This document summarizes and compares traditional and advanced agrarian systems. Traditional systems are defined as using indigenous knowledge, tools, and organic fertilizers for subsistence farming. There are three types: migratory slash-and-burn agriculture, sedentary dryland agriculture rotating crops, and irrigated monsoon agriculture utilizing flooded rice paddies. Advanced systems are commercial operations using technology in industrial agriculture on large mechanized farms or plantations, or organic agriculture which is environmentally friendly but yields lower crops.

1. TRADITIONAL AND
ADVANCED AGRARIAN
SYSTEM
María Celdrán 3D

2. Traditional agrarian system
• It can be defined as a style of farming that involves the intensive use
of indigenous knowledge, traditional tools, natural resources,
organic fertilizer and cultural beliefs of the farmers. Traditional
agriculture, is the most practised form of agriculture around the
world even if it requires a great deal of work and a large labour
force.The producction is for self-consumption.
• This system is generally carry out in regions with low levels of
development in Africa,South East Asia and Latin America.
• There are 3 types:migratory or slash-and-burn agriculture,sedentary
dryland agriculture and irrigated monsoon agriculture.

3. Migratory or slash-and-burn agriculture
The agrarian landscapes of this type are irregular shaped fields in woodland where
they slash or cut back the trees and then they burn them along with the
undergrowth. This is a method of clearing the land for cultivation, and then, when
the plot becomes infertile(2 or 3 years), the farmer moves to a new fresh plat and
does the same again.The soil is constantly cultiveted and the crops cultiveted there
are cereals,sorghum,millrt,sweet potatoes….is a polyculture farming.
Thailand
Brazil

4. Sedentary dryland agriculture
It´s agrarian landscape are vegetable plots,located near the farmer house and
fields.Those are fertilised with refuse and animal fertiliser. the human does not
contribute to the irrigation of the fields,uses only that which comes from the
rain.The land surrounding the hamlets is divided into 3 types of fields wich are
used to rotate a main crop(maize or millet) and a complementary crop(tubers or
groundnuts) or they are left fallow. Is a permanent settlement and the soil is not
exhausted.
Fields rotation:
Africa

5. Irrigated monsoon agriculture
It´s agrarian landsacape is paddy fields located in alluvial plains and river deltas.The
fields are separated by ditches so it can be flooded.The growing methods are highly
labour intensive.Some characteristics about it are that this type take advantage of the
surface,low productivity(2 or 3 harvests anually),a moonson climate is required and the
main cultives are rice,tea and sugar cane.
Before the rainy season the fields are ploughed and rice is
planted in fertilised nurseries.During the monsoon,once the
plants are grown they are tranferred to the paddy fields.After
the monsoonwhen the crops begin to rippen,water is removed
and rice is harvested ,threshed and collected.
Vietnam

6. Where can these types of agriculture
be found?
The migratory
agriculture is located
in countries with an
equatorial and humid
tropical climate in
Africa Central and
South America and
Asia
The sedentary dryland
agriculture is found in the tropial
areas of the African savannah
and Asia and South America
The irrigated monsoon agriculture
can be found in the tropial monsoon
climate of South and South East Asia
, like China Vietnam, Cambodia and
the Philippines

7. Advanced agrarian systems
• The advanced agrarian systems are a comercial
agriculture.The production is sell in national and international
markets.Is located in developed regions and some tropical
coasts.
• They use technological and scientific
advancements,mechanisation.
• Minimum labour force
• There are two types:industrial agriculture and organic
agriculture

8. Industrial agriculture
It uses technological and scientific advancements and mechanisation to achieve
high yields with the minimum labour force.They are spesialised in the crops best
situaised to local environment.Is popular in areas of new countries(America and
Oceania),in some tropical coast and in Europe.
Agriculture in new countries
It´s landsacape is organised into large,regular-sized fields,which they owners are
or multinaltional companies or a high skilled farmer.These grow crops of the local
climate, like in the USA grow crops such as wheat,maize,tobacco and cotton.
The agriculture there is very mechanised.

9. Plantation agriculture
This type can be found in coastal areas of countries with a humid tropical climate in
Central and South america,South East Asia and the Gulf of Guinea in Africa ,countries
that have plantation agriculture usually experience tropical climate with high annual
temperatures and receive high annual rainfall.The agrarian landscape are big fields
with only one type of crop,those are the possesion of multinatonal companies.They
grow food and industrial products that are in high demand.The things that facilitates
the cheap mass production intended for the market are advanced techniques and an
extensive paid labour force.
A banana plantation
located in Brazil

10. Organic agriculture
This type of agriculture is environmentally friendly which use techniques
such as organic fertilisers and a crop rotation to avoid soil depletion and to
control pests in a natural way.The crops are have a higher quality but
provide a lowe yield so its more expensive.But is increassing the number
of consumers who are prepared to pay more for better products ,above all
in North America and Europe.The most typical crops are
cereals,coffee,olive oil and cocoa. Some of environmental benefits of
organic agriculture are sustainability over the long
term,biodiversity,ecological services,better soil producction,air and
climate change (organic agriculture reduces non-renewable energy use by
decreasing agrochemical needs)…
In 2012 was practised in a 0,9% or the world land.