Presented by Fred Unger at the 3rd International Conference on One Health 2020, Veterinary Science Innovation for Ecosystem Health and Resilience, Malang, Indonesia, 30 October 2020.
This document summarizes the work of the National Livestock Resources Research Institute (NaLIRRI) in Uganda on livestock research, technology, and innovation related to the dairy value chain. NaLIRRI conducts research in livestock health, nutrition, breeding, and apiculture. Its research focuses on improving animal productivity through technologies like disease-resistant forage varieties, vaccination programs, and cross-breeding indigenous cattle. NaLIRRI also disseminates its research findings to farmers and coordinates with other agencies in the Ministry of Agriculture on priorities like improving dairy cattle genetics and productivity.
Understanding chicken and vegetable value chains in Harar and Dire Dawa, Ethi...ILRI
This document summarizes a study on chicken and vegetable value chains in Harar and Dire Dawa, Ethiopia from a food safety perspective. The study was conducted by a team from ILRI, Addis Ababa University, and Haramaya University. They conducted interviews and focus groups to understand consumer practices and preferences, and map the value chains from producers to retailers to identify food safety issues. Key findings included the dominance of informal markets, lack of regulation in food handling, and low awareness of food hygiene among communities. Suggestions to improve food safety involved supporting producers through training, regulating informal slaughter, and creating awareness along the entire value chain.
Food safety in informal markets in developing countries: An overviewTezira Lore
Grace, D., Roesel, K. and Lore, T. 2014. Food safety in informal markets in developing countries: An overview. ILRI Research Brief 19. Nairobi, Kenya: ILRI.
Presentation by Hung Nguyen-Viet at a workshop on 'Creating impact for One Health and Ecohealth: advancements in implementation, evaluation and governance', Bologna, Italy, 10–12 September 2018.
ILRI research on foodborne diseases and antimicrobial resistance associated w...ILRI
Presentation by Delia Grace, Florence Mutua, Fred Unger, Johanna Lindahl, Kristina Roesel, Ram Pratim Deka, Sinh Dang-Xuan, Barbara Wieland and Hung Nguyen-Viet at a regional symposium on research into smallholder pig production, health and pork safety, Hanoi, Vietnam, 27–29 March 2019.
This document summarizes the work of the National Livestock Resources Research Institute (NaLIRRI) in Uganda on livestock research, technology, and innovation related to the dairy value chain. NaLIRRI conducts research in livestock health, nutrition, breeding, and apiculture. Its research focuses on improving animal productivity through technologies like disease-resistant forage varieties, vaccination programs, and cross-breeding indigenous cattle. NaLIRRI also disseminates its research findings to farmers and coordinates with other agencies in the Ministry of Agriculture on priorities like improving dairy cattle genetics and productivity.
Understanding chicken and vegetable value chains in Harar and Dire Dawa, Ethi...ILRI
This document summarizes a study on chicken and vegetable value chains in Harar and Dire Dawa, Ethiopia from a food safety perspective. The study was conducted by a team from ILRI, Addis Ababa University, and Haramaya University. They conducted interviews and focus groups to understand consumer practices and preferences, and map the value chains from producers to retailers to identify food safety issues. Key findings included the dominance of informal markets, lack of regulation in food handling, and low awareness of food hygiene among communities. Suggestions to improve food safety involved supporting producers through training, regulating informal slaughter, and creating awareness along the entire value chain.
Food safety in informal markets in developing countries: An overviewTezira Lore
Grace, D., Roesel, K. and Lore, T. 2014. Food safety in informal markets in developing countries: An overview. ILRI Research Brief 19. Nairobi, Kenya: ILRI.
Presentation by Hung Nguyen-Viet at a workshop on 'Creating impact for One Health and Ecohealth: advancements in implementation, evaluation and governance', Bologna, Italy, 10–12 September 2018.
ILRI research on foodborne diseases and antimicrobial resistance associated w...ILRI
Presentation by Delia Grace, Florence Mutua, Fred Unger, Johanna Lindahl, Kristina Roesel, Ram Pratim Deka, Sinh Dang-Xuan, Barbara Wieland and Hung Nguyen-Viet at a regional symposium on research into smallholder pig production, health and pork safety, Hanoi, Vietnam, 27–29 March 2019.
CIAT’s Partnership with the International Fund for Agricultural Development (...CIAT
IFAD and CIAT have a shared vision: a world without poverty and hunger, where natural resources are used economically and sustainability for the benefit of everyone, and where enough food is produced efficiently to sustain good nutrition and food security. Our success in South-South coordination, making markets work for smallholders, transforming subsistence farming systems into ecoefficient
hubs of change, and empowering poor rural women and men through improved incomes speaks for itself.
Presented by Shirley Tarawali, Assistant Director General, ILRI, at the Workshop on Livestock Advocacy and Communications Convening, Addis Ababa, 10–12 November 2015
Policy and practice: Developing countries and livestock drug useILRI
Presented by Delia Grace, Hung Nguyen, Purvi Mehta, Johanna Lindahl and Manish Kakkar at the 3rd international conference on responsible use of antibiotics in animals, Amsterdam, the Netherlands, 29 September - 1 October 2014.
This presentation provides a good insight on the emerging consumers trends and industry response to these trends globally.
You can have a complete learning experience from lms.agribusiness.academy
Healthy lives: Tackling food-borne diseases and zoonoses ILRI
This document discusses the large burden that agriculture imposes on human health through emerging diseases, foodborne diseases, zoonoses, and malnutrition. It notes that agriculture is associated with 3 million deaths per year globally, with zoonoses and foodborne diseases alone killing 2.2 million people annually. The poor are most affected by these diseases. Agricultural solutions exist for controlling many agriculture-associated diseases, with benefits often outweighing costs. Improving food safety practices in informal markets through training and certification programs can significantly improve health outcomes.
Food safety from a global perspective to a country perspective addressing cha...ILRI
Presented by Fred Unger, Hung Nguyen-Viet, Sinh Dang-Xuan, Phuc Pham Duc, Pham Van Hung, Lucila Lapar, Karen Marshall, Duong Van Nhiem and Delia Grace at the Global Health Institute scientific conference, Chiang Mai, Thailand, 19 February 2016.
Food safety along informal pork market chains in Vietnam: Experience from an ...ILRI
Presented by Fred Unger, Hung Nguyen-Viet, Lucy Lapar, Karen Marshall and Delia Grace at the Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTD) Asia 2016 conference, Khon Kaen, Thailand, 14–15 January 2016.
Livestock research for Africa’s food security and poverty reductionILRI
Presented by Jimmy Smith, Shirley Tarawali, Iain Wright, Suzanne Bertrand, Polly Ericksen, Delia Grace and Ethel Makila at a side event at the 6th Africa Agriculture Science Week, Accra, Ghana, 15-20 July 2013
Presentation of ISHS made by Jozef Van Assche when visiting Nairobi, Kenya in August 2009 on the occasion of the 2009 AAHC (All African Horticultural Congress)
Sustainable Agricultural Development for Food Security and Nutrition: What Ro...ILRI
The document discusses the key roles of livestock in global agriculture and food systems, and makes recommendations to support sustainable agricultural development. It finds that livestock accounts for 1/3 of global agricultural production value and is a major user of land and water resources. By 2050, meat and milk production are projected to significantly increase to meet rising global demand. The document recommends context-specific strategies to integrate livestock sustainably, strengthen policy coherence, promote gender equality, improve disease surveillance, support smallholder mixed farms and pastoralism, and address challenges in intensive systems. The overall goal is to ensure food security and nutrition through more resource efficient, resilient and socially equitable livestock practices.
Can trade policies have co-benefits for nutrition? FAO
Can trade policies have co-benefits for nutrition? The findings of an expert consultation on trade and
nutrition, by Josef Schmidhuber, Deputy Director, Trade and Markets Division, FAO.
http://www.fao.org/about/meetings/sustainable-food-systems-nutrition-symposium/en/
Food security and animal production—What does the future hold?ILRI
Presented by Jimmy Smith, Dieter Schillinger, Delia Grace, Tim Robinson and Shirley Tarawali at the IFAH Europe Sustainability Conference, Brussels, 11 June 2015
Global challenges such as population growth, increasing demand for food, and scarce resources are putting pressure on agriculture. BASF is committed to supporting sustainable farming through innovative solutions. Some key challenges for farmers include crop losses from pests and diseases, global trends of urbanization and diet changes, and macroeconomic pressures. BASF aims to help farmers produce more and better quality food while preserving the environment through solutions across chemistry, biology, and digital technologies.
This document discusses consumer rights in India, beginning with how consumers have become dependent on the market. It outlines 8 key consumer rights, including the right to basic needs and a healthy environment. These rights were expanded from the original 6 defined in Western countries to better fit developing nations like India. The document then focuses on the rights to basic needs, safe environment, safety, and food security. It explains how these rights aim to ensure access to necessities and protect consumers from pollution, adulteration, and other health risks.
Powerpoint of one of my PhD studies on how food-related professionals working in the food system in multiple institutions value food (as a commons or a commodity) and how this valuation shapes preferred food policies.
Presented at International Conference of the European Network of Political Ecology (ENTITLE), Stockholm, 20-23 of March 2016
http://www.ces.uc.pt/undisciplined-environments/index.php?id=12410&id_lingua=1&pag=12507
Antimicrobial use in African agriculture and its implicationsILRI
Presentation by Delia Grace, Johanna Lindahl, Hung Nguyen‐Viet, Fred Unger and Tim Robinson at a national information sharing workshop on antibiotic use, management and potential risk of antibiotic resistance, Hanoi, Vietnam, 20 September 2016.
Safer food for traditional markets from a One health perspectiveILRI
Presentation by Fred Unger, Phuc Pham-Duc, Hung Pham Van, Sinh Dang-Xuan, Huyen Le Thi, Sothyra Tum, Chhay Ty, Jenny-Ann Toribio, Hai Ngo Hoang Tuan, Nga Nguyen-Thi-Duong and Hung Nguyen-Viet at the 23rd Khon Kaen Veterinary Annual International Conference, Khon Kaen, Thailand, 2 September 2022.
Healthy people, animals and ecosystems for global food and nutritional security ILRI
Presented by Jimmy Smith (with Delia Grace, Fred Unger, Hung Nguyen, Purvi Mehta, Bernard Bett and Shirley Tarawali) at the 5th biennial conference of the International Association for Ecology and Health, Montreal, Canada, 11−15 August 2014
CIAT’s Partnership with the International Fund for Agricultural Development (...CIAT
IFAD and CIAT have a shared vision: a world without poverty and hunger, where natural resources are used economically and sustainability for the benefit of everyone, and where enough food is produced efficiently to sustain good nutrition and food security. Our success in South-South coordination, making markets work for smallholders, transforming subsistence farming systems into ecoefficient
hubs of change, and empowering poor rural women and men through improved incomes speaks for itself.
Presented by Shirley Tarawali, Assistant Director General, ILRI, at the Workshop on Livestock Advocacy and Communications Convening, Addis Ababa, 10–12 November 2015
Policy and practice: Developing countries and livestock drug useILRI
Presented by Delia Grace, Hung Nguyen, Purvi Mehta, Johanna Lindahl and Manish Kakkar at the 3rd international conference on responsible use of antibiotics in animals, Amsterdam, the Netherlands, 29 September - 1 October 2014.
This presentation provides a good insight on the emerging consumers trends and industry response to these trends globally.
You can have a complete learning experience from lms.agribusiness.academy
Healthy lives: Tackling food-borne diseases and zoonoses ILRI
This document discusses the large burden that agriculture imposes on human health through emerging diseases, foodborne diseases, zoonoses, and malnutrition. It notes that agriculture is associated with 3 million deaths per year globally, with zoonoses and foodborne diseases alone killing 2.2 million people annually. The poor are most affected by these diseases. Agricultural solutions exist for controlling many agriculture-associated diseases, with benefits often outweighing costs. Improving food safety practices in informal markets through training and certification programs can significantly improve health outcomes.
Food safety from a global perspective to a country perspective addressing cha...ILRI
Presented by Fred Unger, Hung Nguyen-Viet, Sinh Dang-Xuan, Phuc Pham Duc, Pham Van Hung, Lucila Lapar, Karen Marshall, Duong Van Nhiem and Delia Grace at the Global Health Institute scientific conference, Chiang Mai, Thailand, 19 February 2016.
Food safety along informal pork market chains in Vietnam: Experience from an ...ILRI
Presented by Fred Unger, Hung Nguyen-Viet, Lucy Lapar, Karen Marshall and Delia Grace at the Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTD) Asia 2016 conference, Khon Kaen, Thailand, 14–15 January 2016.
Livestock research for Africa’s food security and poverty reductionILRI
Presented by Jimmy Smith, Shirley Tarawali, Iain Wright, Suzanne Bertrand, Polly Ericksen, Delia Grace and Ethel Makila at a side event at the 6th Africa Agriculture Science Week, Accra, Ghana, 15-20 July 2013
Presentation of ISHS made by Jozef Van Assche when visiting Nairobi, Kenya in August 2009 on the occasion of the 2009 AAHC (All African Horticultural Congress)
Sustainable Agricultural Development for Food Security and Nutrition: What Ro...ILRI
The document discusses the key roles of livestock in global agriculture and food systems, and makes recommendations to support sustainable agricultural development. It finds that livestock accounts for 1/3 of global agricultural production value and is a major user of land and water resources. By 2050, meat and milk production are projected to significantly increase to meet rising global demand. The document recommends context-specific strategies to integrate livestock sustainably, strengthen policy coherence, promote gender equality, improve disease surveillance, support smallholder mixed farms and pastoralism, and address challenges in intensive systems. The overall goal is to ensure food security and nutrition through more resource efficient, resilient and socially equitable livestock practices.
Can trade policies have co-benefits for nutrition? FAO
Can trade policies have co-benefits for nutrition? The findings of an expert consultation on trade and
nutrition, by Josef Schmidhuber, Deputy Director, Trade and Markets Division, FAO.
http://www.fao.org/about/meetings/sustainable-food-systems-nutrition-symposium/en/
Food security and animal production—What does the future hold?ILRI
Presented by Jimmy Smith, Dieter Schillinger, Delia Grace, Tim Robinson and Shirley Tarawali at the IFAH Europe Sustainability Conference, Brussels, 11 June 2015
Global challenges such as population growth, increasing demand for food, and scarce resources are putting pressure on agriculture. BASF is committed to supporting sustainable farming through innovative solutions. Some key challenges for farmers include crop losses from pests and diseases, global trends of urbanization and diet changes, and macroeconomic pressures. BASF aims to help farmers produce more and better quality food while preserving the environment through solutions across chemistry, biology, and digital technologies.
This document discusses consumer rights in India, beginning with how consumers have become dependent on the market. It outlines 8 key consumer rights, including the right to basic needs and a healthy environment. These rights were expanded from the original 6 defined in Western countries to better fit developing nations like India. The document then focuses on the rights to basic needs, safe environment, safety, and food security. It explains how these rights aim to ensure access to necessities and protect consumers from pollution, adulteration, and other health risks.
Powerpoint of one of my PhD studies on how food-related professionals working in the food system in multiple institutions value food (as a commons or a commodity) and how this valuation shapes preferred food policies.
Presented at International Conference of the European Network of Political Ecology (ENTITLE), Stockholm, 20-23 of March 2016
http://www.ces.uc.pt/undisciplined-environments/index.php?id=12410&id_lingua=1&pag=12507
Antimicrobial use in African agriculture and its implicationsILRI
Presentation by Delia Grace, Johanna Lindahl, Hung Nguyen‐Viet, Fred Unger and Tim Robinson at a national information sharing workshop on antibiotic use, management and potential risk of antibiotic resistance, Hanoi, Vietnam, 20 September 2016.
Safer food for traditional markets from a One health perspectiveILRI
Presentation by Fred Unger, Phuc Pham-Duc, Hung Pham Van, Sinh Dang-Xuan, Huyen Le Thi, Sothyra Tum, Chhay Ty, Jenny-Ann Toribio, Hai Ngo Hoang Tuan, Nga Nguyen-Thi-Duong and Hung Nguyen-Viet at the 23rd Khon Kaen Veterinary Annual International Conference, Khon Kaen, Thailand, 2 September 2022.
Healthy people, animals and ecosystems for global food and nutritional security ILRI
Presented by Jimmy Smith (with Delia Grace, Fred Unger, Hung Nguyen, Purvi Mehta, Bernard Bett and Shirley Tarawali) at the 5th biennial conference of the International Association for Ecology and Health, Montreal, Canada, 11−15 August 2014
Sanitation is the creation and maintenance of conditions that will prevent food contamination or food born illness and lower levels of disease-causing microorganisms to a safe level. Cleaning is removing surface food or dirt for example from a surface area.
This document discusses food safety trade-offs in informal markets and smallholder livestock production. It notes that while improved regulation aims to enhance food safety, it may negatively impact livelihoods and access to food for the poor. Evidence shows informal markets often meet food safety standards and that command-and-control regulation does not work and may worsen practices. Effective solutions involve working with and legitimizing informal sectors. The document advocates for improving food safety in a way that is pro-poor and does not negatively impact livelihoods.
One Health approaches to different problems: Work at the International Livest...ILRI
The document discusses One Health approaches used by the International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI). ILRI takes a One Health approach to address problems at the human-animal-environment interface. It works on projects related to zoonotic diseases, food safety issues like aflatoxins, and increasing sustainable livestock production to meet the growing global demand for animal proteins. ILRI aims to find solutions that improve food security and public health while minimizing environmental impacts.
This document provides an overview of ILRI and the livestock sector. It discusses:
(1) Facts about the growing livestock sector in developing countries, including rising meat consumption and economic opportunities;
(2) ILRI's mission, strategic objectives, and critical success factors to improve food security and reduce poverty through research on livestock;
(3) ILRI's role in the CGIAR Consortium's Livestock and Fish portfolio focusing on sustainable intensification, value chains, and policies; and
(4) Characteristics of ILRI including its integrated research teams, bioscience facilities, staff and resources.
Presented by Delia Grace at the Joint CGIAR Research Program on Agriculture for Nutrition and Health (A4NH)/CGIAR Independent Science and Partnership Council (ISPC) Workshop on Nutrition, Washington, D.C., 22-23 September 2014.
Agricultural biotechnology and the economics of food security and climate cha...ExternalEvents
Agricultural biotechnology and the economics of food security and climate change mitigation presentation by "Daniel Sumner, University of California Davis, Davis, United States of America
"
Global health and sustainable food security: Why the livestock sectors of dev...ILRI
Presented by Jimmy Smith at the Global Animal Health Conference on Developing Global Animal Health Products to Support Food Security and Sustainability, Arlington, Virginia, 17−18 October 2013
Global health and sustainable food security: Why the livestock sectors of dev...Susan MacMillan
Slide presentation:
Global health and sustainable food security: Why the livestock sectors of developing countries matter
By Jimmy Smith
For the Global Animal Health Conference: Developing global animal health products to support food security and sustainability
17-18 October 2013
Arlington, Virginia
World Health Day 2015 focused on food safety. The document discusses how foodborne diseases kill millions annually and can cause long-term health problems. It outlines trends like globalization that increase food safety risks and how a long, complex global food chain requires collaboration across sectors to ensure safety. Key actions include strengthening surveillance systems, applying a holistic risk-based approach to food production and distribution, and encouraging both governments and consumers to prioritize safe food.
Food safety performance in animal-source food value chainsILRI
Presentation by Fred Unger, Hung Nguyen-Viet, Phuc Pham-Duc, Pham Van Hung, Huyen Le Thi Thanh, Sinh Dang-Xuan, Nguyen Thanh Luong, Hai Ngo Hoang Tuan and Delia Grace at the 1st International Conference on Veterinary and Animal Science - the role of veterinary science to cope with pandemics, Universitas Nusa Cendana, Kupang, Indonesia, 20 October 2020.
Ensuring livestock livelihoods and animal source food securityILRI
The document discusses trends in the global livestock sector and the role of smallholder producers in developing countries. It makes three key points:
1) Demand for animal-source foods will continue rising significantly in developing countries, where most production already occurs among smallholder farmers who both produce and consume locally.
2) Smallholder livestock systems present opportunities to address technical constraints around health, feed, genetics, and markets to boost production in a sustainable way that benefits livelihoods.
3) Coordinated efforts to improve smallholder and commercial systems can expand the supply of animal-source foods while transforming rural development.
Integrating food safety and nutrition assessments in livestock and fish value...ILRI
Presentation by Barbara Häsler, Kimberley Fornace, Delia Grace and Jonathan Rushton at the Leverhulme Centre for Integrative Research on Agriculture and Health (LCIRAH) conference, London, UK, 13-14 June 2013.
Promoting synergy among professionals: Transforming livestock productivity an...ILRI
Presented by Jimmy Smith, Director General, ILRI at the Veterinary Council of Nigeria & Nigeria Veterinary Medical Association Colloquium, Abuja, Nigeria, 12 November 2013
Similar to Traditional food chains–some thoughts on terminologies, perceptions and how to de-risk them to cope with food safety and pandemic threats (20)
Small ruminant keepers’ knowledge, attitudes and practices towards peste des ...ILRI
Presentation by Guy Ilboudo, Abel Sènabgè Biguezoton, Cheick Abou Kounta Sidibé, Modou Moustapha Lo, Zoë Campbell and Michel Dione at the 6th Peste des Petits Ruminants Global Research and Expertise Networks (PPR-GREN) annual meeting, Bengaluru, India, 28–30 November 2023.
Small ruminant keepers’ knowledge, attitudes and practices towards peste des ...ILRI
Poster by Guy Ilboudo, Abel Sènabgè Biguezoton, Cheick Abou Kounta Sidibé, Modou Moustapha Lo, Zoë Campbell and Michel Dione presented at the 6th Peste des Petits Ruminants Global Research and Expertise Networks (PPR-GREN) annual meeting, Bengaluru, India, 29 November 2023.
A training, certification and marketing scheme for informal dairy vendors in ...ILRI
Presentation by Silvia Alonso, Jef L. Leroy, Emmanuel Muunda, Moira Donahue Angel, Emily Kilonzi, Giordano Palloni, Gideon Kiarie, Paula Dominguez-Salas and Delia Grace at the Micronutrient Forum 6th Global Conference, The Hague, Netherlands, 16 October 2023.
Milk safety and child nutrition impacts of the MoreMilk training, certificati...ILRI
Poster by Silvia Alonso, Emmanuel Muunda, Moira Donahue Angel, Emily Kilonzi, Giordano Palloni, Gideon Kiarie, Paula Dominguez-Salas, Delia Grace and Jef L. Leroy presented at the Micronutrient Forum 6th Global Conference, The Hague, Netherlands, 16 October 2023.
Preventing the next pandemic: a 12-slide primer on emerging zoonotic diseasesILRI
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help boost feelings of calmness, happiness and focus.
Preventing preventable diseases: a 12-slide primer on foodborne diseaseILRI
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms for those who already suffer from conditions like anxiety and depression.
Preventing a post-antibiotic era: a 12-slide primer on antimicrobial resistanceILRI
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise boosts blood flow, releases endorphins, and promotes changes in the brain which help enhance one's emotional well-being and mental clarity.
Food safety research in low- and middle-income countriesILRI
Presentation by Hung Nguyen-Viet at the first technical meeting to launch the Food Safety Working Group under the One Health Partnership framework, Hanoi, Vietnam, 28 September 2023
The Food Safety Working Group (FSWG) in Vietnam was created in 2015 at the request of the Deputy Prime Minister to address food safety issues in the country. It brings together government agencies, ministries, and development partners to facilitate joint policy dialogue and improve food safety. Over eight years of operations led by different organizations, the FSWG has contributed to various initiatives. However, it faces challenges of diminished government participation over time and dependence on active members. Going forward, it will strengthen its operations by integrating under Vietnam's One Health Partnership framework to better engage stakeholders and achieve policy impacts.
Reservoirs of pathogenic Leptospira species in UgandaILRI
Presentation by Lordrick Alinaitwe, Martin Wainaina, Salome Dürr, Clovice Kankya, Velma Kivali, James Bugeza, Martin Richter, Kristina Roesel, Annie Cook and Anne Mayer-Scholl at the University of Bern Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences Symposium, Bern, Switzerland, 29 June 2023.
Assessing meat microbiological safety and associated handling practices in bu...ILRI
Presentation by Patricia Koech, Winnie Ogutu, Linnet Ochieng, Delia Grace, George Gitao, Lily Bebora, Max Korir, Florence Mutua and Arshnee Moodley at the 8th All Africa Conference on Animal Agriculture, Gaborone, Botswana, 26–29 September 2023.
Ecological factors associated with abundance and distribution of mosquito vec...ILRI
Poster by Max Korir, Joel Lutomiah and Bernard Bett presented the 8th All Africa Conference on Animal Agriculture, Gaborone, Botswana, 26–29 September 2023.
Practices and drivers of antibiotic use in Kenyan smallholder dairy farmsILRI
Poster by Lydiah Kisoo, Dishon M. Muloi, Walter Oguta, Daisy Ronoh, Lynn Kirwa, James Akoko, Eric Fèvre, Arshnee Moodley and Lillian Wambua presented at Tropentag 2023, Berlin, Germany, 20–22 September 2023.
Unlocking the mysteries of reproduction: Exploring fecundity and gonadosomati...AbdullaAlAsif1
The pygmy halfbeak Dermogenys colletei, is known for its viviparous nature, this presents an intriguing case of relatively low fecundity, raising questions about potential compensatory reproductive strategies employed by this species. Our study delves into the examination of fecundity and the Gonadosomatic Index (GSI) in the Pygmy Halfbeak, D. colletei (Meisner, 2001), an intriguing viviparous fish indigenous to Sarawak, Borneo. We hypothesize that the Pygmy halfbeak, D. colletei, may exhibit unique reproductive adaptations to offset its low fecundity, thus enhancing its survival and fitness. To address this, we conducted a comprehensive study utilizing 28 mature female specimens of D. colletei, carefully measuring fecundity and GSI to shed light on the reproductive adaptations of this species. Our findings reveal that D. colletei indeed exhibits low fecundity, with a mean of 16.76 ± 2.01, and a mean GSI of 12.83 ± 1.27, providing crucial insights into the reproductive mechanisms at play in this species. These results underscore the existence of unique reproductive strategies in D. colletei, enabling its adaptation and persistence in Borneo's diverse aquatic ecosystems, and call for further ecological research to elucidate these mechanisms. This study lends to a better understanding of viviparous fish in Borneo and contributes to the broader field of aquatic ecology, enhancing our knowledge of species adaptations to unique ecological challenges.
Current Ms word generated power point presentation covers major details about the micronuclei test. It's significance and assays to conduct it. It is used to detect the micronuclei formation inside the cells of nearly every multicellular organism. It's formation takes place during chromosomal sepration at metaphase.
hematic appreciation test is a psychological assessment tool used to measure an individual's appreciation and understanding of specific themes or topics. This test helps to evaluate an individual's ability to connect different ideas and concepts within a given theme, as well as their overall comprehension and interpretation skills. The results of the test can provide valuable insights into an individual's cognitive abilities, creativity, and critical thinking skills
EWOCS-I: The catalog of X-ray sources in Westerlund 1 from the Extended Weste...Sérgio Sacani
Context. With a mass exceeding several 104 M⊙ and a rich and dense population of massive stars, supermassive young star clusters
represent the most massive star-forming environment that is dominated by the feedback from massive stars and gravitational interactions
among stars.
Aims. In this paper we present the Extended Westerlund 1 and 2 Open Clusters Survey (EWOCS) project, which aims to investigate
the influence of the starburst environment on the formation of stars and planets, and on the evolution of both low and high mass stars.
The primary targets of this project are Westerlund 1 and 2, the closest supermassive star clusters to the Sun.
Methods. The project is based primarily on recent observations conducted with the Chandra and JWST observatories. Specifically,
the Chandra survey of Westerlund 1 consists of 36 new ACIS-I observations, nearly co-pointed, for a total exposure time of 1 Msec.
Additionally, we included 8 archival Chandra/ACIS-S observations. This paper presents the resulting catalog of X-ray sources within
and around Westerlund 1. Sources were detected by combining various existing methods, and photon extraction and source validation
were carried out using the ACIS-Extract software.
Results. The EWOCS X-ray catalog comprises 5963 validated sources out of the 9420 initially provided to ACIS-Extract, reaching a
photon flux threshold of approximately 2 × 10−8 photons cm−2
s
−1
. The X-ray sources exhibit a highly concentrated spatial distribution,
with 1075 sources located within the central 1 arcmin. We have successfully detected X-ray emissions from 126 out of the 166 known
massive stars of the cluster, and we have collected over 71 000 photons from the magnetar CXO J164710.20-455217.
Phenomics assisted breeding in crop improvementIshaGoswami9
As the population is increasing and will reach about 9 billion upto 2050. Also due to climate change, it is difficult to meet the food requirement of such a large population. Facing the challenges presented by resource shortages, climate
change, and increasing global population, crop yield and quality need to be improved in a sustainable way over the coming decades. Genetic improvement by breeding is the best way to increase crop productivity. With the rapid progression of functional
genomics, an increasing number of crop genomes have been sequenced and dozens of genes influencing key agronomic traits have been identified. However, current genome sequence information has not been adequately exploited for understanding
the complex characteristics of multiple gene, owing to a lack of crop phenotypic data. Efficient, automatic, and accurate technologies and platforms that can capture phenotypic data that can
be linked to genomics information for crop improvement at all growth stages have become as important as genotyping. Thus,
high-throughput phenotyping has become the major bottleneck restricting crop breeding. Plant phenomics has been defined as the high-throughput, accurate acquisition and analysis of multi-dimensional phenotypes
during crop growing stages at the organism level, including the cell, tissue, organ, individual plant, plot, and field levels. With the rapid development of novel sensors, imaging technology,
and analysis methods, numerous infrastructure platforms have been developed for phenotyping.
Or: Beyond linear.
Abstract: Equivariant neural networks are neural networks that incorporate symmetries. The nonlinear activation functions in these networks result in interesting nonlinear equivariant maps between simple representations, and motivate the key player of this talk: piecewise linear representation theory.
Disclaimer: No one is perfect, so please mind that there might be mistakes and typos.
dtubbenhauer@gmail.com
Corrected slides: dtubbenhauer.com/talks.html
The ability to recreate computational results with minimal effort and actionable metrics provides a solid foundation for scientific research and software development. When people can replicate an analysis at the touch of a button using open-source software, open data, and methods to assess and compare proposals, it significantly eases verification of results, engagement with a diverse range of contributors, and progress. However, we have yet to fully achieve this; there are still many sociotechnical frictions.
Inspired by David Donoho's vision, this talk aims to revisit the three crucial pillars of frictionless reproducibility (data sharing, code sharing, and competitive challenges) with the perspective of deep software variability.
Our observation is that multiple layers — hardware, operating systems, third-party libraries, software versions, input data, compile-time options, and parameters — are subject to variability that exacerbates frictions but is also essential for achieving robust, generalizable results and fostering innovation. I will first review the literature, providing evidence of how the complex variability interactions across these layers affect qualitative and quantitative software properties, thereby complicating the reproduction and replication of scientific studies in various fields.
I will then present some software engineering and AI techniques that can support the strategic exploration of variability spaces. These include the use of abstractions and models (e.g., feature models), sampling strategies (e.g., uniform, random), cost-effective measurements (e.g., incremental build of software configurations), and dimensionality reduction methods (e.g., transfer learning, feature selection, software debloating).
I will finally argue that deep variability is both the problem and solution of frictionless reproducibility, calling the software science community to develop new methods and tools to manage variability and foster reproducibility in software systems.
Exposé invité Journées Nationales du GDR GPL 2024
ANAMOLOUS SECONDARY GROWTH IN DICOT ROOTS.pptxRASHMI M G
Abnormal or anomalous secondary growth in plants. It defines secondary growth as an increase in plant girth due to vascular cambium or cork cambium. Anomalous secondary growth does not follow the normal pattern of a single vascular cambium producing xylem internally and phloem externally.
The use of Nauplii and metanauplii artemia in aquaculture (brine shrimp).pptxMAGOTI ERNEST
Although Artemia has been known to man for centuries, its use as a food for the culture of larval organisms apparently began only in the 1930s, when several investigators found that it made an excellent food for newly hatched fish larvae (Litvinenko et al., 2023). As aquaculture developed in the 1960s and ‘70s, the use of Artemia also became more widespread, due both to its convenience and to its nutritional value for larval organisms (Arenas-Pardo et al., 2024). The fact that Artemia dormant cysts can be stored for long periods in cans, and then used as an off-the-shelf food requiring only 24 h of incubation makes them the most convenient, least labor-intensive, live food available for aquaculture (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021). The nutritional value of Artemia, especially for marine organisms, is not constant, but varies both geographically and temporally. During the last decade, however, both the causes of Artemia nutritional variability and methods to improve poorquality Artemia have been identified (Loufi et al., 2024).
Brine shrimp (Artemia spp.) are used in marine aquaculture worldwide. Annually, more than 2,000 metric tons of dry cysts are used for cultivation of fish, crustacean, and shellfish larva. Brine shrimp are important to aquaculture because newly hatched brine shrimp nauplii (larvae) provide a food source for many fish fry (Mozanzadeh et al., 2021). Culture and harvesting of brine shrimp eggs represents another aspect of the aquaculture industry. Nauplii and metanauplii of Artemia, commonly known as brine shrimp, play a crucial role in aquaculture due to their nutritional value and suitability as live feed for many aquatic species, particularly in larval stages (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021).
Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intellige...University of Maribor
Slides from talk:
Aleš Zamuda: Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intelligent Systems.
11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), Niš, 3-6 June 2024
Inter-Society Networking Panel GRSS/MTT-S/CIS Panel Session: Promoting Connection and Cooperation
https://www.etran.rs/2024/en/home-english/
Deep Behavioral Phenotyping in Systems Neuroscience for Functional Atlasing a...Ana Luísa Pinho
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) provides means to characterize brain activations in response to behavior. However, cognitive neuroscience has been limited to group-level effects referring to the performance of specific tasks. To obtain the functional profile of elementary cognitive mechanisms, the combination of brain responses to many tasks is required. Yet, to date, both structural atlases and parcellation-based activations do not fully account for cognitive function and still present several limitations. Further, they do not adapt overall to individual characteristics. In this talk, I will give an account of deep-behavioral phenotyping strategies, namely data-driven methods in large task-fMRI datasets, to optimize functional brain-data collection and improve inference of effects-of-interest related to mental processes. Key to this approach is the employment of fast multi-functional paradigms rich on features that can be well parametrized and, consequently, facilitate the creation of psycho-physiological constructs to be modelled with imaging data. Particular emphasis will be given to music stimuli when studying high-order cognitive mechanisms, due to their ecological nature and quality to enable complex behavior compounded by discrete entities. I will also discuss how deep-behavioral phenotyping and individualized models applied to neuroimaging data can better account for the subject-specific organization of domain-general cognitive systems in the human brain. Finally, the accumulation of functional brain signatures brings the possibility to clarify relationships among tasks and create a univocal link between brain systems and mental functions through: (1) the development of ontologies proposing an organization of cognitive processes; and (2) brain-network taxonomies describing functional specialization. To this end, tools to improve commensurability in cognitive science are necessary, such as public repositories, ontology-based platforms and automated meta-analysis tools. I will thus discuss some brain-atlasing resources currently under development, and their applicability in cognitive as well as clinical neuroscience.
When I was asked to give a companion lecture in support of ‘The Philosophy of Science’ (https://shorturl.at/4pUXz) I decided not to walk through the detail of the many methodologies in order of use. Instead, I chose to employ a long standing, and ongoing, scientific development as an exemplar. And so, I chose the ever evolving story of Thermodynamics as a scientific investigation at its best.
Conducted over a period of >200 years, Thermodynamics R&D, and application, benefitted from the highest levels of professionalism, collaboration, and technical thoroughness. New layers of application, methodology, and practice were made possible by the progressive advance of technology. In turn, this has seen measurement and modelling accuracy continually improved at a micro and macro level.
Perhaps most importantly, Thermodynamics rapidly became a primary tool in the advance of applied science/engineering/technology, spanning micro-tech, to aerospace and cosmology. I can think of no better a story to illustrate the breadth of scientific methodologies and applications at their best.
Traditional food chains–some thoughts on terminologies, perceptions and how to de-risk them to cope with food safety and pandemic threats
1. Better lives through livestock
Traditional food chains–some thoughts on terminologies, perceptions and
how-to-de-risk them to cope with food safety and pandemic threats
Fred Unger1, Hung Nguyen1, Pham Duc Phuc2, Pham Van Hung3, Huyen Le Thi Thanh4, Xuan Dang Sinh1, Sothyra Tum5, Rortana Chea5, Chhay Ty6,
Nguyen Thanh Luong2, Hai Ngo Hoang Tuan2, Delia Grace1
1International Livestock Research Institute, Vietnam and Kenya; 2Hanoi University of Public Health, Vietnam; 3Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Vietnam;
4National Institute for Animal Science, Vietnam; 5National Animal Health and Production Research Institute, Cambodia; 6Centre for Livestock and Agriculture, Development, Cambodia
30 October 2020, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
3rd International Conference on One Health 2020
Veterinary Science Innovation for Ecosystem Health and Resilience
2. Main campuses: Nairobi, Kenya and
Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Hanoi office (East and SE Asia region):
- Food safety, one health & ASF
International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI)
- Part of CGIAR system with 15 research centres worldwide
Reduce
poverty
Improve
food and
nutrition
security
Improve
natural
resources
and
ecosystem
services
CGIAR COVID-19 Hub
launched in Jun 2020
3. 3
Menti-Question
Go to menti.com, and enter code 5887369
Where do you usually buy animal source food (e.g. chicken)
(click only one but most valid option)
-Traditional retail
-Supermarket or convenient stores
-Organic/healthy food stores
-Directly at producer
-Other
4. 4
Contents
• Livestock, SDG, food system change &
consequences
• Food safety - global
• Traditional food chains
• Food safety performance - Vietnam
• Intervention example
• Way forward and future research
5. Agenda 2030’s Sustainable Development Goals
Livestock contribute to all 17 of the SDGs and directly to at least 8 of
the goals.
6. 6
Population grow & urbanization
• World population was estimated at 6.8 billion in 2009, with
5.6 billion living in the less developed regions (UN, 2009)
• Current estimates are that the population will grow to 9.1
billion in 2050, with most of the growth occurring in
developing countries (UN, 2009)
• Population living in urban areas is projected to rise from 3.3
billion in 2007 to 6.4 billion 2050 (World Urbanization
Prospect)
8. Proportion of livestock-derived foods produced by small farms in 2010
Source: Options for the Livestock Sector
in Developing and Emerging Economies
to 2030 and Beyond. World Economic
Forum White Paper January 2019
9. 9
Food system change & consequences
• Food systems are rapidly changing in many
developing countries, e.g. including Vietnam, 4-5 %
grow of livestock sector
• These transitions are likely to be associated with more
consumption of risky food
• Milk, meat, aquatic products and crops
• Food safety is an emerging public health problem
worldwide
10. Food safety – global perspective
WHO’s report: Global estimates of foodborne diseases
• For the global estimates, 31 foodborne hazards causing 32 diseases were
included, being diarrheal disease agents, invasive infectious disease
agents, helminths and chemicals
• Estimated global burden these 31 hazards was 33 million DALYs
– Comparable with burden from Malaria, HIV and TB
• Almost 1 in 10 people fall ill every year from eating contaminated food
• Children under 5 years of age from low income countries are at
particularly high risk
• Highest burden observed for Africa (East and Central SH Region)
followed by South East Asian (region II)
http://www.who.int/foodsafety/publications/
foodborne_disease/fergreport/en/
11. Food safety – global perspective
WHO’s report: Global estimates of foodborne diseases
• Diarrhoeal diseases responsible for more than half of the global
burden of foodborne diseases, with 230 000 deaths every year.
• Major causes of diarrhoea: norovirus, Campylobacter, non-
typhoidal Salmonella and pathogenic E. coli.
• Causes and impact of FBD vary widely e.g. by region: Taenia
solium, O. V., and aflatoxins.
http://www.who.int/foodsafety/publications/
foodborne_disease/fergreport/en/
12. Traditional food chains – (traditional)/wet markets
Terminology
• It refers to traditional markets which sell mainly fresh
foods such as meat, some seafood, fruits and vegetables.
• Usually less regulated
• Consist of different stalls with independent owners
• Frequent use ice to keep food fresh and often wash
products to keep them clean and fresh.
“wet market”
Photo credit: Chea Rortana /ILRI 2020
13. Formal versus informal retail
• Formal retail: supermarkets, convenient stores,
“healthy” food shops
• Informal retails include:
traditional markets and or ‘wet markets’
Street and /or street food vendors
• Traditional, wet or ‘informal’ markets supply >80%
of the food consumed in sub-Saharan Africa*, but
also the region e.g. Vietnam and Cambodia
• Often escape structured sanitary inspection and lack
modern infrastructure and modern management
*Predicted to still meet 50 to 70 % of consumer demand for food by 2040
Photo credit: Chea
Rortana, Chi Nguyen
/ILRI 2020
14. Why customers prefer traditional/wet markets
• Accessibility, numerous in urban areas but often the
only source in rural areas
• Cheaper than formal/modern retail (opposite to
developing countries – “organic” markets – pricy)
• Addressing specific consumer demands
Sell of traditional foods (including wildlife)
Certain meat pie, blood pudding
• Livelihood contribution
Income for retailers (many are women) & smallholder
• Consumers associate wet markets with fresh, local,
“healthy by nature foods”
• Tourist attractions
Photo credit: Unger,
Chi Nguyen /ILRI
15. Traditional/wet markets are not the same
• Many markets sell fresh meat (often from animals killed
that morning)
• Live birds and live aquatic food, often killed on spot or
taken home alive
• Only a minority of markets sell wildlife: may be alive or
freshly killed
• Markets vary from permanent structures with
electricity, running water and concrete walls and floors
to wooden structures with semi thatch covering, to food
sold on the ground in the open air
• Operation time varies: daily, some days week or less
Photo credit: Chea Rortana, Chi Nguyen /ILRI
16. Risk at traditional/wet markets
The risk to human health is little understood and variable.
There are both risk amplifying and mitigating practices and
characteristics in wet markets. Some of these are shown below:
Risk mitigating and risk amplifying characteristics of wet market
Risk mitigating Risk amplifying
Separation between types of fresh food
(fresh/cooked or intestines and meat)
Direct or indirect contact with body fluids or
between intestines and meat
Basic infrastructure: water, electricity, easy to
clean surface
Keeping and slaughter live animals
Rapid turnover, selling in small amount Selling on the ground/floor
Trust in vendor Lack of effective, risk based inspection
Short value chain Poor infrastructure: lack of water and electricity
17. Will modern retail replace traditional/wet markets?
Modern retail:
Based on experiences on rapid growth of modern retail from other parts of the world (America, Europe,
Australia, South America) the same was assumed for Africa and Asia.
But there are crucial differences.
• Modern retail in Asia and Africa does not offer offered fresh food at lower cost than traditional retail
• There is also a strong preference for “warm fresh meat” = not chilled or frozen food in Africa and Asia.
• Selection process of meat may include even check of consistence /“touching” of meat
• Perception that modern retail uses more “chemicals” e.g. grow promoters & consequently different
perceived meat taste and quality
“premium shops”
Shops specialising in selling “health” fresh food at a premium (rather small outlets)
Co-existence of traditional and modern retail
For richer customers, wet markets and modern retail may be complementary rather than competitive
• people buying packaged food in supermarkets and fresh food in wet markets
Photo credit: Chi
Nguyen/ BacTom ILRI
18. Shall we worry about wet markets?
Food safety
Wet markets often lack adequate infrastructure and food safety measures:
Hazards can be high, but risks can be low if post processing involves a
reliable control step
The informal sector is not always dangerous and the formal sector is not
always safe.
The formal sector is more vulnerable to system failures
Transmission of emerging diseases
• HPAI pandemic - many efforts to regulate or stop e.g. sale of live
birds but not always effective
• Coronavirus emergence has also been associated with sale of wild
animals in wet markets but majority wild animals are not sold in wet
markets.
• Role of wet markets in the recent pandemic not fully understood
19. How to reduce risk from wet markets
Attempt and challenges:
• Improve infrastructure
But without changing retailers behaviour and practice tends to be
unsustainable
• Training retailers helps to improve food safety
But without incentives, improvements are not sustained
• Ban wet markets have usually failed and often had serious un-intended
consequences.
• Enforcing high standards such as modern retail often failed to
• So far there was limited investment and research into informal markets
20. What can be done differently?
Existing regulations sometimes inappropriate or not exist e.g. for small-scale
slaughter
Rather gradual upgrading of existing structure than infrastructure change
• Provide simple technologies to make food safe (e.g. cheap, easy to clean
surfaces)
Participatory, risk-based, demand-led approaches seem most promising (not-
top down or purely regulatory)
Understanding health risk from informal markets (as opposed to presence of
hazards)
Tackling most risky features first
Implementing and evaluating potentially scalable and sustainable interventions
21. ILRI’s current research on pork value chains in Vietnam & Cambodia
• Pork is most important meat diet for consumers (similar in Laos,
Thailand and Cambodia)
• Most of this is produced, slaughter and sold in traditional
markets
• Food safety has become an increasing concern (consumers &
policymakers)
• Concerns include contamination with chemical and
microbiological hazards
• Little information on the actual risks or how to manage them.
22. Food safety performance tool Aim & pillars: Safety, scalability and societal concerns
Safety: Core of the tool using a risk-based approach to provide robust
assessments of food safety outcomes food commodity (e.g. pork).
Sustainability and scalability assessment of the value chain.
• Business performance (e.g. market share, expected trends, potential for change)
and supply chain governance (e.g. trust and interventions).
Societal concerns
• supplementary to pillar 1 and 2 such as gender and equity, cultural norms
etc. which may synergize or trade-off with food safety.
A value chain may provide safe food but have little potential for scaling (e.g. niche products)
Aim: Allow rapid assessment of food safety outcomes in value chains
23. How the tool was used
• Qualitative (focus group discussions, FGD, key informant interviews, KII)
• > 500 KII and 12 FGD
• Content: Business scale & trends, trust, governance, KAP, intervention (perception)
• Farm to fork
• Quantitative (biological sampling and observational checklist) using a
probabilistic sampling design to ensure representativeness.
• >700 samples collected across different pork value chains
• Value chains (Sep 2018 – May 2019):
Traditional/
wet market
(all sites)
Street food,
Hanoi
Canteens, Hanoi„Boutique“ food
chains, niche but
emerging, Hanoi
Supermarket/
convienient
stores, Hanoi
Native pigs,
Hoa Binh, „safe
by nature“
*Photo credit: Chi N/ILRI and BacTom 2018
24. 24
Key results
Safety:
Poor food safety outcomes across all retail types
Value chain actors incorrectly perceive chemical hazards as more
important than microbiological
Poor hygiene was blamed as the main reason leading to
foodborne disease, but this perception wasn’t necessarily
translated into better practice
25. 25
Key results
Scalability/sustainability:
Business of pork value chain slowly recovers from ASF, rather minor
affect of COVID-19
Overall trust levels on food safety decrease from rural to urban areas
Trust was lowest with social media and highest with TV and local radio
Traditional markets and slaughter will continue to provide most pork
and should continue to be a focus
26. 26
Key results
Societal norms:
Women seem more cautious about chemical residues in pork/food than
men.
Women also worry more about foodborne disease more frequently than
men.
Man more in favour of purely technical interventions than woman
Chosen value chains for intervention based on results from FS performance:
Small-scale traditional sector (slaughter and retail)
27. Handbooks
INTERVENTION
Development of Instruction & Training materials
Food safety intervention at slaughter* and retail
Approach:
• Participatory risk-assessment
• Supportive formative research with model
retailers
• Risk communication
Key content*:
-Grid slaughter
-Frequent washing
(and disinfection)
-Training
-Separation
clean/dirty
-Branding
Key content:
-Easy to clean surface
-Frequent washing (and
disinfection)
-Separation (fresh/cooked)
-Training
-Hygienic cutting board
-Branding
*only Vietnam
28. INTERVENTION
Results at SH
Grid
Hand disinfection liquid
Faucet
Installed grid
Re-organized water and
electrical system
Training for SH owners &
workers
Food safety intervention at slaughter - example
Photo credit: Sinh Dang Xuan/Chi Nguyen ILRI 2020
29. INTERVENTION
Development of Instructions & Training materials
Change of workflow (clean/dirty) Posters to support
behavior change
Avoid floor slaughter
• Marked decrease of coliforms; investment 100 -1500 USD
• COVID-19 concerns help to convince butchers and retailers to use disinfectant
Food safety intervention at slaughter - example
Photo credit: Sinh Dang Xuan/Chi Nguyen ILRI 2020
30. Food safety pilot intervention at retail – Vietnam
Package: Easy to clean table surface, inox tray, separation of raw/cooked pork,
cutting board, and detergent/disinfection & training: less than 25USD
Tendency of hygienic improvement (surfaces) Photo credit: Sinh Dang Xuan ILRI 2020
31. 31
Food safety pilot intervention at retail - Cambodia
Tendency of hygienic improvement (pork)
Package: Easy to clean table surface, separate meat from intestine, inox tray,
cuttings board, cloths and detergent/disinfection & training: less than 20USD
Photo credit: Rortana Chea ILRI 2020
Since COVID 19 emergence we see some better compliance on the use of disinfectant
32. Preliminary results from COVID-19 impact survey at
traditional retail in Vietnam
Hygiene behaviour & practices changes – before/during/after lock down
• Cleaning/sanitizing working facilities/tools - more frequent, especially in urban
context
• Most observed changes: in washing & sanitizing hands AND wearing masks &
gloves during working (selling), especially in urban
– remained after lockdown although less popular in rural
• Keeping meat chilled or frozen becoming (somewhat) more frequent,
especially in urban
• During lockdown: less eating at meat stalls BUT after lockdown resuming in urban
while remaining in rural (perhaps because of the longer selling/working time in
urban?)
Methodology: 150 traditional retailers (75 urban and 75 rural), KII on impact
and hygienic practice change, also done in Thailand, Laos and Cambodia
33. 33
Take home messages
Population grow and aligned higher demand for livestock may lead
to increase risks
Traditional retail plays an important role in Asia and Africa and will
remain to do so
The informal sector is not always dangerous and the formal sector is
not always safe
Western based mitigation approaches to cope with risks from
informal sector may not be effective
Results from pilot interventions at traditional slaughter and retail are
promising but further consolidation required
COVID-19 pandemic tends to result in better compliance of retailers
34. 34
Future research around traditional retail my include:
• Understanding typologies, harms and benefits of formal and
informal markets across criteria such as: health, nutrition,
livelihoods, accessibility
• Understanding health risk from those markets (opposed to presence
of hazards)
• Participatory risk-assessment
• Identification of risk mitigating, scalability and practices at these
• Consider also societal aspects
• Identify low-cost solutions combined with training and incentives
• Explore COVID-19 as an opportunity for better compliance of food
retailers
35. Further readings:
Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-CZVyxCG8Zk
Research briefs: https://cgspace.cgiar.org/handle/10568/108320; https://hdl.handle.net/10568/108768; https://hdl.handle.net/10568/108769;
https://hdl.handle.net/10568/102172
Reports: https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/vietnam/publication/food-safety-risk-management-in-vietnam-challenges-and-opportunities
CGIAR COVID-19 Hub: http://a4nh.cgiar.org/covidhub/
Vietnam 57th day without
community COVID-19 cases!
11-25 Sep quarantine
Disinfection liquid
Photo credit: Unger/Rortana Chea/Sinh Dang Xuan/Chi Nguyen/Unger ILRI 2020
36. Acknowledgement
Further acknowledgement:
Florence Mutua, Kristina Roesel, Lian Thomas, Silvia Alonso, and Theo Knight-Jones (all ILRI)
Siobhan Mor (Institute of Infection and Global Health at the University of Liverpool and ILRI)
Editor's Notes
FAO. 2011. Mapping supply and demand for animal-source foods to 2030, by T.P. Robinson & F. Pozzi.
Animal Production and Health Working Paper. No. 2. Rome.
IMPACT results generally suggested smaller changes in demand compared to FAO. Among other drivers of the results, the observed differences may be related to the underlying assumptions on how future demand will respond to prices and incomes. FAO projections could for example be assuming big shifts to Chicken Meat consumption (e.g., from pork) as incomes grow in Asia. IMPACT makes the same assumption in terms of direction, but with the expected shifts a bit more dampened.
High income countries include much of Europe. In fact, if one looks at individual European nations in many cases there is a DECLINE in demand (Switzerland for beef (-22%) and pork (-14%) for example)
Figures for meat consumption: https://data.oecd.org/agroutput/meat-consumption.htm
The practice changes questions were asked at three time milestones: (1) Before Tet holiday (before Covid19); (2) During lockdown; and (3) At the present (after lockdown).
Data were synthesized by urban vs rural vs general (urban & rural)
Nine practices asked include: 1. Cleaning meat stall/shop; 2. Sanitizing meat stall/shop; 3. Washing hands; 4. Sanitizing hands; 5. Wearing gloves; 6. Wearing masks;
7. Foods you sold were quarantined by the authority; 8. Eating at your meat stall/shop; 9. Keeping meat or fresh foods in chilling/frozen shelves (in a fridge).
Frequency of practices was subjectively measured by a 5-point Likert scale: Very often – Often – Sometimes – Seldom – Never.
During lockdown = less working/selling at markets >> less quarantined by the authority