This document discusses different modes of transport, including rail, road, air, and water. Rail transport is most commonly used for heavy loads over long distances but has limitations in flexibility. Road transport is the most widely used and flexible but is more expensive over long distances. Water transport via ships is ideal for heavy goods and has the lowest costs but slower speeds. Air transport has the fastest delivery but is the most costly. The document provides details on the advantages and disadvantages of each mode.

1. TRANSPORT

2. MADE BY
KAPil

3.  Introduction
 Mode of transport
 Rail
 Road
 Air
 Water

4. Definition of Transport

5.  TRANSPORT is responsible for the
physical movement of materials between
points in the supply chain
 At the heart of logistics are transport
vehicles moving goods between suppliers
and customers

6. Mode of Transport
 The mode of transport describes the type
of transport used.
 There are basically five different options;
*Rail * Road * Air
* Water

7. Rail
 Most commonly used for heavy and bulky
loads over long land journeys
 They are almost invariably public carriers
rather than private carriers
 The rail service is not nationalised, it is
allowed a monopoly

8. Advantage of Rail
 Rail is that once the infrastructure is in place, it
has very high capacity and low unit costs.
 Railway is the safest form of transport
 Railways perform many public utility services
 Unit transport cost is low

9. Disadvantage of Rail
 Its inflexibility
 Trains can only travel along specified routes
between fixed terminals, and cannot stop at
intermediary points
 Obvious limitation of only being used on land
 Rail transport cannot provide door to door
service

11. Road
 The most widely used mode of transport
and is used at least somewhere in almost
all supply chains.
 Road transport can normally carry loads
up to, say, 20–30 tonnes

12. Advantage of Road
 Main benefit is flexibility, being able to visit almost
any location
 Travel speed can be an important consideration
 Use extensive road networks
 Large number of carriers working in the same
areas
 Easy to monitor location of goods

13. Disadvantage of Road
 These become relatively expensive,so road
transport is generally used for shorter distances
 Used for delivering finished goods than bulky
raw materials
 Lorries are particularly vulnerable to congestion
and traffic delays
 Obvious limitation of only being used on land

14. Different types of road vehicle
 Delivery vans
 Flat-bed lorries

15.  Box-bodied lorries
 Articulated lorries
 Lorry and trailer

17. Water
 Most supply chains use shipping to cross
the oceans,over 90% of world trade is
moved by sea.

18. Advantage of Water
 Ideal for transporting
heavy and bulky goods
 Suitable for products
with long lead times
 Cheapest traffic means
 Requires cheap motor
powers than for
airplanes

19. Disadvantage of Water
 Longer lead/delivery
times and slow
 Difficult to monitor
exact location of
goods in transit
 Its inflexibility in being
limited to appropriate
ports
 Transfers to ships
take time

20. Basically three types of water
transport;
* Rivers and Canals →
← * Coastal Shipping
* Ocean Transport →

21. Different types of vessel
* General cargo ships →→
← ← ←* Bulk carriers
* Tankers →→ →→

22. * Container ships →→
← ← ← ← * Ferries
* Barges →→→→
← * Combination ships

23. india has an extensive network of inland waterways in the form
of rivers, canals, backwaters and creeks. The total navigable
length is 14,500 km (9,000 mi), out of which about 5,200 km
(3,200 mi) of the river and 4,000 km (2,500 mi) of canals can be
used by mechanized crafts. Freight transportation by
waterways is highly under-utilized in India compared to other
large countries and geographic areas like the United
States, China and the European Union. The total cargo moved
(in tonne kilometers) by the inland waterway was just 0.1% of
the total inland traffic in India, compared to the 21% figure
for United States. Cargo transportation in an organised manner
is confined to a few waterways in Goa, West
Bengal, Assam ,and Kerala.

24. Air
 Passengers account for
most airline business,
with eight billion
passenger kilometres
flown a year in the UK.

25. Avantage of Air
 Main advantage is speed of delivery
 Useful for Cargo companies For ex;
Yurtiçi,UPS,Aras etc..

26. Disavantage of Air
 Transfers to plane take time in the airport
 It is costly transport
 Competition can also be fierce
 Weight limits is prevent carrying amount of
materials.

27. The air transport in India started in 1911 when the India’s first
Aeroplane post services were started between Allahabad and
Naini.
All the airway companies were nationalized in 1953 and were put
under two corporations namely – Indian Airlines and Air India.
The Indian Airlines Corporation having headquarters in New Delhi
was established to conduct the air service within the country.
Besides, it also provides services to the neighboring countries like
Nepal, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Sri Lanka, Myanmar
and Maldives whereas Air India provides its services to the
foreign locations.
In 1981, a corporation named ‘Vayudoot‘ was established for the
domestic flights which provide the services to inaccessible
regions or to those regions where the services of Indian Airlines
could not reach. After some time, it has been merged with the
Indian Airlines.