This document outlines the policy making process and different types of policies. It discusses the six steps of the policy process: 1) identification, 2) formation, 3) adoption, 4) legitimation, 5) implementation, and 6) evaluation. It also describes four main types of policies: distributive, regulatory, redistributive, and symbolic. Students are instructed to identify a problem in their local community, research how to address it through policy, and propose how to evaluate the policy's effectiveness.
Research methodology for behavioral researchrip1971
The document provides an overview of research methodology for behavioral research. It aims to introduce research methodology and multivariate data analysis to new Ph.D. students. Topics covered include conceptualization, measurement, research design, multivariate analysis, and structural equation modeling. The goal is to provide hands-on experience with techniques like LISREL for analyzing behavioral research questions.
EXTENSION POLICY: LESSONS FROM MEAS EXPERIENCEAFAAS
This document summarizes a presentation on lessons learned from recent extension policy experiences. It discusses the importance of defining extension policy, ensuring policy alignment between agricultural and extension policies, and engaging private stakeholders in the policy process. It also notes key questions around policy implementation, evaluation, and linking policy to improved extension effectiveness. The presentation aims to facilitate discussion on developing effective, sustainable extension policies that improve people's lives.
Research is defined as a systematic and scientific process to answer questions about facts and the relationship between facts. It is an activity involved in seeking answers to unanswered questions.
by Mr. Javaid Ahmad Mir
Mass media incorporates all mediums through which information is distributed to the masses. It is categorized into 7 branches introduced over time - print, recorded music, films, radio, television, newspapers, and the internet and mobile. Mass media aims to attract the largest possible audience. It functions to inform, build consensus, entertain, advertise, and promote development. While it can reach many people quickly and at low cost, it also has disadvantages like being difficult to make local or lacking feedback. Mass media plays a vital role in agriculture by communicating information to farmers. It includes newspapers, magazines, television programs, films, and now increasingly the internet and mobile phones.
Policy development is crucial part in policy process. This presentation will help to understand more and get some tips from my experience in health policy development, synthesized with theories from WHO and US-CDC materials
Governance and leadership can be used as tools for quality enhancement in healthcare. Effective governance includes engaging stakeholders, establishing shared objectives, and practicing prioritized decision-making. Leadership is key to improving outcomes through resource allocation and prioritizing initiatives. Quality management infrastructure is also important, with processes for quality planning, control, and continuous improvement. This includes identifying issues, analyzing problems, testing changes through PDSA cycles, and ensuring social accountability mechanisms for public feedback. Together, good governance, leadership, and quality management can enhance access to safe, effective, and equitable healthcare.
The document discusses participatory extension methods. It outlines advantages like efficiency, effectiveness, self-reliance, coverage and sustainability. The basic elements of participatory extension are identified as problem identification, problem analysis, objectives and methodology. Key aspects of problem analysis covered are village introductory meetings, problem trees, identifying causes and effects of priority problems. Several participatory approaches, tools and techniques are also summarized.
This document outlines the policy making process and different types of policies. It discusses the six steps of the policy process: 1) identification, 2) formation, 3) adoption, 4) legitimation, 5) implementation, and 6) evaluation. It also describes four main types of policies: distributive, regulatory, redistributive, and symbolic. Students are instructed to identify a problem in their local community, research how to address it through policy, and propose how to evaluate the policy's effectiveness.
Research methodology for behavioral researchrip1971
The document provides an overview of research methodology for behavioral research. It aims to introduce research methodology and multivariate data analysis to new Ph.D. students. Topics covered include conceptualization, measurement, research design, multivariate analysis, and structural equation modeling. The goal is to provide hands-on experience with techniques like LISREL for analyzing behavioral research questions.
EXTENSION POLICY: LESSONS FROM MEAS EXPERIENCEAFAAS
This document summarizes a presentation on lessons learned from recent extension policy experiences. It discusses the importance of defining extension policy, ensuring policy alignment between agricultural and extension policies, and engaging private stakeholders in the policy process. It also notes key questions around policy implementation, evaluation, and linking policy to improved extension effectiveness. The presentation aims to facilitate discussion on developing effective, sustainable extension policies that improve people's lives.
Research is defined as a systematic and scientific process to answer questions about facts and the relationship between facts. It is an activity involved in seeking answers to unanswered questions.
by Mr. Javaid Ahmad Mir
Mass media incorporates all mediums through which information is distributed to the masses. It is categorized into 7 branches introduced over time - print, recorded music, films, radio, television, newspapers, and the internet and mobile. Mass media aims to attract the largest possible audience. It functions to inform, build consensus, entertain, advertise, and promote development. While it can reach many people quickly and at low cost, it also has disadvantages like being difficult to make local or lacking feedback. Mass media plays a vital role in agriculture by communicating information to farmers. It includes newspapers, magazines, television programs, films, and now increasingly the internet and mobile phones.
Policy development is crucial part in policy process. This presentation will help to understand more and get some tips from my experience in health policy development, synthesized with theories from WHO and US-CDC materials
Governance and leadership can be used as tools for quality enhancement in healthcare. Effective governance includes engaging stakeholders, establishing shared objectives, and practicing prioritized decision-making. Leadership is key to improving outcomes through resource allocation and prioritizing initiatives. Quality management infrastructure is also important, with processes for quality planning, control, and continuous improvement. This includes identifying issues, analyzing problems, testing changes through PDSA cycles, and ensuring social accountability mechanisms for public feedback. Together, good governance, leadership, and quality management can enhance access to safe, effective, and equitable healthcare.
The document discusses participatory extension methods. It outlines advantages like efficiency, effectiveness, self-reliance, coverage and sustainability. The basic elements of participatory extension are identified as problem identification, problem analysis, objectives and methodology. Key aspects of problem analysis covered are village introductory meetings, problem trees, identifying causes and effects of priority problems. Several participatory approaches, tools and techniques are also summarized.
Sampling is selecting a subset of a population to make inferences about the whole population. There are different sampling methods like random sampling, stratified sampling, cluster sampling, and systematic sampling. Non-probability sampling methods include convenience sampling, quota sampling, and judgmental sampling. Sampling errors can occur and be either biased errors due to the sampling technique or random sampling errors due to elements included or excluded from the sample. Non-sampling errors are also possible due to issues in the sampling operations or responses.
MEASURE Evaluation presented resources at a USAID meeting in Malawi. Their results framework focused on strengthening health data collection and use, improving health information system management, and increasing evaluation capacity. They highlighted several resources including skills for health information and systems, an indicator toolkit for child and household well-being, evaluation and learning capabilities, support for health information system strengthening to achieve PEPFAR results, a learning agenda for demonstrating health information system strengthening, and gender sensitive approaches including a youth assessment method. MEASURE Evaluation is funded by USAID to work with various partners to strengthen health information systems.
This document discusses theory of change and its importance for evaluation. It begins by introducing theory of change and explaining that it is a process for exploring how change happens in a particular context. It then discusses building a theory of change by defining a program, its outcomes and intermediate steps, and identifying assumptions. The document explains that theory of change is important for evaluators to consider process and for programmers to be results-oriented. It also notes a common criticism is that theory of change can oversimplify programs.
The document discusses theories in behavior science research. It defines theory as an explanation for how things work together that can make predictions. A good theory can be tested and either supported or discarded based on the evidence. The major goal of science is to generate and verify theories, as theories predict and explain natural phenomena. The document provides examples of theories like Marx's theory and Freud's theory. It distinguishes theories from hypotheses, noting that a proven hypothesis becomes a theory. It outlines several functions and roles of theories in research, such as guiding research, classifying concepts, summarizing knowledge, and predicting facts. The document also discusses deductive, inductive, and adaptive approaches to relating theory and research. Finally, it outlines several characteristics of
This document discusses research design, which is the plan or blueprint for how a research study will be conducted. It outlines key components of research design including sampling design, observational design, statistical design, and operational design. Some important concepts discussed are dependent and independent variables, extraneous variables, experimental and control groups, and treatments. Different types of research designs are covered for exploratory research, descriptive/diagnostic research, and hypothesis-testing research. Research design aims to allow for relevant and economical collection and analysis of data to address the research problem.
Components in qualitative research proposal Three aspects of qualitative wri...Nidhin Chandrasekharan
Three aspects of qualitative writing- Practice, Genre and Audience.
Components in qualitative research proposal,-
Problem Statement , Focus of Inquiry , Research Design, Methods, Sample (Data collection methods ) , Data Analysis Procedures , Reporting the Outcomes , References, Appendix
The document discusses the role of theory in research. It defines theory as an attempt to generally explain phenomena and notes there are three ways theory can be used in research: as a paradigm, lens, or for generating new knowledge. Theory as a paradigm refers to the philosophical assumptions that guide a study. As a lens, existing theories can provide models to explain topics. Emerging theory from a study contributes new knowledge. The document also discusses inductive and deductive reasoning in theory development, characteristics of strong theory, and factors to consider when choosing a theory.
This document outlines the steps for formulating a research problem:
1. Select a broad research area from literature and personal experience.
2. Review literature and theories to understand what has been done and how the research could expand knowledge or test theories.
3. Delimit the topic to a more specific research problem.
4. Evaluate the problem for significance, researchability, and feasibility considering factors like time, cost, and ethics.
5. Formulate a final statement of the research problem that is clear, concise, and measurable.
This document provides a framework for integrating gender into livestock projects and programs. It outlines 6 key components: 1) problem and context analysis, 2) identifying priorities and setting goals and objectives, 3) research and development, 4) work plan and staffing, 5) gender strategy, and 6) budget and monitoring and evaluation. The framework is designed to ensure gender is systematically mainstreamed throughout the project cycle from analysis and planning through implementation and evaluation.
This document discusses planning research and provides guidance on various aspects of the research process. It addresses why research is conducted, what constitutes research, and how to choose a research area. Key stages in the research mix like purpose, population, procedure and publication are outlined. Tools for planning research like mind maps are presented, as are frameworks for identifying risks and structuring a research project. The document offers advice on effectively scoping, structuring and managing the research process from start to finish.
The document provides information on project formulation and management. It defines what constitutes a project, outlines key project characteristics such as having a unique purpose and being temporary. It also discusses the importance of project management, noting that it enables systematic planning and helps ensure projects are completed on time and within budget. The document emphasizes that project managers must balance project scope, time and cost while also ensuring quality. It provides an overview of the typical project life cycle and elements to include in a strong project proposal, such as the problem statement, objectives, implementation plan and budget.
The document discusses models and theories of public policy including elite theory, group theory, and rational choice theory. It outlines the policy process model involving problem definition, agenda setting, policy formulation, legitimation, implementation, and evaluation. Key aspects of the policy process model are problem definition, agenda setting, policy formulation, implementation which involves agencies making law, and evaluation and potential policy change. Oversight of agencies occurs through administrative procedures, economic analysis, and congressional and presidential oversight.
FGD as a method of data collection.jan 15Devi Prasad
The document discusses focus groups as a method of data collection in social science research. It describes how focus groups have increased in popularity in social research and development work in the last two decades. The key features of focus groups are discussed, including having 6-10 participants, a facilitator, and systematic analysis of generated data. The stages of focus group discussions and how to design and conduct them are also outlined. Both the capabilities and limitations of focus groups as a research method are reviewed.
This document discusses business policies and provides definitions and principles of sound business policies. It defines policies as general statements that guide decision-making and action in an organization. A sound business policy should be flexible, easily understandable, precise and written, consistent, fair and equitable, practicable, stable, and reviewed periodically. There are different levels of policies, including basic/top management policies, middle management policies, departmental policies, written and verbal policies, implied policies, and functional policies. An organization can compile all written policies into a policy manual for easy reference and implementation review.
The document discusses key aspects of research methodology including defining research as investigating topics to answer questions. It explains that research methodology involves systematic approaches using various methods to gather and analyze data to answer research questions. Some important elements of research methodology discussed are research design, quantitative and qualitative research methods, sampling techniques, data collection and analysis methods, validity and reliability, research reporting, and ethical considerations.
This document discusses key concepts related to sampling design and procedures. It defines important terms like population, census, and sample. It then outlines the 5 main steps in the sample design process: 1) defining the target population, 2) determining the sampling frame, 3) selecting a sampling technique, 4) determining the sample size, and 5) executing the sampling process. It also discusses probability and non-probability sampling techniques and when each is most appropriate to use.
Ngoni Munemo
Presented at 'Moving Forward with Pro-poor Reconstruction in Zimbabwe' International Conference, Harare, Zimbabwe, (25 and 26 August 2009)
This document discusses needs assessments and participatory approaches such as participatory rural appraisal (PRA) and rapid rural appraisal (RRA). It defines a needs assessment as a systematic process of gathering information to improve human conditions. Key aspects of needs assessments include identifying normative, perceived, expressed, and relative needs. PRA and RRA are participatory approaches that emerged in the 1970s/80s to gather local knowledge and assess rural conditions through flexible techniques like mapping, interviews, and discussions with local communities.
This document discusses the role of research in policy making. It begins by outlining the policy formulation process and explaining the difference between experience-based and evidence-based policy making. It then defines policy research, describing its pragmatic and action-oriented nature. The document identifies different types of policy research and their uses in the policy making process. It also examines problems with linking research to policy, such as ensuring relevance and accessibility of research. Finally, it concludes that cooperation between researchers and policy makers is needed to understand needs and improve communication of research for evidence-based policy.
Un grupo de maestras y estudiantes proponen mejorar el parque infantil de su escuela mediante el uso de llantas de carro. Sus objetivos son fomentar el trabajo en equipo, enseñar a los niños a cuidar el lugar donde juegan y aprender que la tecnología incluye herramientas para transformar la vida. El proyecto involucra identificar recursos, investigar usos de llantas, pedir colaboración y construir objetos decorativos para el parque infantil utilizando llantas, pintura y herramientas
Sampling is selecting a subset of a population to make inferences about the whole population. There are different sampling methods like random sampling, stratified sampling, cluster sampling, and systematic sampling. Non-probability sampling methods include convenience sampling, quota sampling, and judgmental sampling. Sampling errors can occur and be either biased errors due to the sampling technique or random sampling errors due to elements included or excluded from the sample. Non-sampling errors are also possible due to issues in the sampling operations or responses.
MEASURE Evaluation presented resources at a USAID meeting in Malawi. Their results framework focused on strengthening health data collection and use, improving health information system management, and increasing evaluation capacity. They highlighted several resources including skills for health information and systems, an indicator toolkit for child and household well-being, evaluation and learning capabilities, support for health information system strengthening to achieve PEPFAR results, a learning agenda for demonstrating health information system strengthening, and gender sensitive approaches including a youth assessment method. MEASURE Evaluation is funded by USAID to work with various partners to strengthen health information systems.
This document discusses theory of change and its importance for evaluation. It begins by introducing theory of change and explaining that it is a process for exploring how change happens in a particular context. It then discusses building a theory of change by defining a program, its outcomes and intermediate steps, and identifying assumptions. The document explains that theory of change is important for evaluators to consider process and for programmers to be results-oriented. It also notes a common criticism is that theory of change can oversimplify programs.
The document discusses theories in behavior science research. It defines theory as an explanation for how things work together that can make predictions. A good theory can be tested and either supported or discarded based on the evidence. The major goal of science is to generate and verify theories, as theories predict and explain natural phenomena. The document provides examples of theories like Marx's theory and Freud's theory. It distinguishes theories from hypotheses, noting that a proven hypothesis becomes a theory. It outlines several functions and roles of theories in research, such as guiding research, classifying concepts, summarizing knowledge, and predicting facts. The document also discusses deductive, inductive, and adaptive approaches to relating theory and research. Finally, it outlines several characteristics of
This document discusses research design, which is the plan or blueprint for how a research study will be conducted. It outlines key components of research design including sampling design, observational design, statistical design, and operational design. Some important concepts discussed are dependent and independent variables, extraneous variables, experimental and control groups, and treatments. Different types of research designs are covered for exploratory research, descriptive/diagnostic research, and hypothesis-testing research. Research design aims to allow for relevant and economical collection and analysis of data to address the research problem.
Components in qualitative research proposal Three aspects of qualitative wri...Nidhin Chandrasekharan
Three aspects of qualitative writing- Practice, Genre and Audience.
Components in qualitative research proposal,-
Problem Statement , Focus of Inquiry , Research Design, Methods, Sample (Data collection methods ) , Data Analysis Procedures , Reporting the Outcomes , References, Appendix
The document discusses the role of theory in research. It defines theory as an attempt to generally explain phenomena and notes there are three ways theory can be used in research: as a paradigm, lens, or for generating new knowledge. Theory as a paradigm refers to the philosophical assumptions that guide a study. As a lens, existing theories can provide models to explain topics. Emerging theory from a study contributes new knowledge. The document also discusses inductive and deductive reasoning in theory development, characteristics of strong theory, and factors to consider when choosing a theory.
This document outlines the steps for formulating a research problem:
1. Select a broad research area from literature and personal experience.
2. Review literature and theories to understand what has been done and how the research could expand knowledge or test theories.
3. Delimit the topic to a more specific research problem.
4. Evaluate the problem for significance, researchability, and feasibility considering factors like time, cost, and ethics.
5. Formulate a final statement of the research problem that is clear, concise, and measurable.
This document provides a framework for integrating gender into livestock projects and programs. It outlines 6 key components: 1) problem and context analysis, 2) identifying priorities and setting goals and objectives, 3) research and development, 4) work plan and staffing, 5) gender strategy, and 6) budget and monitoring and evaluation. The framework is designed to ensure gender is systematically mainstreamed throughout the project cycle from analysis and planning through implementation and evaluation.
This document discusses planning research and provides guidance on various aspects of the research process. It addresses why research is conducted, what constitutes research, and how to choose a research area. Key stages in the research mix like purpose, population, procedure and publication are outlined. Tools for planning research like mind maps are presented, as are frameworks for identifying risks and structuring a research project. The document offers advice on effectively scoping, structuring and managing the research process from start to finish.
The document provides information on project formulation and management. It defines what constitutes a project, outlines key project characteristics such as having a unique purpose and being temporary. It also discusses the importance of project management, noting that it enables systematic planning and helps ensure projects are completed on time and within budget. The document emphasizes that project managers must balance project scope, time and cost while also ensuring quality. It provides an overview of the typical project life cycle and elements to include in a strong project proposal, such as the problem statement, objectives, implementation plan and budget.
The document discusses models and theories of public policy including elite theory, group theory, and rational choice theory. It outlines the policy process model involving problem definition, agenda setting, policy formulation, legitimation, implementation, and evaluation. Key aspects of the policy process model are problem definition, agenda setting, policy formulation, implementation which involves agencies making law, and evaluation and potential policy change. Oversight of agencies occurs through administrative procedures, economic analysis, and congressional and presidential oversight.
FGD as a method of data collection.jan 15Devi Prasad
The document discusses focus groups as a method of data collection in social science research. It describes how focus groups have increased in popularity in social research and development work in the last two decades. The key features of focus groups are discussed, including having 6-10 participants, a facilitator, and systematic analysis of generated data. The stages of focus group discussions and how to design and conduct them are also outlined. Both the capabilities and limitations of focus groups as a research method are reviewed.
This document discusses business policies and provides definitions and principles of sound business policies. It defines policies as general statements that guide decision-making and action in an organization. A sound business policy should be flexible, easily understandable, precise and written, consistent, fair and equitable, practicable, stable, and reviewed periodically. There are different levels of policies, including basic/top management policies, middle management policies, departmental policies, written and verbal policies, implied policies, and functional policies. An organization can compile all written policies into a policy manual for easy reference and implementation review.
The document discusses key aspects of research methodology including defining research as investigating topics to answer questions. It explains that research methodology involves systematic approaches using various methods to gather and analyze data to answer research questions. Some important elements of research methodology discussed are research design, quantitative and qualitative research methods, sampling techniques, data collection and analysis methods, validity and reliability, research reporting, and ethical considerations.
This document discusses key concepts related to sampling design and procedures. It defines important terms like population, census, and sample. It then outlines the 5 main steps in the sample design process: 1) defining the target population, 2) determining the sampling frame, 3) selecting a sampling technique, 4) determining the sample size, and 5) executing the sampling process. It also discusses probability and non-probability sampling techniques and when each is most appropriate to use.
Ngoni Munemo
Presented at 'Moving Forward with Pro-poor Reconstruction in Zimbabwe' International Conference, Harare, Zimbabwe, (25 and 26 August 2009)
This document discusses needs assessments and participatory approaches such as participatory rural appraisal (PRA) and rapid rural appraisal (RRA). It defines a needs assessment as a systematic process of gathering information to improve human conditions. Key aspects of needs assessments include identifying normative, perceived, expressed, and relative needs. PRA and RRA are participatory approaches that emerged in the 1970s/80s to gather local knowledge and assess rural conditions through flexible techniques like mapping, interviews, and discussions with local communities.
This document discusses the role of research in policy making. It begins by outlining the policy formulation process and explaining the difference between experience-based and evidence-based policy making. It then defines policy research, describing its pragmatic and action-oriented nature. The document identifies different types of policy research and their uses in the policy making process. It also examines problems with linking research to policy, such as ensuring relevance and accessibility of research. Finally, it concludes that cooperation between researchers and policy makers is needed to understand needs and improve communication of research for evidence-based policy.
Un grupo de maestras y estudiantes proponen mejorar el parque infantil de su escuela mediante el uso de llantas de carro. Sus objetivos son fomentar el trabajo en equipo, enseñar a los niños a cuidar el lugar donde juegan y aprender que la tecnología incluye herramientas para transformar la vida. El proyecto involucra identificar recursos, investigar usos de llantas, pedir colaboración y construir objetos decorativos para el parque infantil utilizando llantas, pintura y herramientas
This document summarizes a journal article on bioclimatic comfort and thermal perceptions of beach tourists. The article studied how beach tourists perceive and prefer different outdoor thermal conditions compared to local urban residents. It found that comfort levels and preferences can differ in non-urban beach environments versus urban areas, and between tourists and residents. Assessing thermal comfort is important for coastal tourism destinations which depend on favorable beach climates.
Asia se ubica principalmente entre la línea ecuatorial y los 77° de latitud norte, con una superficie de 44'020,000 km2. Limita al norte con el Océano Ártico, al sur con el Océano Índico, al este con el Océano Pacífico y al oeste con Europa. Presenta varias penínsulas, mares, islas, sistemas orográficos como los Himalayas, mesetas como la de Pamir y Tibete, llanuras como la de Siberia, y desiertos como el de Gobi.
The 4-year C-FISH initiative aims to improve management of 15 no-take marine protected areas (MPAs) across 6 Caribbean countries to promote sustainable livelihoods and increase coastal resilience to climate change. Funded by UKAID, it is implemented by CARIBSAVE and supports MPA management through capacity building, alternative livelihood programs, research, and communication. Key objectives include facilitating stakeholder participation, monitoring effectiveness, and raising awareness of MPAs' environmental, social and economic benefits in the Caribbean.
Sistemas de Información en una organización francisco19819
Es una actividad que se mando a realizar en la materia de informática1 en el Instituto Universitario de Profesiones Gerenciales IUPG en el 7mo periodo del año 2012 turno sabatino sede sabana grande
This document discusses a non-invasive approach to treating chronic back and neck pain called spinal decompression. It is presented by Dr. Eric Kaplan, who has over 35 years of experience treating disc injuries. The 5-step method involves 1) spinal decompression to reduce pressure on discs and nerves, 2) physiotherapy like laser and EMS, 3) mobilization to restore spine movement, 4) nutrition, and 5) rehab exercises. Spinal decompression uses traction to create negative pressure and pump fluid into discs to reduce bulges and heal discs from within. It is shown to significantly improve pain for herniated and degenerated discs with high success rates and no risks of surgery.
This document provides an outline for a presentation on directed evolution. It discusses the process of directed evolution, which involves randomly introducing mutations at the genetic level followed by selection of variants with desired protein characteristics. The document also covers types of mutations, naturally evolutionary processes like random mutagenesis and gene recombination that directed evolution mimics, library size, selection and screening strategies, applications, and advantages of directed evolution over rational design.
This training was co-organized by SARD-SC and ANRLD of the Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research for women farmers drawn from four regions of Ethiopia, vis. Oromia, Tigray, Amhara and Southern.
This document discusses influencing policy and practice through health policy and systems research (HPSR). It presents different perspectives on whether researchers should actively seek to influence policy, as well as models of how research can influence policy, including through direct, indirect, or symbolic means. It also examines barriers between research and its use in policy and practice, such as lack of engagement between researchers and policymakers. The document provides guidance on considering stakeholder engagement, capacity building, and communication when planning research projects to better support policy influence. It emphasizes the importance of networks in bridging researchers and policymakers.
The failure of researchers to link evidence to policy and practice produces evidence that no one uses, impedes innovation, and leads to mediocre or even detrimental development policies. To help improve the definition, design, and implementation of policy research, researchers should adopt a strategic outcome-oriented approach.
The volume of research greatly exceeds its application in practice. Researchers must pay greater attention to the production of their research findings in a flexible range of formats in recognition of the varied needs of consumers.
The following resource was developed by RESYST for a research uptake workshop held in Kilifi, Kenya.
In this resource:
- Understand the importance of strategic planning for research uptake
- Familiarise key aspects of a research uptake strategy
- Develop research uptake objectives for your research group, project, hub or an event
- Identify key stakeholders using stakeholder analysis techniques
- Review communications channels, outputs and activities
- Explore indicators and tools for monitoring and evaluation
- Key questions to consider in a research uptake strategy
Find more: http://resyst.lshtm.ac.uk/resources/resource-bank-research-uptake
The document discusses research methodology. It defines methodology as the systematic process used to solve a research problem. It lists the key parts of methodology as the research design, sample size determination, sampling techniques, subjects, research instruments, validation of instruments, data gathering procedures, data processing methods, and statistical treatment. It explains the importance of methodology to customers, business partners, suppliers, and professionals. It also outlines some key characteristics of methodology such as rationale, aims, description, and tips for determining sample size.
The document summarizes the Health Policy Research Group's (HPRG) experiences getting research into policy and practice in Nigeria. It identifies four models or strategies used by HPRG: 1) Policymakers seeking evidence from researchers, 2) Involving stakeholders throughout the research process, 3) Facilitating engagement between researchers and policymakers, and 4) Active dissemination of findings. Interviews with stakeholders found that approaches involving collaboration and active dissemination were most effective at influencing policy. Key enablers included policymaker willingness to consider research findings even if they contradicted existing policies.
The document summarizes the experiences of the Health Policy Research Group (HPRG) in Nigeria in seeking to bridge the gap between researchers and policymakers. It outlines four models that emerged from HPRG's work: 1) policymakers seeking evidence from researchers, 2) involving stakeholders throughout the research process, 3) facilitating engagement between researchers and policymakers, and 4) actively disseminating research findings. It also discusses enabling factors like trust and credibility, and challenges such as lack of policymaker capacity and political influences. The conclusion is that context-specific strategies are needed to educate policymakers and influence domestic policies using research.
The document discusses research dissemination presented by Group 11 members. It provides broad and specific objectives of the presentation, which are to describe the research dissemination process and related terms, types of research dissemination, components and planning of disseminating research, as well as the importance and methods. It defines key terms like research and dissemination, and describes the types, components, principles, problems and solutions of research dissemination.
Policy process presn-12feb13- rebecca hanlin [compatibility mode]The Scinnovent Centre
Presentation by Dr. Rebecca Hanlin of The Open University UK, on getting knowledge into policy, during the training on The Art of Influencing Policy Change: tools and strategies for researcher, held by The Scinnovent Centre on 12th -14th February 2013 in Nairobi
Laura Eyre and Martin Marshall: Researchers in residence Nuffield Trust
Laura Eyre, Research Associate and Martin Marshall, Professor of Healthcare Improvement at UCL give an inside perspective on moving improvement research closer to practice.
Acceptable Methods in Action Researc.docxannetnash8266
Acceptable Methods in Action
Research
Schools of Public Service Leadership and Nursing and Health Sciences
Version 1.1 Effective January 2015
Capella University
225 South Sixth Street, Ninth Floor
Minneapolis, MN 55402
PSL/NHS ACCEPTABLE METHODS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Table of Contents .................................................................................................... 3
Action Research Acceptable Methods and Research Designs ................................... 4
Action Research is an Approach ................................................................................... 5
Qualitative Methods .................................................................................................... 5
Quantitative Methods .................................................................................................. 7
Mixed Methods ........................................................................................................... 8
References ................................................................................................................ 9
3
PSL/NHS ACCEPTABLE METHODS
ACTION RESEARCH ACCEPTABLE METHODS AND RESEARCH
DESIGNS
The overarching goal of Action Research (AR) is to collaborate with stakeholders and
participants in an effort to empower and effect social change. AR can be considered a
continuum ranging from appreciative inquiry to pure participatory research: appreciative
and cooperative inquiry (Heron, 1996; Reason & Rowan, 1981, Stowell & West, 1991,
Torbert, 1976, 2004), action research or action science (Argyris, 1970, 1980, 1994; Argyris,
Putnam, & Smith, 1985), participatory action research (Freire, 1970), and participatory
research (Lewin,1958). The common factor is that the participants or subjects are directly
involved in the research activities and the project solves a practice or problem that impacts
the participants (Springer, 2007).
Appreciative Action Participatory Participatory
Inquiry Research Action Research Research
Research Mutually Question Question generated Community generates and
Process generated
generated by the by the community. is in control of the process
question organization. Research process
Research controlled by
controlled and researcher
conducted by
researcher
Degree of Group Researcher asks High High
Participation process. for participation
Authentic
as needed
dialogue
Knowledge For practice Problem-solving Transform and Transformational
Generation improvement advance scientific
knowledge
Knowledge Advance Improve system. Community action. Social action.
Utilization practice. Self-
Advance
determination knowledge
Advance Development of critical
knowledge. consciousness.
Power Shared Held by Shared
Egalitarian
researcher
Outcomes Improvement
Solution
to Empowerment. Empowerment
of shared organizational Generation of community
of
practice problem. .
This document discusses various aspects of effectively communicating research to influence policy processes. It begins by outlining different theories on how evidence informs policy, noting the complexity of real-world policymaking. It then provides practical considerations for researchers, such as identifying the target policymaking process and understanding differing notions of evidence between researchers and policymakers. The document also discusses disseminating and communicating research through various means like policy briefs and targeting communications effectively to different audiences. It concludes by emphasizing the importance of analyzing target audiences and using preferred communication formats and channels to share research findings.
Impact Evaluation for Policy Making_Promoting Uptake of Impact Evaluation Fin...thinktankinitiative
3ie funds high-quality impact evaluations that are policy-relevant and useful for decision-making. 3ie has learned that researchers must engage stakeholders early and throughout the process to increase the likelihood of findings being taken up and used. 3ie now requires researchers to develop policy influence plans and engage in ongoing discussions with implementing agencies to ensure studies answer relevant questions and produce feasible recommendations. While impact evaluations can provide compelling evidence, uptake is a political process and single studies rarely drive major policy changes.
This document summarizes a workshop on conducting high impact research. The workshop objectives were to provide a framework for linking research to policy and program needs, guidance on applying research to facilitate use of results, and hands-on experience. The context of increasing health issues and need for evidence-based policies was discussed. Breakdowns in using research for decision-making were outlined. The workshop covered placing research in the policy-program continuum, involving stakeholders throughout the research process, developing meaningful research questions, actionable recommendations, and data use plans.
This document discusses challenges in linking research to policymaking and efforts to address this "know-do gap." It describes participatory action research (PAR) as an approach that can help bridge this gap by involving stakeholders like policymakers, citizens, and researchers in jointly understanding problems and designing potential solutions through collaborative and iterative research, action, and reflection. The document suggests that PAR could help policymakers by providing a starting point for deliberations on challenges they face.
This document provides an overview of operations research (OR). It begins with the history and origins of OR, noting it emerged from efforts during WWII and expanded to business/industry post-war. Definitions of OR are presented focusing on using research to identify and solve program problems. The purpose, scope, uses and potential issues of OR are described. Finally, the document outlines the process of OR including planning, implementation, and follow through.
The document provides an introduction to research. It defines research as the careful consideration of studying a particular concern or problem using scientific methods. Research involves both inductive and deductive methods and can analyze observed events or verify observed events. The document discusses the uses of health research including drug approvals, discoveries and policy decisions. It also outlines the characteristics, purpose, types and methods of research including participatory, qualitative, operational and evaluative research.
This document summarizes a workshop on communicating research to policy processes. The workshop aims to:
1) Increase understanding of how research can inform policy and the role of policy briefs.
2) Produce an outline policy brief for each research project to be finalized after the workshop.
3) Build skills in communicating research effectively to maximize its uptake and impact.
Research is important for progress and problem-solving across many fields. It promotes logical thinking and allows for the development of alternative policies and examination of their consequences. Research is necessary for government policymaking by providing analysis of needs, revenues, and economic conditions. It facilitates decision-making by investigating economic structures, diagnosing events, and predicting future developments. Research also helps business with operations, market analysis, sales forecasting, and replacing intuitive decisions with more scientific ones. It provides both practical guidance and intellectual satisfaction for social scientists seeking to understand human interactions and solve social problems. Overall, research is a key source of knowledge and guidelines for addressing issues in business, government, and society.
This document provides an overview of research methodology. It defines research and discusses the objectives and types of research, including fundamental research, applied research, descriptive research, exploratory research, experimental research, diagnostic research, evaluation research, analytical research, historical research, and survey research. It also covers research design, methods of data collection, and potential sources of error in research.
This document summarizes the results of a survey conducted with ASSAR consortium members on their experiences collaborating on research. The key findings were:
- Members found value in learning new methodologies, building relationships with researchers in other institutions, and representing the project. However, working in a large consortium also presented challenges like coordinating between partners and dealing with conflicting priorities.
- Interactions like training workshops, meetings, and fieldwork were most supportive of learning, while online discussions also helped keep members informed. The top highlights were collaborating across disciplines and regions, while the biggest challenges involved setting up the project and difficulties working together.
- Overall, members saw benefits in access to diverse expertise, but difficulties also included high
Adaptation Futures 2016 covered a wide range of topics, from social science research focused on gender, to challenges with policy implementation, to the latest concepts in green urban design.
Many ASSAR members attended this conference as delegates, presenters and workshop leaders. In this Spotlight our team members recount their experiences of the conference and describe the work they presented there.
This presentation explains the findings of a report written by INTASAVE for WWF: Lessons in Climate-Smart policies: A Framework For Integrated Low Carbon Resilient Development.
Who are you trying to influence with your adaptation research? How to reach them and create some genuinely useful, usable information? This lecture was held in the researcher training sessions which are part of the Adapting to Climate Change in China II project. http://www.ccadaptation.org.cn/
Understanding the context in which adaptation will be taking place - Roger St...intasave-caribsavegroup
How to clarify your objectives before creating a climate change adaptation plan. This lecture was held in the researcher training sessions which are part of the Adapting to Climate Change in China II project. http://www.ccadaptation.org.cn/
An introductory lecture on risk-based adaptation and why it is used in the Adapting to Climate Change in China project. http://www.ccadaptation.org.cn/
Establishing the basis for choosing from among alternative adaptation options...intasave-caribsavegroup
How to identify decision-making criteria for your adaptation options. This lecture was held in the researcher training sessions which are part of the Adapting to Climate Change in China II project. http://www.ccadaptation.org.cn/
Does recent land rights transfer support resilient livelihoods and reduce agr...intasave-caribsavegroup
This document examines how recent land rights transfers in China support resilient livelihoods and reduce agricultural greenhouse gas emissions. It discusses how China is promoting larger-scale farming through policies encouraging the transfer of land use rights. Approximately one-third of Chinese farmland is now rented by specialized operators. The study aims to understand how land rights transfers impact climate change mitigation and adaptation by surveying operators and farmers. Preliminary results suggest land rights transfers improve adaptation by promoting new technologies while reducing input costs and greenhouse gas emissions intensity. The findings could inform China's implementation of its commitments under the Paris Agreement.
Vulnerability assessment of heat waves in Guangdong Province, China - Wenjun...intasave-caribsavegroup
Methodology and results from a district-level vulnerability assessment of heat waves and their impacts in Guangdong Province, China. This lecture was held in the researcher training sessions which are part of the Adapting to Climate Change in China II project. http://www.ccadaptation.org.cn/
Climate change, health, and an introduction to epidemiologic methods. This lecture was held in the researcher training sessions which are part of the Adapting to Climate Change in China II project. http://www.ccadaptation.org.cn/
An introduction to some of the health risks associated with climate change. This presentation was part of the provincial researcher workshops conducted as part of the Adapting to Climate Change in China II project.
The document discusses ACCC II and risk-based adaptation planning. It describes workshops over 3 sessions to develop skills and methodologies for risk-based adaptation planning and integrating climate risk into socioeconomic planning. The objective is to produce risk-based approach guidelines that can apply to other sectors. Risk-based adaptation planning enables governments to incorporate climate resilience into development goals by addressing potential climate impacts or opportunities by sector. The document outlines ACCC II's risk-based adaptation planning roadmap and importance of linking adaptation plans to other relevant policy areas like emergency response and land use.
This document discusses a sectoral approach to assessing vulnerability and resilience to climate change in the Caribbean region. It focuses on linking different sectors like water, energy, agriculture, health and more. The approach involves modeling climate impacts on sectors like tourism. It also involves assessing risks, vulnerabilities and adaptive capacities. Workshops bring together stakeholders to develop action plans to increase resilience through a participatory process. The process examines issues across sectors, destinations and countries through collaboration. Breakout groups identify priority issues and stakeholders in each sector. The overall aim is to protect livelihoods, environments and economies in the Caribbean basin.
Climate change is already affecting tourism through changes in environmental resources and travel patterns. Future impacts will be both direct, such as changing weather conditions altering tourism seasons and products, and indirect through economic and policy changes. Tourism is a significant contributor to greenhouse gas emissions and must be part of mitigating climate change through reducing its carbon footprint. However, the industry is not well prepared for the challenges and opportunities of climate change adaptation and mitigation. Knowledge gaps remain in understanding impacts and evaluating current adaptation strategies.
Climate change poses a serious threat to sustainable development in the Caribbean according to observations and projections. The IPCC reports unequivocal warming globally and in the Caribbean, with increasing temperatures, changing rainfall patterns, and rising sea levels. This will have severe consequences for economic activities like tourism and agriculture, infrastructure, livelihoods, and achievement of development goals. Urgent global cooperation is needed to mitigate and help countries adapt to climate change impacts like more intense hurricanes and droughts. The costs of inaction are very high.
CARIBSAVE: A Sectoral Approach to Vulnerability and Resilience. St Lucia Work...intasave-caribsavegroup
The document discusses the CARIBSAVE partnership, which aims to address climate change vulnerabilities in the Caribbean region through a sectoral approach. It notes that tourism is a major contributor to Caribbean economies and is highly vulnerable to climate impacts like rising sea levels and stronger hurricanes. The partnership seeks to enhance resilience and livelihoods by providing research and solutions across key sectors like water, energy, agriculture, health and infrastructure that both climate change and tourism depend on. It also aims to address issues like limited regional data and fragmented work through collaboration across geography and governance.
Climate Change Scenarios for Tourist Destinations in Jamaica: Montego Bay and...intasave-caribsavegroup
This document summarizes Dr. Carol McSweeney's presentation on climate trends and projections for Jamaica. It outlines that observed and model data indicate increases in average temperature, more hot days, and decreases in annual rainfall. Regional climate models provide higher resolution projections of changes in extremes like heavy rainfall. Sea level rise projections range from 0.13-0.56 meters by 2090, and hurricanes may increase in frequency or intensity, though models have coarse resolution. The impacts assessed include effects on health, agriculture, fisheries, biodiversity, flooding and coastal erosion.
CARIBSAVE: A Sectoral Approach to Vulnerability, resilience, and climate chan...intasave-caribsavegroup
- The document summarizes a presentation given by Dr. Murray C. Simpson on CARIBSAVE's sectoral approach to assessing vulnerability and building resilience to climate change in the Caribbean region.
- CARIBSAVE takes an interdisciplinary approach to examine how climate change will impact key sectors like tourism, agriculture, water, and health on the destination scale and evaluates the vulnerability and adaptive capacity.
- A participatory process engages stakeholders through workshops to discuss sector links, complete assessment guides, prioritize issues, and identify initiatives and stakeholders to facilitate cooperation across sectors and regions in developing adaptation strategies.
Optimizing Post Remediation Groundwater Performance with Enhanced Microbiolog...Joshua Orris
Results of geophysics and pneumatic injection pilot tests during 2003 – 2007 yielded significant positive results for injection delivery design and contaminant mass treatment, resulting in permanent shut-down of an existing groundwater Pump & Treat system.
Accessible source areas were subsequently removed (2011) by soil excavation and treated with the placement of Emulsified Vegetable Oil EVO and zero-valent iron ZVI to accelerate treatment of impacted groundwater in overburden and weathered fractured bedrock. Post pilot test and post remediation groundwater monitoring has included analyses of CVOCs, organic fatty acids, dissolved gases and QuantArray® -Chlor to quantify key microorganisms (e.g., Dehalococcoides, Dehalobacter, etc.) and functional genes (e.g., vinyl chloride reductase, methane monooxygenase, etc.) to assess potential for reductive dechlorination and aerobic cometabolism of CVOCs.
In 2022, the first commercial application of MetaArray™ was performed at the site. MetaArray™ utilizes statistical analysis, such as principal component analysis and multivariate analysis to provide evidence that reductive dechlorination is active or even that it is slowing. This creates actionable data allowing users to save money by making important site management decisions earlier.
The results of the MetaArray™ analysis’ support vector machine (SVM) identified groundwater monitoring wells with a 80% confidence that were characterized as either Limited for Reductive Decholorination or had a High Reductive Reduction Dechlorination potential. The results of MetaArray™ will be used to further optimize the site’s post remediation monitoring program for monitored natural attenuation.
RoHS stands for Restriction of Hazardous Substances, which is also known as t...vijaykumar292010
RoHS stands for Restriction of Hazardous Substances, which is also known as the Directive 2002/95/EC. It includes the restrictions for the use of certain hazardous substances in electrical and electronic equipment. RoHS is a WEEE (Waste of Electrical and Electronic Equipment).
Kinetic studies on malachite green dye adsorption from aqueous solutions by A...Open Access Research Paper
Water polluted by dyestuffs compounds is a global threat to health and the environment; accordingly, we prepared a green novel sorbent chemical and Physical system from an algae, chitosan and chitosan nanoparticle and impregnated with algae with chitosan nanocomposite for the sorption of Malachite green dye from water. The algae with chitosan nanocomposite by a simple method and used as a recyclable and effective adsorbent for the removal of malachite green dye from aqueous solutions. Algae, chitosan, chitosan nanoparticle and algae with chitosan nanocomposite were characterized using different physicochemical methods. The functional groups and chemical compounds found in algae, chitosan, chitosan algae, chitosan nanoparticle, and chitosan nanoparticle with algae were identified using FTIR, SEM, and TGADTA/DTG techniques. The optimal adsorption conditions, different dosages, pH and Temperature the amount of algae with chitosan nanocomposite were determined. At optimized conditions and the batch equilibrium studies more than 99% of the dye was removed. The adsorption process data matched well kinetics showed that the reaction order for dye varied with pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order. Furthermore, the maximum adsorption capacity of the algae with chitosan nanocomposite toward malachite green dye reached as high as 15.5mg/g, respectively. Finally, multiple times reusing of algae with chitosan nanocomposite and removing dye from a real wastewater has made it a promising and attractive option for further practical applications.
Evolving Lifecycles with High Resolution Site Characterization (HRSC) and 3-D...Joshua Orris
The incorporation of a 3DCSM and completion of HRSC provided a tool for enhanced, data-driven, decisions to support a change in remediation closure strategies. Currently, an approved pilot study has been obtained to shut-down the remediation systems (ISCO, P&T) and conduct a hydraulic study under non-pumping conditions. A separate micro-biological bench scale treatability study was competed that yielded positive results for an emerging innovative technology. As a result, a field pilot study has commenced with results expected in nine-twelve months. With the results of the hydraulic study, field pilot studies and an updated risk assessment leading site monitoring optimization cost lifecycle savings upwards of $15MM towards an alternatively evolved best available technology remediation closure strategy.
Improving the viability of probiotics by encapsulation methods for developmen...Open Access Research Paper
The popularity of functional foods among scientists and common people has been increasing day by day. Awareness and modernization make the consumer think better regarding food and nutrition. Now a day’s individual knows very well about the relation between food consumption and disease prevalence. Humans have a diversity of microbes in the gut that together form the gut microflora. Probiotics are the health-promoting live microbial cells improve host health through gut and brain connection and fighting against harmful bacteria. Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus are the two bacterial genera which are considered to be probiotic. These good bacteria are facing challenges of viability. There are so many factors such as sensitivity to heat, pH, acidity, osmotic effect, mechanical shear, chemical components, freezing and storage time as well which affects the viability of probiotics in the dairy food matrix as well as in the gut. Multiple efforts have been done in the past and ongoing in present for these beneficial microbial population stability until their destination in the gut. One of a useful technique known as microencapsulation makes the probiotic effective in the diversified conditions and maintain these microbe’s community to the optimum level for achieving targeted benefits. Dairy products are found to be an ideal vehicle for probiotic incorporation. It has been seen that the encapsulated microbial cells show higher viability than the free cells in different processing and storage conditions as well as against bile salts in the gut. They make the food functional when incorporated, without affecting the product sensory characteristics.
16. Introduction
• There are many terms used to describe the
processes by which knowledge generated
through research finds its way to those who need
it – be they practitioners (farmers, engineers,
health workers, community workers) or
policymakers in government and other agencies.
• The terms ‘research communication’, ‘research
dissemination’ and ‘research utilisation’ (or
research into use) are familiar in the university
and development research sectors.
17. Assumptions made by Researchers
• A researcher, on publishing the research findings, assumes that the policy
makers will:
- find the document;
- understand its potential utility for their problem;
- have time to read it;
- be able to understand it;
- be able to extract the appropriate meaning for their problems;
- be able to understand the implications for action with respect to their
problem;
- understand the implications of how the implications for action might interact
with others from other programmes;
- have the ability, willingness time and resources to implement the actions;
- understand how to measure the effects, and have the tools to do so;
- have the ability, willingness time and resources to measure the outcomes;
- have the ability to understand the outcomes as they emerge;
- have the ability to understand the implications for follow-on research or
actions (e.g., policy);
- be interested enough to make all this effort !
18. What is Research Uptake?
• Research Uptake (RU) does not refer simply to
the one-way process of communicating research
findings to potential end-users.
• It involves effective communication much further
upstream – right from understanding end-user
needs in the initial stages of project design, and
in some cases even involving them in the
research design, project implementation and
adoption of research results.
• RU describes the entire process of doing research
that has outcomes that have impact on the lives
of people.
19. Why is research uptake management
important?
• Career progression typically emphasises
publication in academic journals or other
scholarly publications.
• Preparing research evidence for lay audiences
may not be a priority, or may not be an
activity for which many researchers find time,
or have the expertise.
• Increasingly, research funding agencies
require evidence that this has been done.
20.
21.
22. To Use Intermediaries or Not
• It has been argued that there is a need for a
bridge between the research and policy-
making communities, comprising of applied
social scientists, business analysis, etc.
• On the other hand, it has been argued that
intermediaries can do more harm than good
as a result of misinterpretation, vested
interests and personal agendas.
23. • If no intermediaries are to be used,
scientists have to have the expertise,
the skills and the time to be able to
communicate their results in a
simple and non-technical manner.
• Not all scientists have these qualities,
which need time and practice to
develop.
24. Researchers need to build their capacity to fulfill
multiple roles in policy formulation to:
• understand the needs of policymakers;
• simplify and focus communications with the policymaking
community and the lay public;
• attune engagement and communication to the timeframe,
jurisdiction and interests of policymakers;
• increase familiarity and comfort with the policymaking
process;
• provide timely, accurate data (in accessible and
understandable form);
• serve as neutral and respected conveners of policy forums;
• conduct research and analysis of findings in response to
questions raised by policymakers and other stakeholders;
• Be open about accepting criticism and responding to it
positively.
25. Getting Research into Practice
v/s
Getting Practice into Research
• The current model for most research is based on the
assumption that researchers discover new things and then
tries to market them to policy makers (‘Getting Research into
Practice’).
• However it is equally important to start from the perspective
of decision makers even before devising the research
questions. This means ‘Getting Practice into Research’.
• The former approach may be appropriate for new and untried
research problems, but for operational research (how an
intervention is implemented), the second approach is more
desirable, and should be embedded within the research
programme.
26. Getting Practice into Research
• When policy makers become involved in the research
process from generating the research agenda to
participating in the research process (perhaps even
including co-authoring publications), the co-produced
research is proximal to the decision maker and can be
readily taken up and implemented.
• Steps that researchers and policy advocates can take
together to influence policy:
– Describe a problem locally, so that it has policy relevance and
a local context in order to get the attention of local
politicians and media.
– Provide policy-makers with reasonable and implementable
solutions to the problem, so they have a way to act.
– Develop a convincing message that will resonate with the
public and politicians.
– Convey that message and research data in a variety of ways,
each timed to have maximum impact on the policy-making
process.
28. Development Research Uptake in
SubSaharan African Universities (DRUSSA)
DRUSSA Project is based on 3 premises :
• Skills needed to implement research findings are
different to the skills required to do the research, so the
researcher may not be the best person for this task. It is
better addressed institutionally, through the
development of a Research Uptake Management scheme
in the institution.
• Research uptake can take a lot of time and money, hence
often is not part of the research project itself, and should
be tackled at institutional level through a separate
office/unit with its own staff and budget.
• Researchers need to be incentivised to continue with the
uptake process after the research part is completed.
29.
30. • The support of policymakers is very important in
order to scale up and implement study findings.
• Even if changing national policy has not been the
main aim of a study/programme, success or failure in
terms of utilization of study results or maximizing
their impact depends on the degree of importance
given to it by government bodies or multilateral
organisations.
• It seems to be more effective if :
– the research is a priority for the policymakers and other
stakeholders
– The research is in line with national development plans
and strategies
– the research establishment has good relations with the
policymakers and they can
– agree on the research goals and findings.
32. Key Players
• The key players can be categorised into two
broad groups:
• External players
– International researchers
– Donor(s)
• Internal players
– Local scientists
– Policy makers
– Implementing bodies
– End Users
33. Role of External Players
• Their roles are earmarked from the start
• Their roles usually end once the study findings
are known and disseminated.
34. Local players
• Local researchers/programme
• Policymaker
• National body/association
• Implementing organisation
• End Users
35. Role of Internal Players
• Should take ownership of the processes required to
implement research into policy or practice.
• There has to be close collaboration between researchers,
policymakers and implementers so that together they can
develop a sustainable system with the right policies and
practices in place.
• The appropriate infrastructure and systems should exist so
that the policies can be set in motion.
• The implementers have to be open to accepting the new
policies.
• The implementers have to ensure that personnel are suitably
trained to introduce or change practices on a wider scale. If
the appropriate skills base does not exist on a nationwide
scale for instance, it may require revision of education policies
to ensure that over the years the skills gap is reduced.
• On a micro level, it may mean obtaining resources to train
people within an organisation or transferring personnel with
the requisite skills to where the skills gap exists.
36. Key Points in the Research to Policy Framework
• Involvement of stakeholders in the study right from the beginning and
maintaining good inter-personal relationships with them is important for enabling
the scale up and utilisation of research results. In the case of policy makers, this
ensures that the study findings are accepted and used by policymakers in decision
making.
• For research having strong international research groups, close collaboration with
local researchers is imperative, particularly in the scale up and utilisation phase,
where the latter take a more prominent role than the international researchers.
• The credibility of a study’s findings is enhanced if backed by findings from other
studies, and ensures better uptake by policy makers, who are wary of new ideas.
• Timing of the research and the release of the findings is an important factor that
may affect scale up and utilisation of research results, e.g. research on climate
change just after a devastating cyclone or an intense drought period. Policy makers
are more ready to act on the study findings, if it is a priority issue for them at that
time.
• Communication activities are important for ensuring the right messages get to the
right persons at the right time. The dissemination should be a well-targeted
activity so that information is provided to those who need to know about it and it
should be presented in a way that can be comprehended by the audience.
37. Key Points in the Research to Policy Framework
• The media should be engaged wherever possible in disseminating
information and they need to be educated on the right messages to be
conveyed, especially in cases where a sensitive issue is being dealt with.
The research budget should include resources to allow for media
involvement.
• Where the study is based on a sensitive issue, policymakers may be
reluctant to be seen supporting study findings if they there is a danger of
alienating their voters and/or involves huge public spending. Where this is
anticipated, extra steps should be taken to help politicians develop
strategies for addressing the issue in a way that will help them win their
voters’ support for initiatives to address the issue.
• The nature and extent of donor involvement in a study and its scale up is
important. It may affect the study, uptake of its findings or it may even
give a different angle to the study’s findings.
• At times, even with a strong research-based evidence, and consequent
policy development, insufficient resources and/or confidence of the end-
user may hamper uptake, e.g. implementation of organic farming in
Mauritius.
38. UoM Research Strategy
Research Uptake Engagement & Community Outreach
• Goal 1: University-local communities engagement
• Actions:
• Dissemination of research findings to end-users in lay terms in the local media including
use of websites and use of social media (blogs, facebook, twitter)
• Promote research uptake by end-users
• Include the voice of the local communities in the university research agendas through
meetings, workshops.
• Engage citizens & students through community involvement
• Develop courses, mini-projects and dissertations addressing important community
issues
• Prepare and empower learners outside the campus environment
• Create broad public awareness of the University’s mission and contributions
• Provide expert contributions to public debate and policy-making, and leading the
engagement agenda in the Republic of Mauritius
• Outputs: Practical applications of applied research at community level; Number of
outreach workshops, extension activities including meetings and open days; Number of
brochures, flyers, fact-sheets; Number of dissertation projects and mini-projects
addressing community issues; Number of research findings adopted by end-users.
39. • Goal 2: To apply current knowledge of the University to the country’s
evolving needs
• Actions:
• Increase institutional private sector and alumni involvement
• Foster engagement with our communities of interest
• Extend our range of continuing personal and professional development
programmes
• Develop long-term, sustainable relationships with the community, through a
focused and proactive engagement policy
• Promote technology transfer
• Outputs: Number of new educational programmes (workshops, short
courses, seminars, etc); Number of new research projects; Number of
projects offering turn-key solutions for the society; Number of professional
development programmes; Number of joint activities with local
stakeholders; Number of research projects scaled up to pilot and industrial
scale.
40. Conclusion
• If properly carried out, research uptake ensures a
win-win situation for all.
• Research uptake should be about more than just
supplying research findings, even if it is inclusive and
participative.
• It should also be about stimulating demand for
research more broadly, such that policy makers
themselves are motivated to seek out research.
• It should serve as a platform for broader national
development issues.