furcations. It then discusses various classifications of furcation involvement, ranging from initial/incipient involvement to more advanced through-and-through defects. Epidemiology, etiology, diagnosis and factors affecting treatment outcomes are also covered. The document concludes with an overview of management approaches, which include maintaining the furcation, increasing access, removing the furcation, or closing it with new attachment.
This document discusses dentin hypersensitivity. It defines dentin hypersensitivity as short, sharp pain from exposed dentin in response to stimuli like heat, cold, tactile pressure or osmotic changes. It discusses the prevalence, distribution, etiology and theories of the condition. The key theory proposed is the hydrodynamic theory, which suggests that fluid movement in dentinal tubules in response to stimuli activates nerve endings and causes pain. Proper management of dentin hypersensitivity aims to occlude dentinal tubules to block this fluid movement.
The document provides information on traumatic injuries to teeth, including concussions, luxations, and fractures. It describes the clinical signs, radiographic findings, and treatment approaches for each type of injury. Concussions involve inflammation of the periodontal ligament without tooth displacement. Luxations occur when a tooth is displaced from its socket, sometimes with alveolar bone fractures. Fractures are classified as enamel fractures, enamel-dentin fractures, enamel-dentin-pulp fractures, or root fractures. Treatment depends on the specific injury but may include repositioning displaced teeth, pulpotomies, root canals, extractions, or orthodontic/surgical repositioning.
Luxation injuries involve displacement of teeth from their sockets and can range from mild concussions to complete avulsion. The document outlines the different types of luxation injuries including subluxation, extrusive luxation, lateral luxation, and intrusive luxation. It provides details on the diagnostic signs, treatment objectives, and prognosis for each type of injury. Pulp necrosis rates vary depending on the severity of the luxation, from 4% for concussions to 100% for intrusive luxations. Treatment generally involves repositioning the tooth, splinting for support, and monitoring for pulp necrosis over time.
The document discusses various types of traumatic injuries to teeth, including classifications and treatment approaches. It covers injuries such as enamel fractures, crown fractures with and without pulp exposure, crown-root fractures, root fractures, and vertical fractures. For each type of injury, the summary discusses typical clinical and radiographic findings and outlines treatment options such as pulpotomy, root canal treatment, splinting fractured segments, and orthodontic or surgical repositioning of fragments. The prognosis depends on factors like the distance between fractured segments and their immobilization after injury. Healing may involve calcified tissue, connective tissue, or granulation tissue formation between fragments.
This document provides guidance on managing traumatic dental injuries in primary teeth. It discusses various types of injuries including enamel fractures, root fractures, luxations, and avulsions. For each injury type, it describes treatment objectives, options for treatment or observation, and follow-up recommendations. Conservative management is prioritized when possible to avoid harming the developing permanent dentition. While some injuries require extraction, others may be treated with pulpotomy, splinting, or simply monitoring for complications. Frequent follow-up is important to check for issues like infection, resorption, or eruption disturbances in the permanent teeth.
The document discusses dental luxation injuries, which involve disruption of the tooth and surrounding tissues from trauma. It describes different types of luxation including intrusive, extrusive, lateral, and concussive luxations. For each type, it outlines the typical clinical findings, recommended treatment approaches, and prognosis. Intrusive luxations have the tooth driven into the socket, while extrusive luxations see the tooth elongated out of the socket. Lateral luxations displace the tooth labially, lingually, mesially or distally. Treatment involves repositioning the tooth and splinting, with endodontics sometimes needed. Prognosis depends on healing of the periodontium and pulpal response.
Management of traumatic lesions to primary dentitionSaeed Bajafar
This document discusses the management of traumatic injuries to primary teeth. It covers the etiology, epidemiology, classification systems, examination process, and various types of injuries including their treatment and potential sequelae. The types of injuries discussed include enamel fractures, crown fractures, root fractures, luxation injuries, alveolar fractures, and avulsion. Treatment depends on factors such as the child's age, tooth development, and severity of injury. The goal is often to preserve the primary tooth and its function until exfoliation when possible.
Pulp therapy for primary and young teethSaeed Bajafar
The document discusses various pulp therapy techniques for primary and young permanent teeth, including indirect and direct pulp capping, pulpotomy, and apexogenesis. It provides indications and contraindications for each technique, as well as descriptions of techniques such as using calcium hydroxide or zinc oxide-eugenol to cover exposed pulp tissue. The goal of pulp therapy is to maintain the health of the teeth and surrounding tissues through various treatments aimed at preserving pulp vitality.
This document provides an overview of traumatic dental injuries, including:
- Common causes of dental trauma like sports accidents, assaults, and biting hard objects.
- Garcia & Godoy's classification system for injuries which includes enamel fractures, crown fractures, root fractures, luxations, and avulsions.
- Diagnostic methods like clinical examination, vitality testing, and radiography to evaluate injuries.
- Descriptions and treatment approaches for different injury types such as direct pulp capping, pulpotomy, endodontic treatment, and reattachment of fragments.
- Factors that influence healing of injuries like distance between fragments and immobilization duration.
The document serves as a reference for
The document discusses various pulp treatment procedures for primary teeth, including indirect pulp capping (IPC) and direct pulp capping (DPC). IPC involves removing gross caries and sealing the cavity to allow the remaining infected dentin to be arrested, while DPC places a protective material directly over an exposed pulp site. Both aim to preserve pulp vitality and encourage reparative dentin formation. Key factors in success include residual dentin thickness and choice of capping agent. DPC is not recommended for primary teeth due to their higher cellular content and inflammatory response compared to permanent teeth.
Traumatized Teeth
Copyright by Dr. Khin Swe Aye
Department of Conservative Dentistry
University of Dental Medicine, Yangon
Feel free to request to take it down this slide if you are copyright owner.
This document provides an overview of the management of dental traumatic injuries in paediatric patients. It discusses the classification, aetiology, epidemiology, clinical evaluation and treatment protocols for various injuries. Key points include:
- Dental trauma is common in children aged 2-4 and 7-10 years old, often due to falls or collisions.
- Injuries range from enamel fractures to luxations and avulsions and are classified systems like Andreasen.
- Clinical evaluation involves medical history, extraoral/intraoral exams, sensitivity tests, and radiographs to diagnose the injury.
- Treatment depends on the injury but may include allowing re-eruption, extraction, or restoration with composite for fractures.
Young permanent teeth have incompletely formed roots and differ from permanent teeth in their pulp chamber anatomy, pulp size, and dentin thickness. Their roots are longer and more slender compared to primary teeth. Indirect pulp capping involves applying a medicament over remaining dentin after deep caries removal without exposure. Direct pulp capping places a biocompatible material over an inadvertent exposure to seal the pulp. Pulpotomy removes coronal pulp tissue to preserve radicular vitality, while pulpectomy removes necrotic pulp and obturates canals to maintain an infection-free tooth.
Endodontics is the specialty of dentistry that manages the dental pulp and surrounding tissues. It involves diagnosing and treating issues like pulpal nerve damage, which can cause pain or sensitivity. Diagnostic tests are used to examine the tooth and determine the specific condition, such as pulpitis or a periradicular abscess. Common endodontic procedures include pulpotomy, pulpectomy, and root canal therapy which aim to preserve or remove the pulp and disinfect and fill the root canals. Surgical endodontic procedures like apicoectomy and retrograde restoration are needed when non-surgical root canal treatment fails or to address anatomical issues.
This document discusses various types of traumatic injuries to teeth. It begins by introducing the topic and defining some key terms. It then provides a detailed classification system for dental injuries developed by the International Association of Dental Traumatology, which categorizes injuries based on their effects on hard dental tissues, periodontal tissues, supporting bone, and soft tissues. The document also discusses several other classification systems. It provides descriptions, clinical findings, radiographic findings, and treatment approaches for different injury types including enamel fractures, uncomplicated crown fractures, crown-root fractures, and luxation injuries.
This document discusses various types of physical and chemical injuries that can occur in the oral cavity. It covers traumatic injuries including fractures, luxations and avulsions of teeth. It also discusses injuries to the supporting structures of teeth such as concussions, subluxations and ankylosis. Soft tissue injuries from factors like linea alba, toothbrush trauma, traumatic ulcers and cotton roll injuries are explained. Specific conditions like traumatic ulcerative granuloma with stromal eosinophilia, Riga-fede disease and angina bullosa hemorrhagica affecting the oral soft tissues are also summarized. Storage media for avulsed teeth and classification systems for different types of tooth fractures are highlighted.
Vital pulp therapy in primary and permanent toothVaishnavi1996
This document provides information on various vital pulp therapy procedures including indirect pulp capping, direct pulp capping, and pulpotomy. It defines each procedure and discusses their objectives, indications, contraindications and treatment considerations. Indirect pulp capping involves sealing off carious dentin near the pulp to encourage recovery, while direct pulp capping places a protective material directly over an exposed pulp. Pulpotomy involves removing the coronal pulp and placing a medicament to preserve the vitality of the remaining radicular pulp. The document outlines the factors that influence the success of each procedure such as the size of any pulp exposure and presence of preoperative pain or radiographic abnormalities.
Dento-alveolar fractures involve avulsion, subluxation or fracture of the teeth associated with a fracture of the alveolus. They are commonly caused by road traffic accidents or falls and more frequently affect the maxillary central incisors in children. Treatment depends on the complexity and location of the injury, with goals of preserving damaged teeth when possible through splinting or endodontic treatment. Management may include extraction, repositioning displaced teeth, and repair of soft tissue or alveolar bone injuries.
Endodontic Treatment For Children by professor hasham khanJamil Kifayatullah
This document discusses endodontic treatment options for children, including the aims of endodontic therapy in primary and young permanent teeth, types of treatments such as indirect and direct pulp capping, pulpotomy techniques using various medicaments, and the advantages and difficulties of treatments in pediatric patients.
This document discusses classification and treatment of dental trauma. It begins by classifying crown fractures from Class I (simple enamel fracture) to Class IV (loss of entire crown). It then discusses treatment for each class of fracture, including covering exposed dentin with glass ionomer or bonding. For pulp exposures, it describes pulpotomy/pulpectomy techniques using materials like MTA or calcium hydroxide. For immature permanent teeth with open apices, it recommends apexogenesis using calcium hydroxide or MTA to encourage continued root development. Direct pulp capping may be used for small, recent exposures, while endodontic treatment is needed for symptomatic or large exposures.
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Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit InnovationTechSoup
In this webinar, participants learned how to utilize Generative AI to streamline operations and elevate member engagement. Amazon Web Service experts provided a customer specific use cases and dived into low/no-code tools that are quick and easy to deploy through Amazon Web Service (AWS.)
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
Temple of Asclepius in Thrace. Excavation resultsKrassimira Luka
The temple and the sanctuary around were dedicated to Asklepios Zmidrenus. This name has been known since 1875 when an inscription dedicated to him was discovered in Rome. The inscription is dated in 227 AD and was left by soldiers originating from the city of Philippopolis (modern Plovdiv).
6. tooth is not mobile
not displaced
periodontal ligament (PDL)
absorbs injury + inflammed
leaves tooth tender to
biting pressure + percussion
Concussion
7. Visual sign:
not displaced
Percussion test:
tender to touch or tapping
Mobility test:
no increased mobility
Concussion
8. Pulp Sensibility Test:
positive result
it is important in assessing
future risk of healing
complications
lack of response to the test
indicates an increased risk
of later pulp necrosis
Concussion
9. Radiographic findings:
no radiographic
abnormalities
Radiographs:
occlusal
periapical
lateral view from mesial +
distal aspect of tooth in
question
Concussion
10. Treatment Objectives:
usually there is no
treatment
Treatment:
monitor pulpal condition
for at least 1 year
Concussion
11. Patient Instructions:
soft food for 1 week
brush with soft bristle
rinse with chlorhexidine
0.1% to prevent plaque
accumulation
Concussion
12. tooth is displaced in
a labial, lingual or lateral
direction
PDL is usually torn
fractures of supporting
alveolus may occur
Luxation
13. similar to extrusion injuries
partial or total separation
of periodontal ligament
Luxation
14. Visual sign:
displaced, usually in a
palatal/lingual or labial
direction
Percussion test:
usually gives a metallic
(ankylotic) sound
Mobility test:
Luxation
15. Pulp Sensibility Test:
likely give a lack of
response except for teeth
with minor displacement
test is important in assessing
risk of healing complications
positive result at the initial
examination indicates a reduced
risk of future pulp necrosis
Luxation
16. Radiographic findings:
widened periapical ligament
space best seen on occlusal
or eccentric exposures
Radiographs:
occlusal
periapical
lateral view from mesial +
distal aspect of tooth in
Luxation
17. Treatment Objective:
reposition + splint a displaced
tooth to facilitate pulp +
periodontal ligament healing
Luxation
18. Treatment:
rinse the exposed part of root
surface with saline before
repositioning
apply local anesthesia
reposition tooth with forceps
or with digital pressure to
disengage it from its bony
socket
Luxation
19. Treatment:
gently reposition it into
its original position
stabilize the tooth for 4 weeks
using a flexible splint
4 weeks is indicated due to
associated bone fracture
Luxation
20. Patient Instructions:
soft food for 1 week
brush with soft bristle
rinse with chlorhexidine
0.1% to prevent plaque
accumulation
Luxation
21. Ellis and Davey classification
of crown fracture is useful in
recording extent of damage to
crown
Class I – simple fracture
of crown involving little
or no dentin
Class II – extensive fracture
of crown involving considerable
dentin but not dental pulp
Fracture
22. Class III – extensive fracture
of crown with an exposure
of dental pulp
Class IV – loss of entire crown
Fracture
24. fracture confined to the
enamel with loss of tooth
structure
Enamel Fracture
25. Visual sign:
visible loss of enamel
no visible sign of exposed
dentin
Percussion test:
not tender
if tenderness is observed
evaluate tooth for a possible
luxation or root fracture injury
Enamel Fracture
26. Mobility test:
normal mobility
Sensibility test:
usually positive
test may be negative initially
indicating transient pulpal
damage
Enamel Fracture
27. Sensibility test:
monitor pulpal response
until definitive pulpal
diagnosis can be made
test is important in assessing
risk of future healing
complications
lack of response at initial
examination indicates an increased
risk of later pulpal necrosis
Enamel Fracture
28. Radiographic findings:
enamel lost is visible
Radiographs:
occlusal
periapical
recommended to rule out
possible presence of root
fracture or a luxation injury
Enamel Fracture
29. Treatment:
if tooth fragment is available,
it can be bonded to the tooth
grinding or restoration with
composite resin depending on
extent + location of fracture
Enamel Fracture
30. fracture confined to enamel
+ dentin with loss of tooth
structure, but not involving
pulp
Enamel-Dentin Fracture
31. Visual sign:
visible loss of enamel
+ dentin
no visible sign of exposed
pulp tissue
Percussion test:
not tender
if tenderness is observed
evaluate tooth for a possible
luxation or root fracture injury
Enamel-Dentin Fracture
32. Mobility test:
normal mobility
Sensibility test:
usually positive
test may be negative initially
indicating transient pulpal
damage
Enamel-Dentin Fracture
33. Sensibility test:
monitor pulpal response
until definitive pulpal
diagnosis can be made
test is important in assessing
risk of future healing
complications
lack of response at initial
examination indicates an increased
risk of later pulpal necrosis
Enamel-Dentin Fracture
34. Radiographic findings:
enamel-dentin lost
is visible
Radiographs:
occlusal
periapical
recommended to rule out
displacement or possible
presence of root fracture
Enamel-Dentin Fracture
35. Treatment:
if tooth fragment is available,
it can be bonded to the tooth
otherwise perform provisional
treatment by covering exposed
dentin with glass ionomer
or a permanent restoration
using a bonding agent +
composite resin
Enamel-Dentin Fracture
36. (Complicated Crown Fracture)
a fracture involving enamel +
dentin with loss of tooth
structure + exposure of pulp
Enamel-Dentin-Pulp
Fracture
37. Visual sign:
visible loss of enamel
+ dentin
exposed pulp tissue
Percussion test:
not tender
if tenderness is observed
evaluate tooth for a possible
luxation or root fracture injury
Enamel-Dentin-Pulp
Fracture
38. Mobility test:
normal mobility
Sensibility test:
usually positive
Enamel-Dentin-Pulp
Fracture
39. Sensibility test:
test is important in assessing
risk of future healing
complications
lack of response at initial
examination indicates an increased
risk of later pulpal necrosis
Enamel-Dentin-Pulp
Fracture
40. Radiographic findings:
lost of tooth substance
is visible
Radiographs:
occlusal
periapical
recommended to rule out
displacement or possible
presence of luxation or root
fracture
Enamel-Dentin-Pulp
Fracture
41. Treatment:
if young patients with open
apices, it is very important to
preserve pulp vitality by
pulp capping or partial
pulpotomy in order to secure
further root development
this treatment is also
treatment of choice in patients
with closed apices
Enamel-Dentin-Pulp
Fracture
42. Treatment:
Calcium hydroxide compunds
+ MTA are suitable materials
for such procedures
in older patients with closed
apices + luxation injury with
displacement, root canal
treatment is usually
treatment of choice
Enamel-Dentin-Pulp
Fracture
43. fracture involving:
enamel
dentin
cementum
with loss of tooth structure
but not exposing pulp
Crown-Root Fracture
without pulp involvement
45. Mobility test:
coronal fragment mobile
Sensibility test:
usually positive for apical
fragment
Crown-Root Fracture
without pulp involvement
46. Radiographic findings:
apical extension of fracture
usually not visible
Radiographs:
occlusal
periapical
recommended to detect fracture
lines in root
cone beam exposure can reveal
whole fracture extension
Crown-Root Fracture
without pulp involvement
47. Treatment:
Fragment removal only
• removal of superficial coronal
crown-root fragment
• subsequent restoration of
exposed dentin above gingival
level
Crown-Root Fracture
without pulp involvement
48. Treatment:
Fragment removal + gingivectomy
(sometimes ostectomy)
• removal of coronal segment
with subsequent endodontic
treatment + restoration with
a post-retained crown
Crown-Root Fracture
without pulp involvement
49. Treatment:
Orthodontic extrusion of
apical fragment
• removal of coronal segment
with subsequent endodontic
treatment + orthodontic
extrusion of remaining root
with sufficient length after
extrusion to support a post-
retained crown
Crown-Root Fracture
without pulp involvement
50. Treatment:
Surgical extrusion
• removal of mobile fractured
fragment
• subsequent surgical
repositioning of root in a more
coronal position
Crown-Root Fracture
without pulp involvement
51. Treatment:
Decoronation (root submergence)
• implant solution is planned,
root fragment may be left in
situ after in order to avoid
alveolar bone resorption
• thereby maintaining volume of
alveolar process for later
implant installation
Crown-Root Fracture
without pulp involvement
52. Treatment:
Extraction
• with immediate or delayed
implant-retained crown
restoration or a coventional
bridge
• fractures with severe apical
extension, the extreme being
a vertical fracture
Crown-Root Fracture
without pulp involvement
53. fracture involving:
enamel
dentin
cementum
with loss of tooth structure
exposure of pulp
Crown-Root Fracture
with pulp involvement
55. Mobility test:
coronal fragment mobile
Sensibility test:
usually positive for apical
fragment
Crown-Root Fracture
with pulp involvement
56. Radiographic findings:
apical extension of fracture
usually not visible
Radiographs:
occlusal
periapical
cone beam exposure can reveal
whole fracture extension
Crown-Root Fracture
without pulp involvement
57. Treatment:
Fragment removal + gingivectomy
(sometimes ostectomy)
• removal of coronal segment
with subsequent endodontic
treatment + restoration with
a post-retained crown
Crown-Root Fracture
with pulp involvement
58. Treatment:
Orthodontic extrusion of
apical fragment
• removal of coronal segment
with subsequent endodontic
treatment + orthodontic
extrusion of remaining root
with sufficient length after
extrusion to support a post-
retained crown
Crown-Root Fracture
with pulp involvement
59. Treatment:
Surgical extrusion
• removal of mobile fractured
fragment
• subsequent surgical
repositioning of root in a more
coronal position
Crown-Root Fracture
with pulp involvement
60. Treatment:
Decoronation (root submergence)
• implant solution is planned,
root fragment may be left in
situ after in order to avoid
alveolar bone resorption
• thereby maintaining volume of
alveolar process for later
implant installation
Crown-Root Fracture
with pulp involvement
61. Treatment:
Extraction
• with immediate or delayed
implant-retained crown
restoration or a coventional
bridge
• fractures with severe apical
extension, the extreme being
a vertical fracture
Crown-Root Fracture
with pulp involvement
62. fracture confined to the
root of tooth involving:
cementum
dentin
pulp
Root Fracture
63. Visual sign:
coronal segment may be
mobile
some cases displaced
transient crown discoloration
(red or gray) may occur
bleeding from gingival sulcus
may be noted
Root Fracture
64. Percussion test:
tooth may be tender
Mobility test:
coronal segment may be
mobile
Root Fracture
65. Sensibility test:
the test is important in assessing
risk of healing complications
a positive sensibility test
at the initial examination
indicates a significantly
reduced risk of later pulpal
necrosis
Root Fracture
66. Sensibility test:
may give negative results
initially
indicating transient or permanent
neural damage
pulp sensibility test is usually
negative for root fractures
except for teeth with minor
displacements
Root Fracture
67. Radiographic findings:
root fracture line is
usually visible
fracture involves root of
the tooth in a horizontal
or diagonal plane
Root Fracture
68. Treatment:
rinse exposed root surface
with saline before repositioning
if displaced, reposition the
coronal segment of the tooth as
soon as possible
check that correct position
has been reached radiographically
Root Fracture
69. Treatment:
stabilize the tooth with flexible
splint for 4 weeks
if the root fracture is near
cervical area of the tooth
stabilization is beneficial for
a longer period of time (upto 4
months)
Root Fracture
70. Treatment:
monitor healing for at least
1 year to determine pulpal
status
if pulp necrosis develops, then
root canal treatment of the
coronal tooth segment to
the fracture is indicated
Root Fracture
71. References:References:
BooksBooks
McDonald, Avery et al: Dentistry for theMcDonald, Avery et al: Dentistry for the
Child and AdolescentChild and Adolescent
• (pages 458-459)(pages 458-459)
InternetInternet
http://www.dentaltraumaguide.orghttp://www.dentaltraumaguide.org