There are eight translation methods that are used the most.

1. Student: Aura Villa
Teacher: Gonzalo Puma

2. EIGHT TYPES OF TRANSLATION:
1. Word for word translation:
 The SL word-order is preserved and the words
translated individually by their most common
meanings, out of context.
 Cultural words are translated literally.
 The main use of this method is to understand the
mechanics of the source language or to construe a
difficult text as a pre-translation process.
2. Literal translation:
 The SL grammatical constructions are converted to
their nearest TL equivalents.
 Lexical items are translated individually out of context.

3. 3. Faithfull translation:
 It attempts to reproduce the precise contextual meaning of
the original text.
 It transfers cultural words and preserves the degree of
grammatical and lexical abnormality in the translation.
 In conclusion its goal is to be completely faithful to the
intentions of the SL writer.
4. Semantic translation:
 It takes more account of the aesthetic value ( beautiful and
natural sounds of the texts).
 It may translate less important cultural words, but not by
cultural equivalents.
 It is a flexible, admits the creative exception to 100%
fidelity and allows for the translator´s intuitive empathy
with the original.

4. 5. Adaptation:
 It is the freest form of translation.
 It is used mainly for plays ( comedy and poetry)
 The SL culture converted to the TL culture and the text
rewritten.
6. Free Translation:
 It reproduces the matter without the manner, or the
content without the form of the original.
 It is a paraphrase much longer than the original (
intralingual translation).

5. 7. Idiomatic translation:
 It reproduces the message of the original but tends to
distort nuance of meaning by preferring
colloquialisms and idioms.
8. Communicative translation:
 It attempts to render the exact contextual meaning of
the original in such a way that both content and
language are readily acceptable and comprehensible to
the readership.

6. Other methods:
 1. Service Translation: It translates from one´s
language of habitual use into another language.
 2. Plain prose translation: The reader can appreciate
the sense of the work without experiencing equivalent
effect.
 3. Information translation: It convers all the
information is a non-hierary text.
 4. Cognitive translation: It reproduces the information
in a SL real converting the SL grammar to its normal
TL transpositions.
 5. Academic translation: It reduces an original SL text
to an elegant idiomatic educated TL version.