TOPIC 5 : ECOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENT
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Dissolved carbon dioxide in seawater reacts to form carbonic acid, reducing the concentration of carbonate ions. Marine animals like corals rely on carbonate ions to build their calcium carbonate skeletons. With fewer carbonate ions available due to ocean acidification from carbon dioxide, coral reefs are threatened as corals struggle to grow and existing skeletons may dissolve. Areas with acidified water no longer support corals and other creatures that use calcium carbonate in their shells and skeletons.
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Mobile marketing is a form of communication that promotes products through mobile devices. There are many mobile techniques including SMS, MMS, push notifications, apps, and location-based targeting. A mobile marketing strategy is a plan to use these tools to increase brand awareness, generate leads, and increase sales. An effective strategy involves understanding the target audience, their media habits, and testing content across different devices. Coke Zero launched a campaign during the NCAA Final Four using drinkable ads, interactive experiences, and mobile engagement to encourage people open to trying Coke Zero to have their own experience tasting it.
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The Consumer Protection Act 1986 was enacted to better protect the interests of consumers, protect consumer rights, and provide simple, speedy and inexpensive redressal to consumer disputes. The key rights established for consumers include the right to be protected against unfair trade practices, the right to be informed about product quality and pricing, the right to choice and competitive pricing, the right to be heard, and the right to seek redressal. The Act covers all goods and services across private, public and cooperative sectors. It defines key terms and establishes a three-tier quasi-judicial mechanism for consumer dispute redressal at the district, state and national levels.
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This document discusses sources of salinity in seawater. It explains that rivers introduce dissolved salts to the oceans through chemical weathering of rocks on land. The annual river input of dissolved materials to the oceans is approximately 2.5-4×1015 grams. However, the overall salinity of seawater has remained around 35 parts per thousand despite regular salt inputs from rivers. This is due to the balance between salt inputs (sources) and outputs (sinks) through processes like evaporation and precipitation, maintaining a steady state equilibrium in ocean salinity over billions of years.
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CORAL REEF BY papi.pptx
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Lakes contain dissolved gases like oxygen, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, hydrogen sulphide, and methane. The amounts and distributions of these gases depend on factors such as precipitation, temperature, water movement, and chemical reactions. Oxygen and carbon dioxide levels indicate biological activity, entering water through diffusion, photosynthesis, and the decomposition of organic matter. The solubility of gases decreases with increasing temperature and pressure.
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This is a small presentation on ocean acidification.It is a compilation of all materials(including present information) I collected related to it, any new information beside this or concerning it please comment.
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Ocean acidification is caused by increasing carbon dioxide levels in the oceans due to human emissions since the Industrial Revolution. As CO2 is absorbed by seawater, chemical reactions occur that reduce seawater pH and the concentration of carbonate ions. This process is known as ocean acidification and impacts marine life by making it difficult for calcifying organisms like oysters and corals to form their shells and skeletons as the pH becomes less suitable for calcification. While some algae may benefit from higher CO2 levels, most marine species, food webs, and coastal economies that rely on fisheries are threatened by ocean acidification if emissions are not reduced.
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Acid deposition occurs when sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides emitted from the burning of fossil fuels react with water, oxygen, and other chemicals in the atmosphere to form acids. These acids can fall to Earth as rain, snow, fog or dry particles. Natural processes also produce acid deposition, but human activities such as burning coal and oil have increased acid deposition levels. Acid rain has a pH lower than 5.6 and can damage sensitive forests and lakes. The main pollutants that cause acid rain are sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides.
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- 2. • Marine animal such as reef-building corals that deposit calcium carbonate in their skeletons need to absorb carbonate ions from seawater.
- 3. • The concentration of carbonate ions in seawater is low, because they are not very soluble. • Dissolve carbon dioxide makes the carbonate concentration even lower as a results of some interrelated chemical reactions.
- 4. • Carbon dioxide reacts with water to form carbonic acid, which dissociates into hydrogen and hydrogen carbonate ions. • CO2 + H2O H2CO3 H+ + HCO3- • Hydrogen ions react with dissolve carbonate ions, reducing their concentration. • H+ + CO3 2- HCO3 -
- 5. • If carbonate ions concentration drop, it is more difficult for reef- building corals to absorb them to make their skeletons. • If seawater stop to be a saturated solution of carbonate ions, existing calcium carbonate tends to dissolve. • So existing skeletons of reef-building corals are threatened.
- 6. • In the area of acidified water, there are no corals, sea urchins or other animals that make their skeletons from calcium carbonate. Sea urchins Corals
- 7. • In their place, other organisms flourish such as sea grasses and invasive algae. Sea grasses Invasive algae