Topic: Expansionary and Contractionary Monetary Policy | Course: Money and banking | BBA 5th semester
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This document summarizes expansionary and contractionary monetary policy tools used by central banks. It discusses monetary policy, open market operations (OMO), reserve requirements, and discount rates. Expansionary tools like lowering reserve requirements and interest rates increase the money supply to stimulate the economy. Contractionary tools like raising reserve requirements and interest rates decrease the money supply to curb inflation. OMO involves buying and selling government securities to adjust commercial bank reserves and interest rates.
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The document summarizes monetary policy, which is carried out by central banks to control money supply and promote economic growth and stability. The main objectives of monetary policy are price stability, economic growth, and stable exchange rates. Central banks use tools like interest rates, reserve requirements, and open market operations to implement expansionary or contractionary monetary policy depending on economic conditions. The document then discusses monetary policy specifics in Pakistan, including interest rate trends over the past 15 years and recent policy decisions by the State Bank of Pakistan.
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• Equal Income Distribution
monetary policy and its tools
Monetary policy aims to control money supply, interest rates, and achieve economic growth. The objectives of monetary policy are economic growth, full employment, price stability, neutrality of money, and exchange rate stability. Monetary policy tools include expansionary policy which increases money supply and lowers interest rates, and contractionary policy which decreases money supply and raises interest rates. Instruments of monetary policy include quantitative measures like open market operations and changes in reserve requirements, and qualitative measures like moral suasion and publicity.
Central banking & the monetary policy
Central banks play a key role in monetary policy and the economy. They influence money supply and interest rates through tools like open market operations, reserve requirements, and interest rate policy. The primary objective of monetary policy is typically price stability, while also promoting goals like full employment. Central banks use both direct and indirect market instruments to achieve their objectives.
What Is Monetary Policy?: Unlock The 2 Important Types Of It Compare Closing LLC
Monetary policy is a set of tools built with the intention of promoting sustainable economic growth.
A country’s central bank promotes these tools by controlling the overall supply of money that is available at the nation’s banks, its consumers, and its businesses.
Monetary Policy
The document discusses various aspects of monetary policy and international monetary systems. It provides details on tools of monetary policy like bank rate policy, open market operations, and changing cash reserve ratios. It also discusses different stages of the international monetary system, including the classical gold standard between 1816-1914 where currencies were pegged to the British pound and gold.
740 monetary policy
This document provides an overview of monetary policy in India. It defines monetary policy and outlines its key objectives such as maintaining full employment, price stability, and economic growth. It then describes different types of monetary policy approaches including expansionary, contractionary, countercyclical, rule-based and discretionary. The document also discusses quantitative and qualitative monetary policy tools used by the Reserve Bank of India, including bank rates, open market operations, reserve requirements, and credit rationing. It concludes with recent trends, noting the RBI has kept key policy rates unchanged following COVID-19 disruptions.
Monetary Policy Instruments: India
This presentation explains various monetary instruments being adopted by the Reserve Bank of India. It also shows their impact on stock market. It also show the statistic trend of inflation, repo rate, reverse repo rate, etc in India.
Monetary Policy
This document discusses monetary policy and its objectives. It begins by defining monetary policy as the process by which a country controls the supply of money in the market by altering interest rates. The main objectives of monetary policy are then outlined as price stability, rapid economic growth, balance of payments equilibrium, full employment, equal income distribution, and exchange rate stability. The document also discusses the tools used by monetary policy, including controlling the supply of money by buying and selling government bonds, and controlling money demand by managing interest rates.
Similar to Topic: Expansionary and Contractionary Monetary Policy | Course: Money and banking | BBA 5th semester (20)
What Is Monetary Policy?: Unlock The 2 Important Types Of It Compare Closing LLC
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Topic: Expansionary and Contractionary Monetary Policy | Course: Money and banking | BBA 5th semester
- 1. Presented by: Bint-e-Zahra Sajida Bibi Samya Bibi Inam Ullah Khan Naqash Ali Topic: Expansionary and Contractionary monetary policy
- 2. Table of contents • Monetary Policy • Nature of monetary policy • Types of monetary policy • OMO • Reserve requirement • Discount Rate
- 3. Monetary policy Monetary Policy is the process by which the monetary authority of a country controls the supply of money, often targeting the interest rate for the purpose of promoting economic growth and stability . According to Harry G. Johnson “Monetary policy employing the central bank’s control of supply of money as an instrument for achieving the objectives of general economic policy.”
- 4. Nature of Monetary Policy…. Monetary policy uses a variety of tools (interest rate) to control influence outcome like(economic growth , inflation, exchange rate with other currencies and unemployment). It controls the supply of money Monetary policy works through expansion or contraction of investment and consumption expenditure.
- 5. Types of monetary policy: Expansionary monetary policy Contractionary monetary policy
- 6. Expansionary monetary policy The following three monetary policy measures are adopted as a part of expansionary monetary policy to cure recession & to establish the equilibrium of national income at full employment level of output. The central bank undertakes open market operation The central may lower the bank rate The central bank may reduce cash reserve ratio
- 7. Contractionary monetary policy Contractionary monetary policy is appropriate when economy is in expansion and inflation is a problem. The goal of contractionary monetary policy is to reduce inflation. The central bank sells the Government securities The central bank may raise bank rate The central may raise statutory cash reserve ratio
- 8. Open Market Operations The buying and selling of government securities by the Reserve Bank on secondary markets It aim to: manipulate the short term interest rate manipulate the supply of base money control the total money supply
- 9. How OMO works? Buying securities from commercial bank • Gives up securities Bank • Pays the bank Fed/CB • Increase reserve Bank
- 10. How OMO works? Buying securities from public • Gives up securities Public • Pays Fed/CB • Deposits in bank Public • Increase reserves Bank
- 11. How OMO works? Selling securities to commercial bank • Gives up securities Fed/CB • Pays Bank • Decrease reserve Bank
- 12. How OMO works? Selling securities to public • Gives up securities Fed/CB • Pays by check from bank Public • Decrease reserves Bank
- 13. Reserve Requirements A certain fraction of deposits that a depository institution is required to reserve. It: Is set by the central bank Affects the size of loan that the bank can offer
- 14. How Reserve Requirements works? Fed Reserve requirement increases Bank Loan applications reject
- 15. How Reserve Requirements works? Fed Reserve requirement decrease Bank Loan applications accept
- 16. Discount Rate The interest rate charged by Federal Reserve Banks to depository institutions on short-term loans.
- 17. How Discount Rate works?