Toxico overdose-lec07-1223099219105884-9
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This document discusses poisoning classifications and treatments. It provides statistics on poisoning incidence and the most common substances involved. Key points include: - Accidental poisoning is most common in children under 5, while deliberate self-poisoning is common in adults over 15. - Paracetamol and aspirin are among the most frequent causes of poisoning. - Treatment focuses on preventing further drug absorption, increasing elimination, and using specific antidotes like n-acetylcysteine for paracetamol overdose. - Poisoning management involves supportive care, monitoring, gastric decontamination methods, and increasing drug metabolism or excretion depending on the substance ingested.
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Toxico Overdose Lec07.
This document discusses poisoning classifications and treatments. It provides statistics on poisoning incidence and the most common substances involved. Key points include:
- Accidental poisoning is most common in children under 5, while deliberate self-poisoning is common in adults over 15.
- Paracetamol and aspirin are among the most frequent causes of poisoning.
- Treatment focuses on preventing further drug absorption, increasing elimination, and using specific antidotes like n-acetylcysteine for paracetamol overdose.
- Poisoning management involves supportive care, monitoring, gastric decontamination methods, and increasing drug metabolism or excretion depending on the substance ingested.
Poisoning by specific drugs.
1. Paracetamol (acetaminophen) toxicity results from formation of a reactive metabolite which causes liver and occasionally renal failure. Acetylcysteine treatment within 8 hours of overdose is highly effective at replenishing glutathione reserves and preventing toxicity.
2. Salicylate poisoning causes respiratory alkalosis, metabolic acidosis, and organ dysfunction. Treatment involves correcting dehydration and acidosis with sodium bicarbonate, and hemodialysis for severe or refractory cases.
3. Tricyclic antidepressant overdose can cause life-threatening arrhythmias, hypotension, and seizures due to sodium channel blockade and anticholinergic effects. Treatment involves
Drug Poisoning
This document discusses drug poisoning and includes definitions, types of common drugs that cause poisoning like analgesics, barbiturates and benzodiazepines, narcotics. It covers topics like evaluation, management, and a case scenario of a child ingesting unknown tablets. Motive, symptoms, signs, and treatment approaches for an accidental poisoning are outlined. Drug abuse and addiction are also touched on.
Drug Overdose
This document discusses the assessment and management of drug overdoses. It covers evaluating the patient's history, performing examinations and investigations. Key poisoning agents discussed include paracetamol, aspirin, tricyclic antidepressants, benzodiazepines, opiates, and others. Management involves supportive care, decontamination, specific antidotes, and monitoring for complications depending on the toxin ingested.
Medicine 5th year, all lectures/drug poisoning (Dr. Mohammad Shaikhani)
Medicine 5th year, all lectures/drug poisoning (Dr. Mohammad Shaikhani)College of Medicine, Sulaymaniyah
This document summarizes information on various types of poisonings and drug overdoses. It discusses accidental, deliberate, and non-accidental poisonings. It then provides details on the incidence, common drugs involved, and general management approach for poisonings. The document also provides more in-depth information on the presentation, evaluation, and specific treatment approaches for paracetamol/acetaminophen, salicylate/aspirin, NSAID, and anticholinergic poisonings.Common drugs and antidotes
This document provides information on commonly used emergency drugs, including their initial doses and indications. It also lists common antidotes for various agents. Additionally, it discusses drug name endings and what they may suggest about a drug's class or action. Finally, it provides a table of frequently asked medications including their classifications, desired effects, best times for administration, and other considerations.
Poisons and principle for treatment of poisoning
Poisons are substances that cause harm to organisms through chemical reactions or molecular activity when absorbed in sufficient quantities. The principles for treating poisoning include identifying the poison, preventing further absorption, eliminating the poison from the body, and providing supportive care. Prevention of further absorption can be achieved through induced vomiting, gastric lavage, or activated charcoal. Elimination involves altering urine pH, dialysis, use of cathartics or specific antidotes, and supportive measures focus on ensuring patient wellbeing and fast recovery.
Paracetamol poisoning
Paracetamol is a commonly used analgesic and antipyretic that is well absorbed orally. At normal doses, it is metabolized through conjugation pathways and excreted in urine. However, in overdose the conjugation pathways become saturated and it is metabolized through the toxic NAPQI pathway. This can lead to glutathione depletion and liver injury. N-acetylcysteine is the antidote and works best if given within 10 hours of overdose to replenish glutathione levels before liver damage occurs. Symptoms of overdose include nausea, vomiting and liver damage signs like jaundice and coagulopathy.
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Toxico Overdose Lec07.
This document discusses poisoning classifications and treatments. It provides statistics on poisoning incidence and the most common substances involved. Key points include:
- Accidental poisoning is most common in children under 5, while deliberate self-poisoning is common in adults over 15.
- Paracetamol and aspirin are among the most frequent causes of poisoning.
- Treatment focuses on preventing further drug absorption, increasing elimination, and using specific antidotes like n-acetylcysteine for paracetamol overdose.
- Poisoning management involves supportive care, monitoring, gastric decontamination methods, and increasing drug metabolism or excretion depending on the substance ingested.
Poisoning by specific drugs.
1. Paracetamol (acetaminophen) toxicity results from formation of a reactive metabolite which causes liver and occasionally renal failure. Acetylcysteine treatment within 8 hours of overdose is highly effective at replenishing glutathione reserves and preventing toxicity.
2. Salicylate poisoning causes respiratory alkalosis, metabolic acidosis, and organ dysfunction. Treatment involves correcting dehydration and acidosis with sodium bicarbonate, and hemodialysis for severe or refractory cases.
3. Tricyclic antidepressant overdose can cause life-threatening arrhythmias, hypotension, and seizures due to sodium channel blockade and anticholinergic effects. Treatment involves
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This document discusses drug poisoning and includes definitions, types of common drugs that cause poisoning like analgesics, barbiturates and benzodiazepines, narcotics. It covers topics like evaluation, management, and a case scenario of a child ingesting unknown tablets. Motive, symptoms, signs, and treatment approaches for an accidental poisoning are outlined. Drug abuse and addiction are also touched on.
Drug Overdose
This document discusses the assessment and management of drug overdoses. It covers evaluating the patient's history, performing examinations and investigations. Key poisoning agents discussed include paracetamol, aspirin, tricyclic antidepressants, benzodiazepines, opiates, and others. Management involves supportive care, decontamination, specific antidotes, and monitoring for complications depending on the toxin ingested.
Medicine 5th year, all lectures/drug poisoning (Dr. Mohammad Shaikhani)
Medicine 5th year, all lectures/drug poisoning (Dr. Mohammad Shaikhani)College of Medicine, Sulaymaniyah
This document summarizes information on various types of poisonings and drug overdoses. It discusses accidental, deliberate, and non-accidental poisonings. It then provides details on the incidence, common drugs involved, and general management approach for poisonings. The document also provides more in-depth information on the presentation, evaluation, and specific treatment approaches for paracetamol/acetaminophen, salicylate/aspirin, NSAID, and anticholinergic poisonings.Common drugs and antidotes
This document provides information on commonly used emergency drugs, including their initial doses and indications. It also lists common antidotes for various agents. Additionally, it discusses drug name endings and what they may suggest about a drug's class or action. Finally, it provides a table of frequently asked medications including their classifications, desired effects, best times for administration, and other considerations.
Poisons and principle for treatment of poisoning
Poisons are substances that cause harm to organisms through chemical reactions or molecular activity when absorbed in sufficient quantities. The principles for treating poisoning include identifying the poison, preventing further absorption, eliminating the poison from the body, and providing supportive care. Prevention of further absorption can be achieved through induced vomiting, gastric lavage, or activated charcoal. Elimination involves altering urine pH, dialysis, use of cathartics or specific antidotes, and supportive measures focus on ensuring patient wellbeing and fast recovery.
Paracetamol poisoning
Paracetamol is a commonly used analgesic and antipyretic that is well absorbed orally. At normal doses, it is metabolized through conjugation pathways and excreted in urine. However, in overdose the conjugation pathways become saturated and it is metabolized through the toxic NAPQI pathway. This can lead to glutathione depletion and liver injury. N-acetylcysteine is the antidote and works best if given within 10 hours of overdose to replenish glutathione levels before liver damage occurs. Symptoms of overdose include nausea, vomiting and liver damage signs like jaundice and coagulopathy.
Treatment of poisoning
This document provides guidance on the treatment of poisoning cases. It outlines general measures like ensuring airway patency and providing oxygen, fluids, and glucose. Decontamination through removing the patient from the toxic source, washing skin/eyes, and inducing vomiting is recommended. Activated charcoal should be given to bind ingested toxins. Eliminating the poison through diuresis, altering urine pH, or dialysis may also be considered. Follow up includes monitoring for complications, providing antidotes if available, educating patients, and investigating the specific toxin. Common antidotes for various poisons like paracetamol, benzodiazepines, and digoxin are named. Symptoms of toxicity from drugs like
Poisoning plus MCQs 2012.
This document provides an overview of poisoning, including its causes, approaches to triage and resuscitation of poisoned patients, clinical assessment of poisoning, investigations, management, and antidotes. Some key points include:
- Poisoning is a major cause of hospital admissions and deaths in young adults, with most fatalities occurring before medical help can be reached. Intentional overdose is most common.
- Initial focus is on stabilization of vital signs, identifying toxins, preventing reattempts, and decontamination if needed. Antidotes may be given.
- Assessment includes history, exam looking for toxic effects, and investigations like ECG, blood tests and toxicology screens.
- Management involves supportive
general management of toxicological cases
This document provides guidelines for evaluating and treating patients with acute poisoning. It outlines steps for initial stabilization including airway, breathing, and circulation control. A thorough history and physical exam can help identify the poison. Decontamination techniques like activated charcoal and gastric lavage aim to prevent or reduce absorption. Laboratory tests and specific antidotes when available also aid diagnosis and management. The overall goal is rapid stabilization and enhanced elimination of toxins from the body.
Paracetamol toxicity
This presentation discusses paracetamol toxicity and provides information on its definition, history of use, therapeutic uses, toxicokinetics, mechanisms of toxicity, clinical features of acute and chronic overdose, diagnosis, and treatment including use of activated charcoal, N-acetylcysteine, methionine, and liver transplantation in severe cases. Key points covered include paracetamol's mechanism of hepatotoxicity through production of the reactive intermediate NAPQI, signs of liver damage that present 2-3 days after overdose, and the importance of administering N-acetylcysteine within 10 hours of ingestion to prevent liver injury.
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This document provides information on paracetamol (acetaminophen) poisoning, including its introduction, mechanisms of action, toxicity, clinical features, investigations, management, and antidote. It discusses that paracetamol is metabolized to a toxic metabolite that can cause liver damage if glutathione levels are depleted. Patients presenting with elevated liver enzymes and international normalized ratio following ingestion should receive N-acetylcysteine to replenish glutathione levels based on standardized treatment protocols. Timely administration of N-acetylcysteine within 10 hours of ingestion can prevent liver injury from paracetamol poisoning.
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This document provides guidance on the management of paracetamol poisoning. It discusses the hepatotoxicity threshold, time window for administering N-acetylcysteine to be effective, and clinical phases of toxicity. It also outlines criteria for transferring patients to a liver unit and tips for managing overdoses, including using nomograms to determine treatment and monitoring extended release preparations. Risks are generally low if NAC is started within 8 hours of ingestion.
Principles of Management of Acute Poisoning
1. The initial management of all poisoned patients should be similar and focus on stabilization, including maintaining the ABCDEs. Airway patency, breathing, circulation, disability, and exposure should be assessed and treated.
2. Definitive care involves identifying the toxic agent through history, physical exam including vital signs and toxic syndromes, and initial investigations like toxicology screening and basic labs.
3. Management then focuses on decreasing further absorption, administering antidotes if available, enhancing elimination, and treating complications through supportive care.
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The document discusses poisoning, including causes, types, treatment considerations and prevention. It defines poisoning as the development of adverse effects from exposure to chemicals, drugs or other substances. Guidelines are provided for initial response, removal of toxins from the body, prevention of further absorption, enhancement of elimination, administration of antidotes, and supportive care in poison management.
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A 35-year-old Indian housewife presented to the hospital 2 hours after intentionally ingesting 20 tablets of paracetamol (acetaminophen) due to family problems and suicidal thoughts. Her physical exam was unremarkable except for tachycardia. Laboratory tests and management for paracetamol overdose were recommended based on the risk of liver toxicity and failure from metabolism of excess amounts into a reactive compound depleted by glutathione stores. Treatment with N-acetylcysteine was indicated based on the timing and amount of ingestion to prevent hepatotoxicity.
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Poisoning
Poisoning can occur through ingestion, inhalation, injection, or skin absorption of toxic substances. Poisonings are classified as intentional, unintentional, or undetermined. Common causes of poisoning include pharmaceuticals, household products, pesticides, and plants/mushrooms. Initial medical care focuses on life support and stabilizing the patient. Preventing further absorption and administering antidotes specific to the toxin are also important treatment steps. Proper storage and disposal of toxic substances can help prevent accidental poisoning.
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Digestion involves breaking down nutrients into smaller fragments so they can be absorbed. Carbohydrates are digested by salivary amylase, pancreatic amylase, and intestinal enzymes into glucose, fructose, and galactose. Proteins are digested by pepsin, trypsin, chymotrypsin, and intestinal peptidases into amino acids. Fats are emulsified by bile and digested by pancreatic lipase into fatty acids and monoglycerides, which are absorbed along with amino acids and sugars. Absorption mainly occurs in the small intestine through active transport, facilitated diffusion, and micelle formation.
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Treatment of poisoning
This document provides guidance on the treatment of poisoning cases. It outlines general measures like ensuring airway patency and providing oxygen, fluids, and glucose. Decontamination through removing the patient from the toxic source, washing skin/eyes, and inducing vomiting is recommended. Activated charcoal should be given to bind ingested toxins. Eliminating the poison through diuresis, altering urine pH, or dialysis may also be considered. Follow up includes monitoring for complications, providing antidotes if available, educating patients, and investigating the specific toxin. Common antidotes for various poisons like paracetamol, benzodiazepines, and digoxin are named. Symptoms of toxicity from drugs like
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This document provides an overview of poisoning, including its causes, approaches to triage and resuscitation of poisoned patients, clinical assessment of poisoning, investigations, management, and antidotes. Some key points include:
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- Initial focus is on stabilization of vital signs, identifying toxins, preventing reattempts, and decontamination if needed. Antidotes may be given.
- Assessment includes history, exam looking for toxic effects, and investigations like ECG, blood tests and toxicology screens.
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general management of toxicological cases
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Medical emergency on paracetamol poisoning
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Principles of Management of Acute Poisoning
1. The initial management of all poisoned patients should be similar and focus on stabilization, including maintaining the ABCDEs. Airway patency, breathing, circulation, disability, and exposure should be assessed and treated.
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Paracetamol overdose
A 35-year-old Indian housewife presented to the hospital 2 hours after intentionally ingesting 20 tablets of paracetamol (acetaminophen) due to family problems and suicidal thoughts. Her physical exam was unremarkable except for tachycardia. Laboratory tests and management for paracetamol overdose were recommended based on the risk of liver toxicity and failure from metabolism of excess amounts into a reactive compound depleted by glutathione stores. Treatment with N-acetylcysteine was indicated based on the timing and amount of ingestion to prevent hepatotoxicity.
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Poisoning
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Similar to Toxico overdose-lec07-1223099219105884-9
Toxico Overdose Lec07.
This document summarizes common types of drug poisonings, including accidental, deliberate self-poisoning, and homicide. It discusses incidence, common drugs involved like paracetamol and aspirin, clinical features, investigations, and general management principles like preventing absorption, enhancing elimination, and specific pharmacological interventions. For some specific drugs, it provides details on mechanisms of toxicity, clinical presentations, and treatment approaches.
Paracetamol poisoning
Paracetamol, also known as acetaminophen, is a widely used over-the-counter analgesic and antipyretic drug. While generally safe in therapeutic doses, paracetamol overdose can cause acute liver failure. Paracetamol is metabolized in the liver, but a small percentage is converted to a toxic metabolite that depletes glutathione stores and causes liver damage. N-acetylcysteine is the antidote of choice and works by replenishing glutathione levels; it is most effective if given within 10 hours of ingestion. Without treatment, paracetamol overdose can progress to liver failure and death.
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Acute poisoning
This document provides information on acute poisoning, including definitions, common causes, general management approaches, and specific management for certain types of poisoning. It discusses paracetamol poisoning, organophosphorus insecticide poisoning, and opiate poisoning. For paracetamol poisoning, it outlines treatment with acetylcysteine or alternative treatments based on time since ingestion. For organophosphorus poisoning, it describes the triphasic illness and recommends atropine as the antidote. The document provides detailed guidance on assessment, monitoring, supportive care and specific treatments for acute poisoning.
Paracetamol toxicity or Acetaminophen toxicity
1) Acetaminophen toxicity is a common cause of liver damage due to its easy availability and perception as being safe. Toxicity occurs when more than 7.5g is ingested, causing liver damage by depleting glutathione stores and allowing a reactive metabolite to bind hepatocytes.
2) Symptoms of acute acetaminophen toxicity include nausea, vomiting, and jaundice within 72 hours as the liver is damaged. Without treatment, liver failure and death can occur. Treatment involves administering N-acetylcysteine as an antidote if toxicity is suspected based on amount ingested.
3) Chronic excessive acetaminophen use can also cause toxicity, especially in alcoholics
Class antidotes
This document discusses poison management. It begins by defining poison and sources of poisoning such as chemicals, toxins, and venoms. It then lists common agents involved in poisoning and signs and symptoms. The document outlines supportive treatment including monitoring, controlling symptoms, and considering specific treatments. It discusses various decontamination and enhanced elimination methods. It also explains the mechanisms and examples of specific antidotes. The document provides details on managing several specific poisonings including paracetamol, barbiturates, benzodiazepines, cyanide, iron, methanol, and organophosphates. It concludes by thanking the reader.
Management of paracetamol overdose in adults
This document provides an overview of paracetamol (acetaminophen) including its history, epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, management, and N-Acetyl Cysteine (NAC) treatment protocol for overdose. It describes paracetamol as a commonly involved drug in overdose cases that can cause severe liver damage if taken in high enough quantities. The management of paracetamol overdose involves evaluation to determine risk of hepatotoxicity and administration of NAC, an antidote, to prevent liver injury.
Paracetamol poisoning
Paracetamol was developed in the late 1880s as a less toxic derivative of acetanilide. It is metabolized in the liver to a toxic intermediate called NAPQI, which is normally detoxified by glutathione. An overdose can deplete glutathione stores, allowing NAPQI to damage liver cells. Paracetamol poisoning has few early symptoms but can cause liver failure and death. Treatment involves N-acetylcysteine to replenish glutathione within 8-24 hours of ingestion. Prognosis depends on factors like time to treatment, dose ingested, and underlying liver health.
Acute poisoning
1. The document discusses various types of poisonings including acetaminophen, organophosphates, opioids, antidepressants, and carbon monoxide. It covers the mechanisms, clinical findings, diagnosis, and management for each type.
2. Key aspects of management for all poisonings include decontamination, supportive care, and antidotes when available to counteract the poison. Specific poisonings require targeted treatments like N-acetylcysteine for acetaminophen or naloxone for opioids.
3. Differentiation of poisonings can be made based on physical findings and toxic syndromes. Outcomes depend on prompt identification and treatment of the poisoning and progression of toxic effects.
Therapeutic poisons
Lecture on some therapeutic poisons based on subject of Forensic Medicine. Aspirin , Salicylate, aconite and barbiturates poisoning is beutifully explaned with treatments
paracetmol-poisoning-160215161539 (1).pdf
Paracetamol (acetaminophen) poisoning is the most common drug overdose. As little as 12g can be fatal through liver damage caused by a toxic byproduct of paracetamol metabolism called NAPQI. NAPQI is normally detoxified by glutathione in the liver, but an overdose can deplete glutathione leading to liver necrosis. Treatment for paracetamol overdose depends on time of presentation - activated charcoal is used if under 8 hours, while N-acetylcysteine is the antidote of choice to replenish glutathione if 8-24 hours after ingestion. Prognosis is worst with grade IV hepatic coma, acidosis, high creatinine,
Paracetamol Toxicity
Outline:-
- Introduction
- Paracetamol Mechanism of Action
- Indications
- Dosage
- Contraindications
- Paracetamol Toxicity
Paediatric Toxicology.ppt
The document discusses the evaluation and management of pediatric toxic exposures and ingestions, including general principles, potentially toxic ingestions of 1-3 tablets, emergency management of airway, breathing, circulation and other systems, decontamination methods, specific toxic syndromes and antidotes, and case examples of ethanol and iron ingestions. Management involves stabilization, decontamination if indicated, treatment of specific toxic effects, and consideration of toxicology studies and antidotes based on the exposure.
Peptic ulcer treatment
This document discusses the treatment of peptic ulcers, including antacids, H2 receptor antagonists, proton pump inhibitors, mucosal protective agents, and eradication of H. pylori. It provides details on the mechanisms of action, dosages, side effects and drug interactions of the various classes of drugs used to treat peptic ulcers. It also mentions that certain drugs like NSAIDs and glucocorticoids can cause peptic ulcers.
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Management of the poisoned patient.
Management of the poisoned patient.Mohammad Hadi Farjoo MD, PhD, Shahid behehsti University of Medical Sciences
Clinically oriented discussion of important notes in the management of common poisoning problems and their management.Case Study on Paracetamol toxicity
Due to the lack of proper poison control centers, even little incidents of Paracetamol toxicity due to careless use or overdose can be fatal.
Paraquat poisoning
Paraquat poisoning causes severe oxidative stress and multi-organ failure. Ingestion has a high fatality rate. It is rapidly absorbed and concentrated in lungs, liver, and kidneys, causing cellular damage through redox cycling. Clinical features include oropharyngeal burns, respiratory distress, and acute kidney injury. Diagnosis is confirmed by positive urine dithionite test showing blue color change. Prognosis is poor for those with serum paraquat levels above the Sipp score threshold or rapidly increasing creatinine. Early extracorporeal removal within 4 hours may help severe cases, but long-term outcomes are generally poor with progressive lung fibrosis. Management focuses on supportive care, though antioxidants have been tried with
Organophosphorous poisoning
This document summarizes organophosphorous (OP) poisoning. OP compounds are commonly used as agricultural insecticides and were historically developed as chemical warfare agents. They work by inhibiting the enzyme acetylcholinesterase, leading to excess acetylcholine in the body. Clinical effects range from acute cholinergic crisis to intermediate muscle weakness to delayed neuropathy. Diagnosis is based on history of exposure and clinical features. Treatment involves atropine to control muscarinic effects, pralidoxime to reactivate acetylcholinesterase, benzodiazepines for seizures, and supportive care. Prognosis depends on prompt diagnosis and treatment to prevent respiratory failure, intermediate syndrome, or delayed neuropathy.
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Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
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Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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- 37. Do not check a paracetamol level before 4 hours have elapsed; it is uninterpretable. If more than 8 hours since ingestion, start N-acetylcysteine immediately & only stop it if the concentration is below the treatment line
- 62. Carbon monoxide poisoning. All comatose patients Patients with neurologic impairment by examination or psychometric testing Patients with carboxyhemoglobin levels >40% Cardiovascular involvement (chest pain, ECG changes, arrhythmias) Pregnant patients with carbon monoxide levels >15% Patients who do not respond to 100% oxygen Patients with recurrent symptoms up to 3 weeks after exposure SPECIFIC INDICATIONS FOR HYPERBARIC OXYGEN THERAPY
- 76. Methanol & ethylene glycol poisoning. Aggressively prevent methanol conversion by infusing IV ethanol. Correct metabolic acidosis with sodium bicarbonate; Hemodialysis to remove methanol/metabolites—indicated for patients with visual disturbance, serum methanol >50 mg/dL, or with intractable metabolic acidosis. Treat Altered mental status; coma; seizures; gastrointestinal disturbance with abdominal pain; pancreatitis in some; visual disturbances: blurred vision, diplopia, photophobia, sensation of "being in a snowstorm," blindness (end result). S&ss Methanol POISONING WITH METHANOL OR ETHYLENE GLYCOL
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