Torsion (Springs)-Strength of Materials.pdf
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This document discusses different types of springs, including helical and leaf springs. Helical springs are made of coiled wire and store energy through torsion or twisting. Leaf springs are laminated and absorb shocks in vehicles. The document provides equations to calculate spring deflection, stiffness, and maximum shear/bending stress. It includes examples solving for the number of plates in a leaf spring, length of a leaf spring, and deflection under a given load.
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Spring is an elastic body whose function is to distort when loaded and to recover its original shape when the load is removed.
APPLICATION OF SPRINGS
To apply forces as in brakes, clutches and spring loaded valves.
To store energy as in watches, toys.
To measure forces as in spring balance and engine indicators.
To cushion, absorb or control energy due to either shock or vibration as in car.The material of the spring should have
high fatigue strength,
high ductility,
high resilience and
creep resistant.
It largely depends upon the size and service.
The strength of the wires varies with size, smaller size wires have greater strength and less ductility, due to the greater degree of cold working.
Severe service means rapid continuous loading where the ratio of minimum to maximum load (or stress) is one-half or less, as in automotive valve springs.
Average service includes the same stress range as in severe service but with only intermittent operation, as in engine governor springs and automobile suspension springs.
Light service includes springs subjected to loads that are static or very infrequently varied, as in safety valve springs.
The springs are mostly made from oil-tempered carbon steel wires containing 0.60 to 0.70 per cent carbon and 0.60 to 1.0 per cent manganese.
1. Flat belt.pdf
This document discusses belt drives and includes the following key points:
- It identifies different types of belts, including open belts, crossed belts, and Mobius belts.
- It examines slip that can occur between belts and pulleys if frictional grip is insufficient.
- It provides examples of calculating velocity ratios in belt drives with and without slip.
- It discusses factors that determine belt length for open and crossed belt drives, including angle of contact.
- It analyzes the effect of centrifugal tension on belt drives and how it impacts the ratio of belt tensions.
Module 5.pdf
- A concentric spring consisting of two helical compression springs is used as a valve spring in a diesel engine.
- The composite spring is subjected to a maximum force of 6000N and deflects 50 mm.
- The maximum torsional shear stress induced in each spring is 800 N/mm2.
- Each spring has the same spring index of 6 and are made of the same material.
DESIGN OF SOLID TRANSMISSION SHAFT
The document discusses transmission shafts and their design. It defines a transmission shaft as a rotating element that supports transmission elements like gears and transmits power. Stepped shafts are commonly used, with maximum diameter in the middle and minimum at the ends. Shaft material is typically carbon steel. Design considers strength based on stresses from loads, torsional rigidity based on permissible twist, and ASME code factors for shock/fatigue. Equivalent moment concepts are introduced for combined loading conditions.
Poros
This document discusses the design of shafts that are used to transmit power from one place to another. It covers various types of loads that can act on shafts including twisting moments, bending moments, and combined loads. It provides equations to calculate the required shaft diameter based on the applied loads and material properties. Standard materials for shafts like carbon steel are discussed. Considerations for hollow shafts, keys and splines, and fluctuating loads are also covered. Design approaches like maximum shear stress and maximum normal stress theories are presented for shafts under combined loading. Examples of solving for shaft diameters under different load conditions are provided.
IRJET- Design and Analysis of a two Wheeler Shock Absorber Coil Spring
This document summarizes the design and analysis of a coil spring for a two-wheeler shock absorber. It describes the design process for an oil-tempered spring steel spring, including calculations to determine dimensions. Finite element analysis was performed using ANSYS to analyze deformation and stresses on the spring under different loading conditions: the weight of the bike plus two people, one person, and just the bike. The results were also compared between oil-tempered spring steel and beryllium copper materials. The analysis found that beryllium copper had lower stresses but greater deformation, indicating it is safer but oil-tempered spring steel has better stiffness.
ASSIGNMENT 1 PPT TYMEB136.pptx
Types of Sensors used in Automobiles
Mass airflow sensor.
Engine Speed Sensor.
Oxygen Sensor.
Spark Knock Sensor.
Coolant Sensor.
Manifold Absolute Pressure (MAF) Sensor.
Fuel Temperature Sensor.
Voltage sensor.
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Different Types of Car Sensors used in Automobiles - ElProCushttps://www.elprocus.com › different-types-of-sensors-use...
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Automotive Sensors: MEMShttp://www.ann.ece.ufl.edu › courses › papers › A...
PPT
Introduce MEMS; Applications; Automotive Specific Information; Fabrication ... MEMS Sensors and Actuators used to control various elements of the automobile.
Unit -IV Automotive Sensors & Actuatorshttps://www.gcoeara.ac.in › auto
PDF
Working principle of sensors, Types of sensors, Airflow ... Temperature sensor, MAP sensors, Knock/Detonation ... In the case of vehicle sensors it is.
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(PPT) Automotive Radar in English.pptx | Ali Fauzihttps://www.academia.edu › Automotive_Radar_in_En...
Configuration schematic of DISTRONIC PLUS, where orange is a 77 GHz LRR-sensor and green is a 24 GHz SRR-sensor (Source: Daimler AG, Stuttgart, Germany).
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Types of Sensors used in Automobiles
Mass airflow sensor.
Engine Speed Sensor.
Oxygen Sensor.
Spark Knock Sensor.
Coolant Sensor.
Manifold Absolute Pressure (MAF) Sensor.
Fuel Temperature Sensor.
Volt
Spring
A spring is defined as an elastic body, whose function is to distort when loaded and to recover its original shape
when the load is removed.
UNIT 4 Energy storing elements and Engine components.pptx
This document discusses various energy storing elements and engine components. It describes springs, including helical springs, leaf springs, Belleville springs, and concentric springs. It discusses the material, design, and stresses in helical springs. It also covers flywheels, connecting rods, and crankshafts as key engine components that help store and transmit energy within an engine.
Design of Beam- RCC Singly Reinforced Beam
Concrete beams are an essential part of civil structures. Learn the design basis, calculations for sizing, tension reinforcement, and shear reinforcement for a concrete beam.
Similar to Torsion (Springs)-Strength of Materials.pdf (20)
CE8395-STRENGTH OF MATERIALS FOR MECHANICAL ENGINEERS-Unit-III-Torsion (Springs)
CE8395-STRENGTH OF MATERIALS FOR MECHANICAL ENGINEERS-Unit-III-Torsion (Springs)
A REVIEW ON HELICAL COMPRESSION SPRING TO DESIGN A SHOCK ABSORBER OF BIKE
A REVIEW ON HELICAL COMPRESSION SPRING TO DESIGN A SHOCK ABSORBER OF BIKE
ME6503 design of machine elements - question bank.
ME6503 design of machine elements - question bank.
Lecture note on Shaft design of machine element.pptx
Lecture note on Shaft design of machine element.pptx
5 shaft shafts subjected to combined twisting moment and bending moment
5 shaft shafts subjected to combined twisting moment and bending moment
IRJET- Design and Analysis of a two Wheeler Shock Absorber Coil Spring
IRJET- Design and Analysis of a two Wheeler Shock Absorber Coil Spring
UNIT 4 Energy storing elements and Engine components.pptx
UNIT 4 Energy storing elements and Engine components.pptx
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Unit-3-Transmission system of Automobile
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Dynamics of Machines - Unit II-Balancing of Rotating Masses
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Dynamics of Machines - Unit II-Balancing-Introduction
This document discusses balancing of machines. It defines unbalanced force as the resultant of all inertial forces acting on a machine's body. Balancing is the process of reducing or eliminating unbalanced forces to acceptable levels. If machines are not balanced, unbalanced forces can cause excessive noise, vibration, wear and damage. Benefits of balancing include increased quality, minimized vibration and stresses, increased bearing life, and reduced power loss. There are two types of balancing: static balancing where a mass can rest at any position, and dynamic balancing where a mass does not vibrate while running. Complete balancing requires the centrifugal force and couple to both be zero.
Dynamics of Machines - Unit II-Balancing of Reciprocating Masses
This document discusses balancing of reciprocating masses in machines like engines. It states that the purpose of balancing is to eliminate unbalanced forces and couples caused by reciprocating masses. These include shaking forces from inertia, and shaking couples from imbalanced distribution of mass. The document notes that complete balancing is usually not practical, so reciprocating masses are often only partially balanced to reduce unbalanced forces and couples. It defines primary and secondary unbalanced forces and describes other effects like tractive force along the stroke, swaying couple causing side-to-side motion, and hammer blow from the maximum perpendicular force.
Dynamics of Machines - Unit III - Longitudinal Vibration
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This document discusses transverse vibrations of machines. It defines different types of vibrations including free, forced, and damped vibrations. It specifically focuses on natural frequency of free transverse vibrations for a simply supported shaft subjected to a point load or uniform load. It also discusses the effect of inertia of constraints on transverse vibration and methods to determine natural frequency for a shaft subjected to multiple point loads. Additionally, it covers whirling speed and factors affecting critical speed of a shaft. Finally, it provides example problems related to natural frequency, damping, and transverse vibrations of shafts.
Dynamics of Machines - Unit III-Torsional Vibration
This document discusses free vibrations, specifically torsional vibration. It begins by defining different types of vibrations including free vibration, forced vibration, and damped vibration. It then defines torsional vibration as circular motion of particles in a shaft or disc about the axis. The natural frequency of free torsional vibration is discussed and equations of motion are presented. Different rotor systems are examined including single, double, and triple rotor configurations as well as geared systems. Objectives questions conclude the document.
Dynamics of Machines - Unit V-Governors
This document discusses different types of governors used to regulate the speed of engines. It describes centrifugal and inertia governors and provides examples of their applications. Centrifugal governors discussed in detail include the Watt, Porter, Proell, and Hartnell governors. Key terms related to governors like equilibrium speed and sleeve lift are defined. The characteristics of governors such as sensitiveness, stability, and isochronism are also explained. Controlling force diagrams are described as a way to examine the stability and sensitiveness of different governor designs.
Dynamics of Machines- Unit IV-Forced Vibration
This document discusses different types of vibrations including free vibration, forced vibration, and damped vibration. It focuses on forced vibration where a body vibrates under the influence of an external force. Examples given are electrical bells and air compressors. The types of external excitation forces are periodic, impulsive, and random. Equations of motion are provided for forced damped vibration systems. Concepts such as frequency response, phase lag, magnification factor, and vibration isolation are also summarized.
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本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问微bwp0011
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三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
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◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【微bwp0011】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
Gas agency management system project report.pdf
The project entitled "Gas Agency" is done to make the manual process easier by making it a computerized system for billing and maintaining stock. The Gas Agencies get the order request through phone calls or by personal from their customers and deliver the gas cylinders to their address based on their demand and previous delivery date. This process is made computerized and the customer's name, address and stock details are stored in a database. Based on this the billing for a customer is made simple and easier, since a customer order for gas can be accepted only after completing a certain period from the previous delivery. This can be calculated and billed easily through this. There are two types of delivery like domestic purpose use delivery and commercial purpose use delivery. The bill rate and capacity differs for both. This can be easily maintained and charged accordingly.
Digital Twins Computer Networking Paper Presentation.pptx
A Digital Twin in computer networking is a virtual representation of a physical network, used to simulate, analyze, and optimize network performance and reliability. It leverages real-time data to enhance network management, predict issues, and improve decision-making processes.
2008 BUILDING CONSTRUCTION Illustrated - Ching Chapter 08 Doors and Windows.pdf
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VARIABLE FREQUENCY DRIVE. VFDs are widely used in industrial applications for...
Variable frequency drive .A Variable Frequency Drive (VFD) is an electronic device used to control the speed and torque of an electric motor by varying the frequency and voltage of its power supply. VFDs are widely used in industrial applications for motor control, providing significant energy savings and precise motor operation.
Applications of artificial Intelligence in Mechanical Engineering.pdf
Historically, mechanical engineering has relied heavily on human expertise and empirical methods to solve complex problems. With the introduction of computer-aided design (CAD) and finite element analysis (FEA), the field took its first steps towards digitization. These tools allowed engineers to simulate and analyze mechanical systems with greater accuracy and efficiency. However, the sheer volume of data generated by modern engineering systems and the increasing complexity of these systems have necessitated more advanced analytical tools, paving the way for AI.
AI offers the capability to process vast amounts of data, identify patterns, and make predictions with a level of speed and accuracy unattainable by traditional methods. This has profound implications for mechanical engineering, enabling more efficient design processes, predictive maintenance strategies, and optimized manufacturing operations. AI-driven tools can learn from historical data, adapt to new information, and continuously improve their performance, making them invaluable in tackling the multifaceted challenges of modern mechanical engineering.
SCALING OF MOS CIRCUITS m .pptx
this ppt explains about scaling parameters of the mosfet it is basically vlsi subject
Rainfall intensity duration frequency curve statistical analysis and modeling...
Using data from 41 years in Patna’ India’ the study’s goal is to analyze the trends of how often it rains on a weekly, seasonal, and annual basis (1981−2020). First, utilizing the intensity-duration-frequency (IDF) curve and the relationship by statistically analyzing rainfall’ the historical rainfall data set for Patna’ India’ during a 41 year period (1981−2020), was evaluated for its quality. Changes in the hydrologic cycle as a result of increased greenhouse gas emissions are expected to induce variations in the intensity, length, and frequency of precipitation events. One strategy to lessen vulnerability is to quantify probable changes and adapt to them. Techniques such as log-normal, normal, and Gumbel are used (EV-I). Distributions were created with durations of 1, 2, 3, 6, and 24 h and return times of 2, 5, 10, 25, and 100 years. There were also mathematical correlations discovered between rainfall and recurrence interval.
Findings: Based on findings, the Gumbel approach produced the highest intensity values, whereas the other approaches produced values that were close to each other. The data indicates that 461.9 mm of rain fell during the monsoon season’s 301st week. However, it was found that the 29th week had the greatest average rainfall, 92.6 mm. With 952.6 mm on average, the monsoon season saw the highest rainfall. Calculations revealed that the yearly rainfall averaged 1171.1 mm. Using Weibull’s method, the study was subsequently expanded to examine rainfall distribution at different recurrence intervals of 2, 5, 10, and 25 years. Rainfall and recurrence interval mathematical correlations were also developed. Further regression analysis revealed that short wave irrigation, wind direction, wind speed, pressure, relative humidity, and temperature all had a substantial influence on rainfall.
Originality and value: The results of the rainfall IDF curves can provide useful information to policymakers in making appropriate decisions in managing and minimizing floods in the study area.
IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Society as a Graduate Student Member
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Torsion (Springs)-Strength of Materials.pdf
- 1. STRENGTH OF MATERIALS By, Dr.S.SURESH, Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering. UNIT-III-TORSION 1 SPRINGS
- 2. SPRINGS Elastic member whose primary function is to deflect or distort under the action of applied load; it recovers its original shape when load is released. Quality of a spring is judged from the energy it can absorb. 2
- 3. NOTABLE APPLICATION OF SPRINGS To apply forces and to control motions as in brakes and clutches To measure forces as in spring balance. To store as in clock springs. To reduce the effect of shock or impact loading as in carriage springs. To change the vibrating characteristics of a members as inflexible mounting of motors. 3
- 4. The springs are of the following two types depending upon the type of resilience. 4
- 5. (HELICAL SPRINGS) •A springs made up of a wire coiled into a helix. •A spring, which is subjected to torsion or twisting moment only and the resilience is also due to it, is known as a torsion spring. 5
- 6. NOMENCLATURE OF HELICAL SPRING 6
- 7. W S = Spring Stiffness (N/m) The load required to produce a unite deflection is called Spring Stiffness (N/m) 7
- 8. EXPRESSION FOR MAX. SHEAR STRESS INDUCED IN WIRE 8
- 9. (Expression for Max. Shear Stress induced in wire) 9
- 10. EXPRESS FOR DEFLECTION OF SPRING 10
- 11. (Express for deflection of spring) 11
- 12. Example 1: A closed-coiled helical spring is required to carry a load of 150 N. If the mean diameter is to be 8 times that of the wire, calculate these diameter. Take maximum shear stress as 100 Mpa. Given: Solution: 12
- 13. Given: Solution: EXAMPLE 2: A closed-coiled helical spring of round steel wire 5 mm in diameter having 12 complete coils of 50 mm diameter is subjected to an axial load of 100 N. Find the deflection of the spring and the maximum shearing stress in the material. Modulus of rigidity (C) = 80 Gpa. 13
- 14. Example 3: A closed coiled helical spring of round steel wire 10 mm in diameter having 10 complete turns with a mean diameter of 12 cm is subjected to an axial load of 200 N. Determine: (i) The deflection of the spring (ii) Maximum shear stress in the wire, (iii) stiffness of the spring. Take C=8x104 N/mm2. Given: 14
- 15. Deflection Shear Stress Stiffness 15
- 16. These are also called laminated springs. The leaf springs are widely used in Railway wagons, Coaches and Road vehicles. These are used to absorb shocks, which give an unpleasant feeling to the passengers. The energy observed by a laminated spring, during a shock, is released immediately without doing any useful work. Types are (i) Semi-elliptical (ii) Quarter-elliptical 16
- 17. EXPRESSION FOR MAX. BENDING STRESS AND DEFLECTION 17
- 18. 18
- 19. Central Deflection of the Spring = δ 19
- 20. EXAMPLE 1: A laminated spring 1m long is made up of plates each 50 mm wide and 10 mm thick. If the bending stress in the plates is limited to 100 MPa, how many plates are required to enable the spring to carry a central point load of 2 KN. If modulus of elasticity for the spring material is 200 GPa, What is the deflection under the load? 20
- 21. EXAMPLE 2: A leaf spring to be made of seven plates 65 mm wide and 6.5 mm thick. Calculate the length of the spring, so that it may carry a central load of 2.75 KN, the bending stress being limited to 160 MPa. Also calculate the deflection at the centre of the spring. Take E for the spring material as 200 GPa. 21