I am preparing to take TOEFL Test myself. I compiled this slide in the preparation process. I thought other friends preparing for the test can benefit from the ideas presented in the slides. Let's go and prepare guys.
A Complete Guide to the IELTS Speaking TestIELTSBackup
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TOEFL, formerly known as “Teaching of English as a Foreign Language” is an “English Language Proficiency Test” designed in the early 1960’s by The National Council of the Testing of English as a Foreign Language.
A Complete Guide to the IELTS Speaking TestIELTSBackup
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TOEFL, formerly known as “Teaching of English as a Foreign Language” is an “English Language Proficiency Test” designed in the early 1960’s by The National Council of the Testing of English as a Foreign Language.
This presentation presents an overview of the IELTS Academic Reading sub-test. It may be used by both teacher or tutor and students in online preparation or review.
The IELTS Writing Task 1 challenges students to describe a line graph, bar chart, pie chart, table, map, or flow diagram. The line graph is the most common, so it features most prominently in this PPT. Check out http://www.ted-ielts.com for more IELTS writing guides and tips.
Tips and advice on how to effectively answer multiple-choice questions during the IELTS reading exam.
For more English tutorials, please visit:
https://www.thelecturette.com
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http://englishwithnadia.blogspot.com
A brief overview and exercised to get you familiar with what you should expect to do in part 3 of the IELTS speaking test and how to approach the questions.
This presentation presents an overview of the IELTS Academic Reading sub-test. It may be used by both teacher or tutor and students in online preparation or review.
The IELTS Writing Task 1 challenges students to describe a line graph, bar chart, pie chart, table, map, or flow diagram. The line graph is the most common, so it features most prominently in this PPT. Check out http://www.ted-ielts.com for more IELTS writing guides and tips.
Tips and advice on how to effectively answer multiple-choice questions during the IELTS reading exam.
For more English tutorials, please visit:
https://www.thelecturette.com
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/ieltsbackup
Youtube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCIaUPwguD5zV87cJrbTmXdw
Linkedin: https://www.linkedin.com/in/ieltsbackup
Send us your feedback & suggestions: info@ieltsbackup.com
For more details: https://www.ieltsbackup.com
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/ieltsbackup
Youtube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCIaUPwguD5zV87cJrbTmXdw
Linkedin: https://www.linkedin.com/in/ieltsbackup
Send us your feedback & suggestions: info@ieltsbackup.com
For more details: https://www.ieltsbackup.com
http://englishwithnadia.blogspot.com
A brief overview and exercised to get you familiar with what you should expect to do in part 3 of the IELTS speaking test and how to approach the questions.
Applying to universities abroad is indeed an exhilarating experience—after all. The thought of living and studying in an entirely new country is enough to get anyone excited. For this purpose, standardized English language tests like the TOEFL or IELTS are administered routinely throughout the year across a number of locations in the world.
Are you confused between TOEFL and IELTS tests? Read our blog to discover everything TOEFL vs IELTS and know which English language proficiency test is best for your admission.
This slide entitled Friends of Ethiopia from across the Globe is designed to give credit to good hearted persons from across the globe that were helpful to Ethiopia at different moments in the country's history.
Oral Literature
Fundamentals of Literature
BY Belachew Weldegebriel
Jimma University
College of Social Sciences and Humanities
Department of English Language and Literature
Jimma, Ethiopia
Fundamentals of Literature
The Concept of Literature
By Belachew Weldegebriel
Jimma University
College of Social Sciences and Humanities
Department of English Language and Literature
Jimma, Ethiopia
Neoclassical Literary Criticism
Compled by: Belachew Weldegebriel (Assistant Professor/English Literature)
Jimma University
CSSH
Department of English Language and Literature
Jimma, Ethiopia
Literary Theory and Criticism
By Belachew Weldegebriel
Jimma University
College of Social Sciences and Humanities
Department of English Language and Literature
Fundamentals of Literature
Compiled by: Belachew Weldegebriel (bellachew@gmail.com)
Jimma University
CSSH
Department of English Language and Literature
1.1 Definition of Literature
Int. to Literary Theory & Literary Criticism
Compiled By Belachew W/Gebriel (bellachew@gmail.com)
Jimma University
CSSH
Department of English Language and Literature
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
2. The Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL) is a standard test designed to
measure the ability to understand and to use English as it is used in North
American academic setting, such as university.
Standardized tests are widely used in the United States for college and graduate
school admissions and professional licensing.
The TOEFL is produced and administered by the Educational Testing Service
(ETS), a private not-for-profit company based in Princeton, New Jersey.
3. Before 1998 the TOEFL was based on a model of language testing known as
discrete-point testing.
A discrete-point language test measures one isolated aspect of language
knowledge and makes projections from this measurement about language
proficiency.
For example, on earlier versions of the test, a test takers performance on
questions that tested the meaning of vocabulary words was considered to be
predictive of the test taker’s reading comprehension skills.
4. The TOEFL Computer-based test (CBT) which was launched in 1998
maintained some discrete-point testing, but it included direct skill testing as
well.
A test takers reading comprehension skills were measured on the TOEFL
CBT not only by his or her knowledge of the meaning of vocabulary words,
but by the ability to infer the meaning of a word from the context of a
reading passage, identify the main idea of the passage, make inferences
about the author’s meaning, and so on - all reading skills that any good
reader must use.
5. A test taker’s writing skills were measured on the TOEFL CBT not
only by his her knowledge of the rules of English sentence structure
but by the ability to apply those rules, as well as the rules of discourse
organization, vocabulary usage and so on, in writing an actual essay.
6. The TOEFL internet-based test (iBT) launched in 2005 includes no
discrete point testing.
TOEFL iBT is a direct measure of the test takers communicative
abilities in all four basic skills – reading, listening, speaking and
writing.
7. TOEFL iBT measures receptive and expressive skills equally.
Half the total score on the test is based on reading and listening skills
– on how well you receive and understand English.
Half of the total score is based on speaking and writing abilities –
how well you express yourself using English.
TOEFL iBT measures integrated skills. In the speaking and writing
sections of the test there are several questions in which you must read
and/or listen, then speak or write based on what you read and heard.
8. TOEFL iBT includes no discrete point testing. Your knowledge of the
grammar of English is measured within the skills section of the test.
For example, you must correctly apply rules of English grammar when
speaking or writing on the test.
9. TOEFL iBT uses more authentic language in the reading and
listening passages. For example, in the listening section, speakers in
a conversation may interrupt each other, just as two people naturally
do when engaged on conversation.
TOEFL iBT allows note taking. You can and in fact should take
notes in every section of the test.
10. READING
This section measures the ability to read, understand, and analyze
short passages similar in topic and style to those that North
American college and university students encounter in their courses.
It contains three to five reading passages.
11. This section measures the ability to read understand and analyze
short passages.
It contains three to five reading passages.
Each passage is roughly 675 to 725 words in length. Passages
generally follow the typical American English organizational
structure – a one paragraph introduction, which includes a thesis
statement, body paragraphs that develop the most important points
as expressed in the thesis statement and a one paragraph conclusion
that summarizes.
12. There are 10 different types of TOEFL iBT Reading section
questions. They can be divided into three general categories
according to what each is testing:
1) understanding of language use
2) basic comprehension
3) the ability to read to learn
13. Language use questions test understanding of how language is used
to express meanings and how to determine these meanings while
reading.
For example one type of language use question tests understanding
of the meaning of a word.
14. Basic comprehension questions test understanding of details
presented in a passage and the ability to make inferences based on
the information in a passage.
15. Reading-to-learn questions test the ability to analyze and synthesize
information while reading in other words, they test the ability to learn
while reading.
For example one of these questions tests the ability to summarize the
most important points of a reading passage.
16. Whenever a question refers to a specific word or sentence in the
passage, the word or sentence is highlighted. You don’t need to search
for it.
Also many detail questions on TOEFL iBT identify the particular
paragraph in which the answer can be found, so you do not need to
scan the passage in order to find the relevant information in the
passage for a detail question.
17. This type of question requires you to understand why the
author has included a piece of information. Because the
answer to this question is not directly stated in the reading
passage, you need to understand the main point of the
paragraph and how the referenced information is related to
the main point of the paragraph in order to solve this type of
question.
18. Why does the author mention (X)?
The author mentions (X) in order to…
The author includes the information of (X) in order to…
The author uses (X) as an example of…
The author mentions (X) for which of the following reasons?
The author does (X) in order to…
What is the author’s purpose in mentioning…
19. As the names suggest you must drag answer choices with your
mouse and drop them into the appropriate place in a chart.
These two question types are also different from the others because
they are each worth more than one point; each can be 2 or 4 points. A
note appears with these questions telling you their point value.
20. The passages cover a variety of subjects. Don’t worry if you are
unfamiliar with the topic of the passage. All the information needed
to answer the questions is in the passage (ETS; 2017: p 37)
Key TOEFL reading strategies
Skim the reading passage
Recognize paragraph structure
Increase your speed with keywords
21. LISTENING
The Listening section of TOEFL measures the ability to understand
English as it is spoken in North American Academic settings. The
section contains:
Two conversations between two people each followed by five
questions.
Two lectures with student comments and questions, each followed
by six questions.
Two straight lectures, each followed by six questions.
22. The conversations are generally between a student and a professor
or other university staff member such as a librarian, counsellor,
administrative assistant in a university office and so on.
The conversations are usually a problem/solution type, where the
student needs assistance from the other person and must explain his
or her needs in an attempt to obtain the desired assistance, and the
other person attempts to assist the student.
23. The lectures are on a range of topics covering history, art, business, science,
and social science. A basic introductory level understanding of a variety of
fields will make the lectures (and reading) much easier to follow.
Markers of authentic speech – such as pauses, digressions, interruptions,
hesitations, false starts (I’m not . . . I don’t really know the answer to that
question), idioms (e.g. “I don’t have a clue what you mean.”), and colloquial
language (e.g. The scientists were sort of surprised by the results”) – are
evident in both the conversations and lectures.
24. There are eight different question types on the TOEFL iBT listening
section. You can expect to find most or all of these question types on the
lectures, but only three or four of them on the conversations.
Listening questions can be divided into three general categories, according
to what each is testing:
1) understanding of language use
2) basic comprehension
3) the ability to listen to learn
25. Rhetorical function (speaker to listener): 3-5 per test
Rhetorical structure (test support): 5-6 per test
Main idea questions (lectures only): 4 per test
Purpose questions: 3-5 per test
Detail questions: 12-14 per test
Inference questions: 3-5 per test
26. Content relationship words (lectures only) 2 per test
For most of the language use questions you will hear an excerpt – that
is, a repeated portion – from the conversation or lecture. The excerpt
contains a word expression or comment that is the focus of the
question.
Often the proper interpretation of the excerpt depends on the
intonation and exact word choice of the speaker.
27. All listening section questions are four option multiple choice, with the
exception of content relationship questions.
This question type comes in two formats, both of which present five
options. In the first format, you must choose three correct answers from
the five choices.
In the second format you must click Yes or No for each of the five
options.
In addition, one or two of the detail questions on lectures may ask you to
choose two correct answers out of four options.
28. SPEAKING
There are six tasks in the speaking section. In each case, you listen to
and read both the directions and the task question.
The first two speaking tasks are independent, meaning that you
speak about familiar topics without listening to or reading any extra
material.
29. The remaining four speaking tasks are integrated, meaning that you
must listen to and/or read material before you speak; two of the
tasks include reading passages and a conversation or lecture; and
the two others include a conversation or a lecture only. You have 60
seconds for each integrated task.
30. The speaking section contains six tasks on a range of topics. Tasks 1
and 2 are independent speaking tasks – you respond to a short prompt
by speaking about a familiar topic. You are scored on your ability to
speak clearly and coherently.
Tasks 3 through 6 are integrated skills tasks – you read and/or listen
first, then speak about what you have read and heard.
31. You may take notes while you read and listen, and use your notes to
help prepare your responses.
You are scored on your ability to speak clearly and coherently as
well as your ability to accurately synthesize and summarize the
information you have read and heard.
32. WRITING
The writing section is the final part of the TOEFL® test. You’ll have 50 minutes to write two
complete essays. They are known as the TOEFL integrated essay, and the TOEFL
33. WHAT ARE THE PURPOSES OF
TOEFL WRITING?
The TOEFL Writing aims to assess your ability to:
• Synthesize and summarize what you have read in your textbooks
as well as what you have heard in and out of class.
• Form your own opinion based on the facts you have gathered.
• Demonstrate a strong primary concept and a well-structured
structure with well-developed arguments backed up by solid
proof.
• Show your knowledge on how to use grammar and language
effectively.
• Use appropriate length, tone, and conclusion on your essay .
34. The writing task contains two tasks. Task 1 is an integrated skills
task – you read and listen first, then you write an essay based on
what you have read and heard.
You may take notes while you read and listen and use your notes to
help prepare your essay.
You are scored on how well you select and correctly present
information from the lecture as it relates to information in the
reading passage as well as on how well you write generally
(vocabulary, grammar, and organization).
35. Task 2 is an independent writing task – you write an essay on a
familiar topic, based on a short prompt. You are scored on how well
you address the topic, as well as on how well you organize the essay
and use vocabulary and grammar.
36. This is the most common essay style.
Question 1
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Overall, the
widespread use of the internet has a mostly positive effect on life in
today’s world.
Question 2
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? When doing
research, it is better to use printed materials such as books and articles
than it is to use the Internet. Use specific reasons and examples to
support your answer.
37. Question 3
Students who are given grades work harder than those who are not.
Do you agree or disagree? Use specific reasons and examples to
support your opinion.
Question 4
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? In my
country, young people have better lives than their parents had when
they were young. Use reasons and examples to support your
answer.
38. REFERENCES
TOEFL iBT 2008-2009 Edition. Kaplan Publishing. New York
TOEFL iBT Reading: How to Practice at Home. You Tube. TST Prep
TOEFL