2. GENERAL APPROCHES TO FOREIGH LANGUAGE
INSTRUCTION
Comprehension Approach:Comprehension Approach:
listening→ understanding→ speaking
Natural Approach:Natural Approach: T usessomepictures& occasional wordsto
convey themeaning in thelearner’snativelanguage.
Low AffectiveFilter:Low AffectiveFilter: T reducestheSs. anxiety & buildsup
Ss. Self-confidence.
Winitz & Reed’sSelf Instructional Program:Winitz & Reed’sSelf Instructional Program: Ss.
Listen to recordingswith picturesattached.
Lexical Approach:Lexical Approach: Ss. practiceexercises& activitiesto
develop their lexiconsof thetarget language.
TPR (Total Physical Response):TPR (Total Physical Response): Ss. Follow instructions
of T witho ut using native language translatio n.witho ut using native language translatio n.
3. WHAT IS TPR?
TPR (Total Physical Response)TPR (Total Physical Response) isthefastest least
stressful way to achieve understandingunderstanding of any target language
through followingfollowing the directionsdirectionsuttered by theinstructorby theinstructor
(without using thelearner’snativelanguage). Ss. arenot to
forced to speak, but they can speak, when they areready to do
so. Dr. JamesJ. AsheDr. JamesJ. Asher.r.
TPR isbased upon the way that children learn theirway that children learn their
mo ther to nguemo ther to ngue ..
4. THE COURSES THAT CAN BE TAUGHT IN
TPR
VocabularyVocabulary:: eg: weather conditions or body parts.eg: weather conditions or body parts.
Classroom LanguageClassroom Language:: eg; open your book.eg; open your book.
ImperativesImperatives:: eg: take your time.eg: take your time.
5. TPR TECHNIQUES
Using commandsto direct behavior:Using commandsto direct behavior:
eg: T: stand up!
Ss: (stood up)
T: writeyour nameson theboard.
Ss: (wrotetheir nameson theboard).
RoleReversal:RoleReversal: S→T
S→S
Action Sequence:Action Sequence: T givesseriesof sequential instructionsto Ss
about for example, writing aparagraph.
eg:
1.Takeout apen.
2.Takeout apieceof paper.
3.Writeyour nameat theback of thepaper.
4. Brainstorm ideasin diagrams.
5.Writetheparagraph.
6.Submit thedraftsto me.
6. TPR PRINCIPALS
What arethegoalsof teacherswho useTPR?
ReduceSs. Stressand anxiety and enjoy learning thetarget language.
What istheroleof theteacher? What istheroleof thestudents?
Teacher isthedirector and thestudentsaretheimitators.
What isthenatureof student-teacher interaction? What isthenatureof student-
student interaction? T speaks→ Ssperform
Sspeaks→ another Sperforms.
What areasof languageareemphasized? Vocabulary & grammar structure
embedded in thedrilled imperatives.
What istheroleof theSs. nativelanguage? At thebeginning, Ss. usethenative
languageand after sometimethey usethetarget language.
How doestheteacher respond to student errors? At thebeginning T correctsmajor
errorsand asSsget advanced, T correct theminor errors(indirectly).
7. AdvantageS
☺It is funfun
☺It is easy to implementeasy to implement
☺It reducereducesspressureand stressstress
for students
☺It is good for kinaestheticgood for kinaesthetic who
need to beactivein theclass
☺It can beused in largelargeand
small classessmall classes
DisadvantageS
⊗It is onlyonly for young teenageryoung teenager
and childrenchildren
⊗It is onlyonly for limited
courses; drillingdrilling and
repetitiverepetitive
⊗It focuses onlyonly on listeninglistening
comprehension and speakingspeaking
8. CONCLUSION
√ TPR islanguageteaching method that
learners’ speaking skill through listening to
their teacher and beforerequiring them to
speak, and asking them to practiseusing
verbal communication accompanied by
physical actions.
