The document discusses traditional Chinese architecture and its key features. It describes how Chinese architecture has remained largely unchanged in its structural principles over many centuries, while decorative details have evolved. Some key elements of traditional Chinese architecture discussed include imperial palaces, which showcase imperial rule; pagodas, which were introduced from India along with Buddhism; and city walls with gates and watchtowers that surrounded cities. The document also provides details on the construction and typical components of pagodas, such as their underground palace, base, body, and steeple.
It is a term used to categorise methods of
construction which use locally available
resources and traditions to address local
needs.
Vernacular architecture tends to evolve over
time to reflect the environmental, cultural
and historical context in which it exists.
It has often been dismissed as crude and
unrefined, but also has proponents who
highlight its importance in current design.
Islamic Architecture from early Medieval to Ottoman: It encompasses a wide range of both secular and religious styles from the foundation of Islam to the present day. What today is known as Islamic architecture was influenced by Roman, Byzantine and all other lands which the Muslims conquered in the 7th and 8th centuries.
It is a term used to categorise methods of
construction which use locally available
resources and traditions to address local
needs.
Vernacular architecture tends to evolve over
time to reflect the environmental, cultural
and historical context in which it exists.
It has often been dismissed as crude and
unrefined, but also has proponents who
highlight its importance in current design.
Islamic Architecture from early Medieval to Ottoman: It encompasses a wide range of both secular and religious styles from the foundation of Islam to the present day. What today is known as Islamic architecture was influenced by Roman, Byzantine and all other lands which the Muslims conquered in the 7th and 8th centuries.
A new style of architecture was flourished in India; called the Indo-Islamic architecture which is an amalgamation of Islamic and Hindu Style. As per Islamic philosophy, the worship is performed as congregational prayer in mosques and construction of tomb was followed for burial purpose; the fort and palaces were also part of this style of architecture. Islamic architecture focuses architectural elements, decoration, spiritual foundations, and construction materials.
This project on Colonial Architecture in India will help us to :
Develop skills to gather data, investigate different view points and reach to a logical justification.
Appreciate the idea of architecture used by the Britishers.
Understand various features of British Architecture and respect the assimilation of different styles of buildings.
Pondicherry had been passed on to multiple colonial powers of Dutch, Portuguese, English, but predominantly French. Even now there's a huge French influence in Pondicherry, now a Union Territory of India.
Vastupurusa
For the basis of Hindú architecture often reference is made to Vastupurusa or “the spirit of the site”. One legend explains this as follows. There was an evil demigod (bhuta) who was born during Siva’s fight with the Asur Andhaka. This bhuta possessed a terrifying countenance and an insatiable hunger. The legend goes that having done great penance, the bhuta won a boon from Siva that allowed him to swallow the three worlds that constitute the Hindu cosmos. As this being stretched himself and began to occupy the heavens, he fell flat on the earth. The various gods and demigods seized this opportunity and pinned various parts of his body to the ground, rendering him helpless. This being came to be called Vast (or Vastupurusa) because the gods and demigods managed to lodge themselves on his body. Legends hold that the deities, in pinning him down, occupied different parts of his body and continued to reside there (Figure1). In order to satisfy his hunger, Brahma ordained that he receive offerings from people on building sites before construction. The body of the Vastupurusa is supposed to be sensitive at a number of points called marmas. The well-being of the Vastupurusa assures the well-being of the building and, by implication, its owner. An important criterion for any building, therefore, is to avoid injury to the marmas located on the body of the Vastupurusa. To ensure that this is achieved, texts prohibit any direct construction upon the marmas themselves. The marmas are specifically said to lie at the intersection of major diagonals, seen as the veins (siras or nadis) of the purusa.
A new style of architecture was flourished in India; called the Indo-Islamic architecture which is an amalgamation of Islamic and Hindu Style. As per Islamic philosophy, the worship is performed as congregational prayer in mosques and construction of tomb was followed for burial purpose; the fort and palaces were also part of this style of architecture. Islamic architecture focuses architectural elements, decoration, spiritual foundations, and construction materials.
This project on Colonial Architecture in India will help us to :
Develop skills to gather data, investigate different view points and reach to a logical justification.
Appreciate the idea of architecture used by the Britishers.
Understand various features of British Architecture and respect the assimilation of different styles of buildings.
Pondicherry had been passed on to multiple colonial powers of Dutch, Portuguese, English, but predominantly French. Even now there's a huge French influence in Pondicherry, now a Union Territory of India.
Vastupurusa
For the basis of Hindú architecture often reference is made to Vastupurusa or “the spirit of the site”. One legend explains this as follows. There was an evil demigod (bhuta) who was born during Siva’s fight with the Asur Andhaka. This bhuta possessed a terrifying countenance and an insatiable hunger. The legend goes that having done great penance, the bhuta won a boon from Siva that allowed him to swallow the three worlds that constitute the Hindu cosmos. As this being stretched himself and began to occupy the heavens, he fell flat on the earth. The various gods and demigods seized this opportunity and pinned various parts of his body to the ground, rendering him helpless. This being came to be called Vast (or Vastupurusa) because the gods and demigods managed to lodge themselves on his body. Legends hold that the deities, in pinning him down, occupied different parts of his body and continued to reside there (Figure1). In order to satisfy his hunger, Brahma ordained that he receive offerings from people on building sites before construction. The body of the Vastupurusa is supposed to be sensitive at a number of points called marmas. The well-being of the Vastupurusa assures the well-being of the building and, by implication, its owner. An important criterion for any building, therefore, is to avoid injury to the marmas located on the body of the Vastupurusa. To ensure that this is achieved, texts prohibit any direct construction upon the marmas themselves. The marmas are specifically said to lie at the intersection of major diagonals, seen as the veins (siras or nadis) of the purusa.
Kath-khuni architecture of Himachal Pradesh, IndiaMansi Shah
This presentation gives an overview about kath-khuni construction practice prevalent in Himachal Pradesh. More information about the same is available in the book "Prathaa: Kath-khuni architecture of Himachal Pradesh"
http://mansi-shah.weebly.com/book.html
by Mansi Shah- Adjunct Assistant Professor at CEPT University
The Great Wall of China and Temple of Heaven (History and Culture)sahilyadav902
History and Culture of these monuments
I have also uploaded a ppt about the scientific theory of these monuments. The link is given below.
http://www.slideshare.net/sahilyadav902/ppt-on-the-great-wall-of-china-and-temple-of-heavenscientific-theory
At both the Shwedagon and Kyaikhtiyoe, there are new inscriptions. For instance, an inscription is mounted on the new Shwedagon Htidaw, and on parts of the Kyailhtiyoe Shwehtidaw canonical texts have been inscribed.
Three types of structures are associated with the religious architecture of early Buddhism: monasteries (viharas), places to venerate relics (stupas), and shrines or prayer halls (chaitya halls, also called chaitya grihas)
You could be a professional graphic designer and still make mistakes. There is always the possibility of human error. On the other hand if you’re not a designer, the chances of making some common graphic design mistakes are even higher. Because you don’t know what you don’t know. That’s where this blog comes in. To make your job easier and help you create better designs, we have put together a list of common graphic design mistakes that you need to avoid.
Expert Accessory Dwelling Unit (ADU) Drafting ServicesResDraft
Whether you’re looking to create a guest house, a rental unit, or a private retreat, our experienced team will design a space that complements your existing home and maximizes your investment. We provide personalized, comprehensive expert accessory dwelling unit (ADU)drafting solutions tailored to your needs, ensuring a seamless process from concept to completion.
Dive into the innovative world of smart garages with our insightful presentation, "Exploring the Future of Smart Garages." This comprehensive guide covers the latest advancements in garage technology, including automated systems, smart security features, energy efficiency solutions, and seamless integration with smart home ecosystems. Learn how these technologies are transforming traditional garages into high-tech, efficient spaces that enhance convenience, safety, and sustainability.
Ideal for homeowners, tech enthusiasts, and industry professionals, this presentation provides valuable insights into the trends, benefits, and future developments in smart garage technology. Stay ahead of the curve with our expert analysis and practical tips on implementing smart garage solutions.
Top 5 Indian Style Modular Kitchen DesignsFinzo Kitchens
Get the perfect modular kitchen in Gurgaon at Finzo! We offer high-quality, custom-designed kitchens at the best prices. Wardrobes and home & office furniture are also available. Free consultation! Best Quality Luxury Modular kitchen in Gurgaon available at best price. All types of Modular Kitchens are available U Shaped Modular kitchens, L Shaped Modular Kitchen, G Shaped Modular Kitchens, Inline Modular Kitchens and Italian Modular Kitchen.
Hello everyone! I am thrilled to present my latest portfolio on LinkedIn, marking the culmination of my architectural journey thus far. Over the span of five years, I've been fortunate to acquire a wealth of knowledge under the guidance of esteemed professors and industry mentors. From rigorous academic pursuits to practical engagements, each experience has contributed to my growth and refinement as an architecture student. This portfolio not only showcases my projects but also underscores my attention to detail and to innovative architecture as a profession.
3. Chinese architecture refers to a style of architecture that has taken
shape in East Asia over many centuries.
The architecture of China is as old as Chinese civilization.
The structural principles of Chinese architecture have remained
largely unchanged, the main changes being only the decorative
details.
The structural principles of Chinese architecture have remained
largely unchanged, the main changes being only the decorative
details.
Since the Tang Dynasty, Chinese architecture has had a major
influence on the architectural styles of Korea, Vietnam, and Japan.
4. In China, a vast land spanning many degrees of latitude with
complicated terrain, climate varies radically.
China has a variety of temperature and rainfall zones, including
continental monsoon areas. In winter most areas become cold and
dry, in summer hot and rainy.
China climates differ from region to region because of the
country's extensive and complex topography.
In the south of the Nanling Mountains, rains are prolific and the
temperature is high all year round. In the Yangtze and Huaihe river
valleys in the central part of China, there are four distinctive seasons
5. Many people in China are farmers. Many grow rice. China grows
more food than any other country. The Chinese also grow tea and soy
beans. Many Chinese shop every day in open air markets to get the
freshest foods for their family's dinner.
Chinese people think it is very important to be polite and kind to
others. The family is very important to the Chinese. Children listen and
obey their parents and older people are loved and respected.
The Chinese people believe the air is most densely charged with vital
energy called chi at daybreak, and for thousands around the island
the day starts with dawn exercises in parks. Individuals or groups gather
to jog, dance, practice the gentle slow-motion of tai chi chuan or the
vigorous gymnastics of kung-ku.
6. Imperial Palaces
Imperial Palaces were originally built
to showcase the extravagant lifestyles
of the emperors, as well as to provide
a centralized location for
demonstrating imperial political
control.
The imperial palaces were built on a
grand scale, sparing no expense to
display the majesty and dignity of the
imperial power of the time.
Each imperial palace is a testament
to the history and glory of Chinese
culture. These glorious structures
clearly demonstrate the creative
essence and imperial traditions of the
Chinese people.
7.
8. Pagodas
Pagodas are actually native
to India.
These octagonal towers
were introduced to China
along with the introduction
and integration of Buddhism.
The design of the traditional
Indian pagoda changed as
the structure was integrated
into Chinese culture.
9.
10. City Walls
Many Chinese cities are surrounded by a set of walls.
The inner wall is termed the cheng and the outer wall is the guo.
The term chengguo is used to describe the entirety of the ancient
city walls. Moats often surrounded the walls and these moats were
termed chi.
The inner city was named the geng.
Within the walls surrounding the city were gates. At least 2 or 3
gates, with towers over the gates, opened up to the outside world.
Large cities offered more gates.
For example, the walls surrounding Beijing contained 9 gates
during the Ming and Qing Dynasties.
11. At each of the four corners of the wall, watch towers were
constructed.
The mamian was a set of ramps that extended out from the wall.
The mamian provided access for cavalry, horses, and wheeled
transport entering or exiting the city.
12. China's most famous city walls:
Xi'an Ancient City Wall
Pingyao City Wall
Nanjing Ancient City Wall
13.
14. The origin of pagodas, like that of Buddhism, can be traced to
India.
The relation between Buddhism and pagodas is explained in
Buddhist literature, which says that pagodas were originally built
for the purpose of preserving the remains of Sakyamuni, the
founder of Buddhism.
In Sanskrit pagoda (or stupa) meant tomb. Before the pagoda
was introduced to China,
15. Structures of Pagodas
Different structures have been used in the building of
pagodas, depending on the building materials.
The structure and method of construction of a wooden pagoda
are similar to those of a palace, temple, multistoreyed building or
pavilion made of wood, i.e., traditional beam or bracket system.
It is usually composed of a frame, rafters, sheathing, eaves and
roof. A pagoda made of bricks and stones, like other brick and
stone buildings, is constructed by methods such as piling up bricks
or stone blocks and making archways.
16. Metal pagodas are made by
moulding and casting metals.
Though the building materials and
methods of construction differ, the
basic structure does not change
drastically.
A pagoda is composed of the
following major parts:
17. Underground Palace
Most ancient buildings in China were built on
solid ground.
Usually nothing was built underground.
The pagoda, however, was unique in having
an underground palace, called the dragon
palace or the dragon cave.
This special structure is not found in other
buildings, such as palaces, temples or
multistoreyed buildings.
It was added to a Buddhist pagoda to preserve
Buddhist relics.
18. According to a
survey, Buddhist relics were
not buried underground in
India, but kept inside the
pagodas
BaseFor instance, the two
oldest pagodas in China the
pagoda at Songyue Temple
of the Northern Wei Dynasty
and the Four-Door Pagoda in
Licheng of the Sui Dynasty
both have very simple, low
bases made
19. Body
The body, or main part, of a pagoda varies depending on the style of
architecture. The classification of pagodas was based on the style of
the body of the pagoda....
Steeple
Every pagoda is surmounted by a steeple, sometimes pointed and
sometimes ball-shaped. They vary greatly in style and building
materials. The most commonly used building materials for steeples
are...
20.
21. CHINESE PAGODAS
OF BRICK, STONE AND WOOD
During the Tang dynasty in China (618-907 CE), Buddhist
pagodas began to be made from stone and brick. Stone
was more versatile and more attainable than wood. Stone
also withstood harsh conditions, such as weather and fire far
better than lumber Rather than immediately replacing the
wooden structure with stone, however, the Chinese slowly
incorporated the material into their architectural patterns. In
the beginning, only the base of the pagoda was built with
stone. The walls, roofs and spires on top were still made with
wood.
22. CHINESE PAGODAS
OF BRICK, STONE AND WOOD
Changes to the actual pagoda structure were made during this
period as well. Previously, each level of the building was smaller
than the size of a basic building.
The ceiling was low, and the windows small.
The levels were now heightened, made to accomodate an actual
person standing as opposed to one leaning over.
The rooms were more versatile, and there were more of them.
On every level of most pagodas during this period, there was a
room for each outside wall of the pagoda.
They were now built with six or even eight sides instead of the
basic four sided structure. Each level then, had six or eight rooms as
well. The pagoda as a building began to match the everyday
Chinese architectural styles.