Translation: Introduction
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This document introduces some basic concepts about language and translation. It defines language as a means of communication that allows people to express ideas, thoughts and feelings. Translation is described as delivering an equivalent meaning, voice and experience when conveying ideas from one language to another. An analogy is provided that imagines languages as different transportation lines that ideas must switch between at certain stops, with translation being this process of switching lines while maintaining key requirements. Some challenges of translation are noted, including finding the right strategies to overcome equivalence issues and balancing accuracy to the original text with creating a natural feeling translation.
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This document discusses communication skills and their importance for careers and personal lives. It identifies four key aspects of vocal communication: body language, emotions, intonations, and gestures. Body language conveys feelings and intentions through posture, facial expressions, and hand gestures. Emotions can be effectively communicated through awareness of communication strategies and emotional intelligence. Intonation uses the rise and fall of a speaker's voice to communicate different types of meanings. Gestures are forms of non-verbal communication that use visible bodily movements to convey messages alongside or in place of speech.
Discourse analysis
Discourse analysis examines language use in context. It looks at both spoken and written language beyond the sentence level. Discourse is a social interaction between speakers, while a text is simply a written message. Discourse analysis uses tools like cohesion, coherence, background knowledge, and conversation analysis to interpret meaning. It considers aspects like anaphoric references, speech events, and Grice's cooperative principle to understand what a speaker intends to communicate. Discourse analysis is useful for interpreting meaning from both grammatical and ungrammatical language use.
Communicative approach
The document discusses the communicative language teaching (CLT) approach. Some key points include:
- CLT focuses on providing learners with opportunities to use language for meaningful purposes rather than just studying its structure.
- Developing both fluency and accuracy in a language is important. Errors are seen as a natural part of the learning process.
- Classroom activities should involve real-world tasks and communication to promote language use.
- The goals are for learners to develop communicative competence, understanding how to use language appropriately in different contexts and for various functions.
English module for intermediate students
This document is an English module submitted for a university course. It contains several units on developing English speaking skills. The module aims to help students speak English more effectively and confidently through activities involving vocabulary building, pronunciation, and engaging in various communication situations. It provides guidance on constructing presentations, agreeing and disagreeing in discussions, and developing oral proficiency.
Business communication & principles
1) Communication involves the exchange of information between a sender and receiver. It can occur through verbal and non-verbal means and requires mutual understanding.
2) Key aspects of the communication process include encoding a message, transmitting it through a channel, decoding it, and providing feedback. Non-verbal cues also significantly impact communication.
3) Effective communication principles include being complete, concise, considerate of the receiver, concrete, clear, courteous, and correct. Listening is also an important skill that requires focus and understanding different perspectives.
UNIT 5.ppt
Communicating effectively is the most important soft skill. It involves clearly conveying messages to others as a two-way process of both sending and receiving information. To communicate a message successfully, one must effectively encode the message, choose an appropriate channel to transmit it through, and ensure the receiver can properly decode and understand the intended meaning. Effective communication requires skills from both the sender and receiver at each stage of the process.
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Translation: Introduction
- 1. Introduction Noha Ali – TED Translators Mentor TED Translators Mentoring Program – Feb 2020
- 2. What is a language? Simply, a language is a means of communication. We communicate ideas, thoughts, and feelings by expressing them in some language. (spoken/written/gestured) Then comes the next question:
- 3. What is translation? Because languages differ in their characteristics, they express ideas, thoughts, and feelings in different ways. Equivalence is the essence of translation; this is to deliver an equivalent meaning, equivalent voice, and equivalent experience.
- 4. Imagine If we imagine our brains as the home of ideas. Then languages are transportation between homes. And because one transportation line does not go everywhere, ideas switch lines at certain stops.
- 5. Imagine This switching is translation. But when you switch lines, you have to be aware of some requirements: capacity, speed, facilities, etc. The same thing goes for translation.
- 6. Translation Strategies In translation, you encounter equivalence challenges. You overcome these by strategies. We will learn these strategies together during practice.
- 7. The Dilemma A big dilemma you should be aware of is the conflict between Accuracy and Naturalness. You need to keep devoted to the original text and keep the accurate meanings, while at the same time maintain your translated text feeling natural and fluent.
- 8. Please share with me your thoughts about this intro.
- 9. “Basic Terminoligy” Stay tuned for our next part.