The document provides a historical overview of Eritrea from pre-colonial times through independence. It describes how Eritrea was ruled by the Ottoman Empire, Egyptians, Italians, British, and Ethiopians at different points. In 1952, Eritrea was federated with Ethiopia under the United Nations, but Emperor Haile Selassie attempted to undermine Eritrea's autonomy. This led to a 30-year war for independence by Eritrean rebel groups. In 1991, the Eritrean People's Liberation Front established a provisional government and Eritrea gained independence after a referendum.
Emperor Haile Selassie I of Ethiopia was the first head of state from Africa to visit the United States in 1954. He was invited by President Dwight D. Eisenhower on a two month tour to recognize Ethiopia's contributions as one of the first nations freed from Axis occupation during World War II and for sending troops to support the United Nations in the Korean War. During his visit, Haile Selassie was one of the most famous international celebrities and remembered for his 1936 appeal to the League of Nations when Italy invaded Ethiopia. His quotes warned of the dangers of inaction and indifference in the face of injustice and evil.
56 Vol 9, no 1, (2017) pp (56 -61) Tit.docxblondellchancy
56
Vol 9, no 1, (2017): pp (56 -61)
Title: Ras Mikael of Wollo and the Campaign of Adwa
Misganaw Tadesse1
Abstract:
Ethiopian victory over the Italian colonial expansion at the Battle of Adwa in 1896 was the
cumulative result of Emperor Menelik and his efficient war generals. Among his abled war
leaders was the father of Lij Iyasu (the uncrowned Emperor), the grandfather of Empress Menen
(Emperor Haile-Sellassie’s wife), the founder of the town of Dessie and the governor of Wollo
Province – Ras Mikaelof Wollo. He played a crucial role at the battle of Adwa which was fought
to defend Ethiopia from foreign colonial invasion. Thus this paper tries to examine the
contrinbtion of Ras Mikael during the battle of Adwa.
Keywords:
Ras Mikael, Wollo, Lij Eyasu, battle of Adwa, Aste Menelik , Etige Taytu
PhD Student, University of Western Cape, Department of History, Cape Town, South
Africa:Email [email protected]
mailto:[email protected]
57
Introduction
Ras1Mikael was one of the well recognized governors of the province. He is known for
establishing strong affiliation with Emperors Yohannes and Menilek. This paved way for
him to have a significant part in the politics of the time. He was able to be one of the great
nobles of the time. Mikaél made various contributions in the history of late nineteenth and
early twentieth centuries Ethiopia. Most importantly he played a crucial role at the battle of
Adwa which was fought to defend Ethiopia from foreign colonial invasion. Thus this paper
tries to examine the part of Mikale during the battle of Adwa.
Like his predecessors, Ras Mikaél is said to have been a strong and brave fighter and he was
known for building a strong army, recruiting soldiers from the different areas of Wollo.
Written sources referred to Mikaél’s soldiers as the ‘Galla’ forces.2 This might be misleading
as meaning his forces were entirely Oromos. Many of his soldiers were recruited from the
non-Oromo speaking districts of Wärä-Ilu, Lasta, Dälanta, and Amhara Sayint.3
The British traveler, Sir Gerald Portal, who came to the court of Emperor Yohannes in 1887,
had had the chance to personally visit and study the military forces of Ras Mikaél. He
estimated the army to be no less than fifty thousand strong, and the fighting men, half this
number, most of them cavalry. By the turn of the century, the army grew to seventy
thousand.4 According to Harold Marcus, in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century,
the army of Ras Mikaél was considered to be one of the best in Ethiopia.5
Leading the army, Ras Mikaél participated in many battles and fought to defend the empire
from foreign invasions. The first of these was at Saati in Eritrea. On June 3, 1884, Ethiopia
signed a treaty with the British government. In this treaty, which came to be known as the
Treaty of Adwa, better known as the Hewett Treaty, Emperor Yohannes agreed to facilitate
the ...
This slide entitled Friends of Ethiopia from across the Globe is designed to give credit to good hearted persons from across the globe that were helpful to Ethiopia at different moments in the country's history.
56
Vol 9, no 1, (2017): pp (56 -61)
Title: Ras Mikael of Wollo and the Campaign of Adwa
Misganaw Tadesse1
Abstract:
Ethiopian victory over the Italian colonial expansion at the Battle of Adwa in 1896 was the
cumulative result of Emperor Menelik and his efficient war generals. Among his abled war
leaders was the father of Lij Iyasu (the uncrowned Emperor), the grandfather of Empress Menen
(Emperor Haile-Sellassie’s wife), the founder of the town of Dessie and the governor of Wollo
Province – Ras Mikaelof Wollo. He played a crucial role at the battle of Adwa which was fought
to defend Ethiopia from foreign colonial invasion. Thus this paper tries to examine the
contrinbtion of Ras Mikael during the battle of Adwa.
Keywords:
Ras Mikael, Wollo, Lij Eyasu, battle of Adwa, Aste Menelik , Etige Taytu
PhD Student, University of Western Cape, Department of History, Cape Town, South
Africa:Email [email protected]
mailto:[email protected]
57
Introduction
Ras1Mikael was one of the well recognized governors of the province. He is known for
establishing strong affiliation with Emperors Yohannes and Menilek. This paved way for
him to have a significant part in the politics of the time. He was able to be one of the great
nobles of the time. Mikaél made various contributions in the history of late nineteenth and
early twentieth centuries Ethiopia. Most importantly he played a crucial role at the battle of
Adwa which was fought to defend Ethiopia from foreign colonial invasion. Thus this paper
tries to examine the part of Mikale during the battle of Adwa.
Like his predecessors, Ras Mikaél is said to have been a strong and brave fighter and he was
known for building a strong army, recruiting soldiers from the different areas of Wollo.
Written sources referred to Mikaél’s soldiers as the ‘Galla’ forces.2 This might be misleading
as meaning his forces were entirely Oromos. Many of his soldiers were recruited from the
non-Oromo speaking districts of Wärä-Ilu, Lasta, Dälanta, and Amhara Sayint.3
The British traveler, Sir Gerald Portal, who came to the court of Emperor Yohannes in 1887,
had had the chance to personally visit and study the military forces of Ras Mikaél. He
estimated the army to be no less than fifty thousand strong, and the fighting men, half this
number, most of them cavalry. By the turn of the century, the army grew to seventy
thousand.4 According to Harold Marcus, in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century,
the army of Ras Mikaél was considered to be one of the best in Ethiopia.5
Leading the army, Ras Mikaél participated in many battles and fought to defend the empire
from foreign invasions. The first of these was at Saati in Eritrea. On June 3, 1884, Ethiopia
signed a treaty with the British government. In this treaty, which came to be known as the
Treaty of Adwa, better known as the Hewett Treaty, Emperor Yohannes agreed to facilitate
the ...
Decolonization in the post wwi era (part 2 of chapter 21)Colleen Skadl
- The document discusses decolonization in various regions following World War 1, including India, Egypt, Turkey, Palestine, and parts of Africa.
- In India, nationalist leaders built a strong Hindu base but alienated Muslims, and figures like B.G. Tilak advocated for Hindu nationalism, causing concern for minority religions. Mohandas Gandhi later advocated for non-violent resistance.
- In Egypt, the British occupied in 1882 and imposed economic reforms benefiting elites but not masses. Nationalism emerged from the middle-class Effendi, but they failed to build mass support like in India. Uprisings increased calls for independence.
- Following WWI, Mustafa Kemal
The document discusses the history of the Battle of Adwa fought between Ethiopia and Italy in 1896. It provides details on:
1) The Battle of Adwa in 1896 was a decisive victory for Ethiopia over Italian forces, preventing Italian colonization.
2) Key details on the battle include that it took place on March 1, 1896 in northern Ethiopia.
3) The Adwa victory is celebrated annually in Ethiopia as it inspired pan-Africanism and Ethiopian independence from European colonizers like Italy.
The document provides a historical overview of Eritrea from pre-colonial times through independence. It describes how Eritrea was ruled by the Ottoman Empire, Egyptians, Italians, British, and Ethiopians at different points. In 1952, Eritrea was federated with Ethiopia under the United Nations, but Emperor Haile Selassie attempted to undermine Eritrea's autonomy. This led to a 30-year war for independence by Eritrean rebel groups. In 1991, the Eritrean People's Liberation Front established a provisional government and Eritrea gained independence after a referendum.
Emperor Haile Selassie I of Ethiopia was the first head of state from Africa to visit the United States in 1954. He was invited by President Dwight D. Eisenhower on a two month tour to recognize Ethiopia's contributions as one of the first nations freed from Axis occupation during World War II and for sending troops to support the United Nations in the Korean War. During his visit, Haile Selassie was one of the most famous international celebrities and remembered for his 1936 appeal to the League of Nations when Italy invaded Ethiopia. His quotes warned of the dangers of inaction and indifference in the face of injustice and evil.
56 Vol 9, no 1, (2017) pp (56 -61) Tit.docxblondellchancy
56
Vol 9, no 1, (2017): pp (56 -61)
Title: Ras Mikael of Wollo and the Campaign of Adwa
Misganaw Tadesse1
Abstract:
Ethiopian victory over the Italian colonial expansion at the Battle of Adwa in 1896 was the
cumulative result of Emperor Menelik and his efficient war generals. Among his abled war
leaders was the father of Lij Iyasu (the uncrowned Emperor), the grandfather of Empress Menen
(Emperor Haile-Sellassie’s wife), the founder of the town of Dessie and the governor of Wollo
Province – Ras Mikaelof Wollo. He played a crucial role at the battle of Adwa which was fought
to defend Ethiopia from foreign colonial invasion. Thus this paper tries to examine the
contrinbtion of Ras Mikael during the battle of Adwa.
Keywords:
Ras Mikael, Wollo, Lij Eyasu, battle of Adwa, Aste Menelik , Etige Taytu
PhD Student, University of Western Cape, Department of History, Cape Town, South
Africa:Email [email protected]
mailto:[email protected]
57
Introduction
Ras1Mikael was one of the well recognized governors of the province. He is known for
establishing strong affiliation with Emperors Yohannes and Menilek. This paved way for
him to have a significant part in the politics of the time. He was able to be one of the great
nobles of the time. Mikaél made various contributions in the history of late nineteenth and
early twentieth centuries Ethiopia. Most importantly he played a crucial role at the battle of
Adwa which was fought to defend Ethiopia from foreign colonial invasion. Thus this paper
tries to examine the part of Mikale during the battle of Adwa.
Like his predecessors, Ras Mikaél is said to have been a strong and brave fighter and he was
known for building a strong army, recruiting soldiers from the different areas of Wollo.
Written sources referred to Mikaél’s soldiers as the ‘Galla’ forces.2 This might be misleading
as meaning his forces were entirely Oromos. Many of his soldiers were recruited from the
non-Oromo speaking districts of Wärä-Ilu, Lasta, Dälanta, and Amhara Sayint.3
The British traveler, Sir Gerald Portal, who came to the court of Emperor Yohannes in 1887,
had had the chance to personally visit and study the military forces of Ras Mikaél. He
estimated the army to be no less than fifty thousand strong, and the fighting men, half this
number, most of them cavalry. By the turn of the century, the army grew to seventy
thousand.4 According to Harold Marcus, in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century,
the army of Ras Mikaél was considered to be one of the best in Ethiopia.5
Leading the army, Ras Mikaél participated in many battles and fought to defend the empire
from foreign invasions. The first of these was at Saati in Eritrea. On June 3, 1884, Ethiopia
signed a treaty with the British government. In this treaty, which came to be known as the
Treaty of Adwa, better known as the Hewett Treaty, Emperor Yohannes agreed to facilitate
the ...
This slide entitled Friends of Ethiopia from across the Globe is designed to give credit to good hearted persons from across the globe that were helpful to Ethiopia at different moments in the country's history.
56
Vol 9, no 1, (2017): pp (56 -61)
Title: Ras Mikael of Wollo and the Campaign of Adwa
Misganaw Tadesse1
Abstract:
Ethiopian victory over the Italian colonial expansion at the Battle of Adwa in 1896 was the
cumulative result of Emperor Menelik and his efficient war generals. Among his abled war
leaders was the father of Lij Iyasu (the uncrowned Emperor), the grandfather of Empress Menen
(Emperor Haile-Sellassie’s wife), the founder of the town of Dessie and the governor of Wollo
Province – Ras Mikaelof Wollo. He played a crucial role at the battle of Adwa which was fought
to defend Ethiopia from foreign colonial invasion. Thus this paper tries to examine the
contrinbtion of Ras Mikael during the battle of Adwa.
Keywords:
Ras Mikael, Wollo, Lij Eyasu, battle of Adwa, Aste Menelik , Etige Taytu
PhD Student, University of Western Cape, Department of History, Cape Town, South
Africa:Email [email protected]
mailto:[email protected]
57
Introduction
Ras1Mikael was one of the well recognized governors of the province. He is known for
establishing strong affiliation with Emperors Yohannes and Menilek. This paved way for
him to have a significant part in the politics of the time. He was able to be one of the great
nobles of the time. Mikaél made various contributions in the history of late nineteenth and
early twentieth centuries Ethiopia. Most importantly he played a crucial role at the battle of
Adwa which was fought to defend Ethiopia from foreign colonial invasion. Thus this paper
tries to examine the part of Mikale during the battle of Adwa.
Like his predecessors, Ras Mikaél is said to have been a strong and brave fighter and he was
known for building a strong army, recruiting soldiers from the different areas of Wollo.
Written sources referred to Mikaél’s soldiers as the ‘Galla’ forces.2 This might be misleading
as meaning his forces were entirely Oromos. Many of his soldiers were recruited from the
non-Oromo speaking districts of Wärä-Ilu, Lasta, Dälanta, and Amhara Sayint.3
The British traveler, Sir Gerald Portal, who came to the court of Emperor Yohannes in 1887,
had had the chance to personally visit and study the military forces of Ras Mikaél. He
estimated the army to be no less than fifty thousand strong, and the fighting men, half this
number, most of them cavalry. By the turn of the century, the army grew to seventy
thousand.4 According to Harold Marcus, in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century,
the army of Ras Mikaél was considered to be one of the best in Ethiopia.5
Leading the army, Ras Mikaél participated in many battles and fought to defend the empire
from foreign invasions. The first of these was at Saati in Eritrea. On June 3, 1884, Ethiopia
signed a treaty with the British government. In this treaty, which came to be known as the
Treaty of Adwa, better known as the Hewett Treaty, Emperor Yohannes agreed to facilitate
the ...
Decolonization in the post wwi era (part 2 of chapter 21)Colleen Skadl
- The document discusses decolonization in various regions following World War 1, including India, Egypt, Turkey, Palestine, and parts of Africa.
- In India, nationalist leaders built a strong Hindu base but alienated Muslims, and figures like B.G. Tilak advocated for Hindu nationalism, causing concern for minority religions. Mohandas Gandhi later advocated for non-violent resistance.
- In Egypt, the British occupied in 1882 and imposed economic reforms benefiting elites but not masses. Nationalism emerged from the middle-class Effendi, but they failed to build mass support like in India. Uprisings increased calls for independence.
- Following WWI, Mustafa Kemal
The document discusses the history of the Battle of Adwa fought between Ethiopia and Italy in 1896. It provides details on:
1) The Battle of Adwa in 1896 was a decisive victory for Ethiopia over Italian forces, preventing Italian colonization.
2) Key details on the battle include that it took place on March 1, 1896 in northern Ethiopia.
3) The Adwa victory is celebrated annually in Ethiopia as it inspired pan-Africanism and Ethiopian independence from European colonizers like Italy.
The Thiaroye Massacre occurred in 1944 in Thiaroye, Senegal when French forces massacred French West African troops known as Tirailleurs Sénégalais. The Tirailleurs Sénégalais were West African colonial troops who fought for France in World War I and World War II. In December 1944, after being demobilized from World War II service, the troops were protesting at a demobilization camp in Thiaroye over unpaid wages and benefits. The French forces opened fire on the protesting troops, killing 44 soldiers in what became known as the Thiaroye Massacre. The massacre underscored tensions and broken promises between France and the colonial troops from
Geography: Ethiopia is located in the Horn of Africa. It has an area of 1.1 million square kilometers. The capital and largest city is Addis Ababa.
People: Ethiopia has over 80 ethnic groups speaking over 80 languages. The largest ethnic groups are the Oromo and Amhara. The population is approximately 88 million. Most people are Christian or Muslim.
History: Ethiopia is one of the oldest countries in the world, with a long history dating back over 3,000 years. It was never colonized by European powers and defeated Italy in the 1896 Battle of Adwa, making it a symbol of African independence.
Ethiopia historic highlights july 21, 2013Nebiyu Asfaw
This document provides an overview of Ethiopia across several topics:
- Geography: Ethiopia is located in Eastern Africa, bordering several countries, with diverse terrain and natural resources.
- Demographics: The population is highly diverse with over 80 ethnic groups speaking 90+ languages. Most practice Christianity or Islam.
- History: Ethiopia has a long written history dating back 3000+ years, and was one of the first to adopt Christianity and provide refuge to Muslims. It has many significant archaeological and religious sites.
- Culture: Ethiopian culture is expressed through unique food, coffee ceremonies, musical traditions, and the Ge'ez writing system dating back millennia. Ethiopia has maintained independence throughout its history.
Sadat and Begin were awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1978 for their historic efforts to build peace in the Middle East, with Sadat traveling to Jerusalem to present his peace plan to Israel. Che Guevara was a trained doctor and guerilla leader who fought alongside Castro in the Cuban Revolution and became a symbol of rebellion. Mahatma Gandhi led India to independence from British rule through non-violent civil disobedience and became the face of the new nation.
Ottoman engagement in Southern Africa - Selim ArgunAwqafSA
The Ottoman Empire had significant engagement in Southern Africa from the 16th-20th centuries. It established military cooperation and training with local groups like the Zulu to counter European colonial powers. The Ottomans sent troops to Mozambique and participated in regional trade fairs. They also built mosques, provided humanitarian aid, and issued passports for South African Muslims. The Hamidia Mosque in Johannesburg played an important role in Gandhi's non-violent resistance campaigns of the early 1900s. Today, Turkey seeks stronger economic and cultural ties with African nations through partnerships, exchanges, and humanitarian assistance.
The document summarizes the history of a Tabot, a consecrated wooden altar slab that represents the Ark of the Covenant in the Ethiopian Orthodox Church. It describes how a Tabot was looted from Ethiopia in 1868 and ended up in St. John's Church in Edinburgh, where it lay unrecognized for over 100 years. In 2002, the Tabot was returned to the Ethiopian Orthodox Church in a ceremony celebrating the restitution of an important cultural and religious artifact.
Ethiopia is located in the Horn of Africa, with its capital and largest city being Addis Ababa. Ethiopia has a long history of independence dating back to pre-colonial times, though it was occupied by Italy briefly from 1936-1941. In recent decades Ethiopia has transitioned from a socialist military regime to a federal democratic republic, adopting a new constitution in 1994. However, Ethiopia still faces challenges of poverty, drought, and malnutrition in some rural areas.
The document summarizes information about the ancient African kingdom of Kush located in present-day northern Sudan and southern Egypt. It discusses Kush's origins and development, names used to refer to the region in ancient texts, sources of information about Kush, and prominent African American scholars who have written about Kush and ancient Nubian civilizations. Images are included showing artifacts, art, maps, and timelines related to the history and culture of ancient Nubia.
1) After liberation from Italian occupation in 1941, Haile Selassie worked to consolidate his absolute rule over Ethiopia by establishing a ministerial government with low-ranking loyalists, revising the constitution in 1955 to expand his powers, and modernizing the military and police.
2) Students began protesting in the 1950s for educational reforms but gradually demanded more political freedoms, challenging Haile Selassie's regime as Marxist ideas spread. Peasant rebellions in the 1960s-70s protested taxation and exploitation.
3) Famine in the 1960s-70s killed many in northern areas and was exposed internationally, weakening support for Haile Selassie's government. The E
This document provides biographical information on several eminent figures from Greek history, literature, and the arts. It describes Alexander the Great as a king of Macedon who conquered the Persian Empire and established one of the largest empires of the ancient world. It also profiles the composer Mikis Theodorakis, known for writing the music for Zorba the Greek; poet Odysseas Elytis, who received the Nobel Prize in Literature; and mathematician Konstantinos Karatheodori, who taught Albert Einstein.
During the 1870s and 1880s in Japan, several uprisings occurred as people protested against the government and demanded more political rights. At the same time, Japan began modernizing its political, economic, social, and military systems based on Western models. The government established a constitution and political parties, expanded education, industrialized the economy, and strengthened the military to compete internationally. However, this rapid modernization caused tensions as traditional Japanese culture and values were threatened.
This document provides a summary of the history of South Africa and the life of Desmond Tutu. It discusses the major tribes that migrated to South Africa, European colonization beginning in the 15th century, the establishment of apartheid in 1948, and the end of apartheid in 1994. It also outlines key events in Desmond Tutu's life, including his upbringing, education, ordination as a priest, role in advocating for racial equality and criticizing apartheid, receipt of the Nobel Peace Prize in 1984, and appointment as Archbishop of Cape Town in 1986. Tutu emerged as an influential voice calling for non-violent protest and international pressure to end apartheid.
Black past and the world (BP Fundraiser, Oct. 26, 2019)Deneb Pulsipher
This document provides images and brief descriptions of 100 historical figures and events from global African history, with representations from over 60 different countries. It highlights the diversity of the African diaspora and their contributions across various fields like government, military, science, arts and more. The spread of figures dates back to 55 BCE and continues to modern day leaders and artists. Statistics are also given on the growth of visitors to the BlackPast.org website that hosts information on these histories.
Atatürk's Life (Biography-Article) by Ali Koray Ozguclukorayozguclu
Mustafa Kemal Atatürk was a Turkish nationalist leader and the founder and first president of the Republic of Turkey. He led Turkey's War of Independence and established secular reforms that modernized Turkey. Atatürk adopted the surname "Atatürk," meaning "Father Turks," in 1934. He served as president from 1923 until his death in 1938, introducing political, legal, cultural, social and economic reforms that established Turkey as a secular nation-state. Atatürk's reforms helped lay the foundations for modern Turkey.
I am preparing to take TOEFL Test myself. I compiled this slide in the preparation process. I thought other friends preparing for the test can benefit from the ideas presented in the slides. Let's go and prepare guys.
The document discusses the pedagogical aspects and advantages of using a stylistic approach to teaching literature at the college level. A stylistic approach teaches students how language is used in literature and how meanings are made through language features. Adopting this approach would help students understand the role of language in literature and analyze unique aspects of different literary works. It also presents language in context and exposes students to complex vocabulary, syntax, and figurative language.
Off-label and Compassionate use of Medications for COVID-19 Treatment Belachew Weldegebriel
This document discusses off-label use of medications to treat COVID-19. It provides background on what constitutes off-label use and examples of drugs like hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin being used off-label to treat COVID-19 since they are approved to treat other conditions. It notes both potential benefits but also risks of off-label use, especially without evidence from controlled clinical trials, as side effects may be mistakenly attributed to the disease. It emphasizes the need for robust trials to evaluate potential treatments and verify their safety and efficacy.
The Thiaroye Massacre occurred in 1944 in Thiaroye, Senegal when French forces massacred French West African troops known as Tirailleurs Sénégalais. The Tirailleurs Sénégalais were West African colonial troops who fought for France in World War I and World War II. In December 1944, after being demobilized from World War II service, the troops were protesting at a demobilization camp in Thiaroye over unpaid wages and benefits. The French forces opened fire on the protesting troops, killing 44 soldiers in what became known as the Thiaroye Massacre. The massacre underscored tensions and broken promises between France and the colonial troops from
Geography: Ethiopia is located in the Horn of Africa. It has an area of 1.1 million square kilometers. The capital and largest city is Addis Ababa.
People: Ethiopia has over 80 ethnic groups speaking over 80 languages. The largest ethnic groups are the Oromo and Amhara. The population is approximately 88 million. Most people are Christian or Muslim.
History: Ethiopia is one of the oldest countries in the world, with a long history dating back over 3,000 years. It was never colonized by European powers and defeated Italy in the 1896 Battle of Adwa, making it a symbol of African independence.
Ethiopia historic highlights july 21, 2013Nebiyu Asfaw
This document provides an overview of Ethiopia across several topics:
- Geography: Ethiopia is located in Eastern Africa, bordering several countries, with diverse terrain and natural resources.
- Demographics: The population is highly diverse with over 80 ethnic groups speaking 90+ languages. Most practice Christianity or Islam.
- History: Ethiopia has a long written history dating back 3000+ years, and was one of the first to adopt Christianity and provide refuge to Muslims. It has many significant archaeological and religious sites.
- Culture: Ethiopian culture is expressed through unique food, coffee ceremonies, musical traditions, and the Ge'ez writing system dating back millennia. Ethiopia has maintained independence throughout its history.
Sadat and Begin were awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1978 for their historic efforts to build peace in the Middle East, with Sadat traveling to Jerusalem to present his peace plan to Israel. Che Guevara was a trained doctor and guerilla leader who fought alongside Castro in the Cuban Revolution and became a symbol of rebellion. Mahatma Gandhi led India to independence from British rule through non-violent civil disobedience and became the face of the new nation.
Ottoman engagement in Southern Africa - Selim ArgunAwqafSA
The Ottoman Empire had significant engagement in Southern Africa from the 16th-20th centuries. It established military cooperation and training with local groups like the Zulu to counter European colonial powers. The Ottomans sent troops to Mozambique and participated in regional trade fairs. They also built mosques, provided humanitarian aid, and issued passports for South African Muslims. The Hamidia Mosque in Johannesburg played an important role in Gandhi's non-violent resistance campaigns of the early 1900s. Today, Turkey seeks stronger economic and cultural ties with African nations through partnerships, exchanges, and humanitarian assistance.
The document summarizes the history of a Tabot, a consecrated wooden altar slab that represents the Ark of the Covenant in the Ethiopian Orthodox Church. It describes how a Tabot was looted from Ethiopia in 1868 and ended up in St. John's Church in Edinburgh, where it lay unrecognized for over 100 years. In 2002, the Tabot was returned to the Ethiopian Orthodox Church in a ceremony celebrating the restitution of an important cultural and religious artifact.
Ethiopia is located in the Horn of Africa, with its capital and largest city being Addis Ababa. Ethiopia has a long history of independence dating back to pre-colonial times, though it was occupied by Italy briefly from 1936-1941. In recent decades Ethiopia has transitioned from a socialist military regime to a federal democratic republic, adopting a new constitution in 1994. However, Ethiopia still faces challenges of poverty, drought, and malnutrition in some rural areas.
The document summarizes information about the ancient African kingdom of Kush located in present-day northern Sudan and southern Egypt. It discusses Kush's origins and development, names used to refer to the region in ancient texts, sources of information about Kush, and prominent African American scholars who have written about Kush and ancient Nubian civilizations. Images are included showing artifacts, art, maps, and timelines related to the history and culture of ancient Nubia.
1) After liberation from Italian occupation in 1941, Haile Selassie worked to consolidate his absolute rule over Ethiopia by establishing a ministerial government with low-ranking loyalists, revising the constitution in 1955 to expand his powers, and modernizing the military and police.
2) Students began protesting in the 1950s for educational reforms but gradually demanded more political freedoms, challenging Haile Selassie's regime as Marxist ideas spread. Peasant rebellions in the 1960s-70s protested taxation and exploitation.
3) Famine in the 1960s-70s killed many in northern areas and was exposed internationally, weakening support for Haile Selassie's government. The E
This document provides biographical information on several eminent figures from Greek history, literature, and the arts. It describes Alexander the Great as a king of Macedon who conquered the Persian Empire and established one of the largest empires of the ancient world. It also profiles the composer Mikis Theodorakis, known for writing the music for Zorba the Greek; poet Odysseas Elytis, who received the Nobel Prize in Literature; and mathematician Konstantinos Karatheodori, who taught Albert Einstein.
During the 1870s and 1880s in Japan, several uprisings occurred as people protested against the government and demanded more political rights. At the same time, Japan began modernizing its political, economic, social, and military systems based on Western models. The government established a constitution and political parties, expanded education, industrialized the economy, and strengthened the military to compete internationally. However, this rapid modernization caused tensions as traditional Japanese culture and values were threatened.
This document provides a summary of the history of South Africa and the life of Desmond Tutu. It discusses the major tribes that migrated to South Africa, European colonization beginning in the 15th century, the establishment of apartheid in 1948, and the end of apartheid in 1994. It also outlines key events in Desmond Tutu's life, including his upbringing, education, ordination as a priest, role in advocating for racial equality and criticizing apartheid, receipt of the Nobel Peace Prize in 1984, and appointment as Archbishop of Cape Town in 1986. Tutu emerged as an influential voice calling for non-violent protest and international pressure to end apartheid.
Black past and the world (BP Fundraiser, Oct. 26, 2019)Deneb Pulsipher
This document provides images and brief descriptions of 100 historical figures and events from global African history, with representations from over 60 different countries. It highlights the diversity of the African diaspora and their contributions across various fields like government, military, science, arts and more. The spread of figures dates back to 55 BCE and continues to modern day leaders and artists. Statistics are also given on the growth of visitors to the BlackPast.org website that hosts information on these histories.
Atatürk's Life (Biography-Article) by Ali Koray Ozguclukorayozguclu
Mustafa Kemal Atatürk was a Turkish nationalist leader and the founder and first president of the Republic of Turkey. He led Turkey's War of Independence and established secular reforms that modernized Turkey. Atatürk adopted the surname "Atatürk," meaning "Father Turks," in 1934. He served as president from 1923 until his death in 1938, introducing political, legal, cultural, social and economic reforms that established Turkey as a secular nation-state. Atatürk's reforms helped lay the foundations for modern Turkey.
Similar to Great Internationally Recognized Ethiopians.pptx (16)
I am preparing to take TOEFL Test myself. I compiled this slide in the preparation process. I thought other friends preparing for the test can benefit from the ideas presented in the slides. Let's go and prepare guys.
The document discusses the pedagogical aspects and advantages of using a stylistic approach to teaching literature at the college level. A stylistic approach teaches students how language is used in literature and how meanings are made through language features. Adopting this approach would help students understand the role of language in literature and analyze unique aspects of different literary works. It also presents language in context and exposes students to complex vocabulary, syntax, and figurative language.
Off-label and Compassionate use of Medications for COVID-19 Treatment Belachew Weldegebriel
This document discusses off-label use of medications to treat COVID-19. It provides background on what constitutes off-label use and examples of drugs like hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin being used off-label to treat COVID-19 since they are approved to treat other conditions. It notes both potential benefits but also risks of off-label use, especially without evidence from controlled clinical trials, as side effects may be mistakenly attributed to the disease. It emphasizes the need for robust trials to evaluate potential treatments and verify their safety and efficacy.
This document defines and discusses oral literature. It notes that oral literature refers to verbal art transmitted through word of mouth, including epic poems, songs, myths, and folk tales. Oral literature is produced anonymously and passed down generations through oral transmission. It serves purposes like educating societies, passing on culture and messages, entertainment, and filling time. Oral works are typically shorter forms, fluid, meant to be performed, reflective of shared values, and closely tied to performance contexts.
Fundamentals of Literature
The Concept of Literature
By Belachew Weldegebriel
Jimma University
College of Social Sciences and Humanities
Department of English Language and Literature
Jimma, Ethiopia
This document defines and distinguishes between different types of fiction, including short stories, novellas, and novels. It notes that fiction is a narrative that includes imaginary or invented events, in contrast to non-fiction which deals with factual information. Short stories are brief narratives that focus on a single event or idea, while novellas and novels are longer forms that can incorporate more complex plots, characters, and themes over a greater length. Novels are the longest form of fictional narrative.
- Romantic literary criticism was developed by William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge in works like Lyrical Ballads and Biographia Literaria.
- They shifted attention from poetry reflecting reality to the poet's expression of emotions and relationship to their work. Poetry became an expressive rather than mimetic art.
- Romantic critics like Wordsworth and Coleridge were also poets who produced the new Romantic poetry and wrote essential commentaries explaining their creative practices.
Neoclassical Literary Criticism
Compled by: Belachew Weldegebriel (Assistant Professor/English Literature)
Jimma University
CSSH
Department of English Language and Literature
Jimma, Ethiopia
Literary Theory and Criticism
By Belachew Weldegebriel
Jimma University
College of Social Sciences and Humanities
Department of English Language and Literature
This document provides an overview of Ethiopian literature written in English. It defines Ethiopian literature in English as creative works written in English by Ethiopians or about Ethiopia that reflect Ethiopian contexts and issues. While Ethiopia has a long tradition of literature in indigenous languages, writing in English first emerged in the 1960s and was influenced by Ethiopian intellectuals educated abroad. Some key reasons authors have chosen to write in English include reaching a broader international audience, avoiding censorship by publishing overseas, and using a language better equipped to discuss diverse concepts. However, English literature from Ethiopia remains in its infancy compared to its vernacular traditions.
Fundamentals of Literature
Compiled by: Belachew Weldegebriel (bellachew@gmail.com)
Jimma University
CSSH
Department of English Language and Literature
1.1 Definition of Literature
This document discusses common sentence errors and how to correct them. It covers faulty sentences like fragments, run-on sentences, comma splices, lack of parallelism, misplaced and dangling modifiers, subject-verb and pronoun-antecedent agreement issues. Examples of each error are provided along with the corrections. Exercises are included for the reader to identify errors and rewrite sentences correctly. The goal is to help writers improve basic writing skills by learning to identify and fix common grammatical mistakes in sentences.
This document provides an introduction to literary theory and criticism. It defines key terms like "criticism", discusses what literary criticism is, and defines a literary critic. It also explains literary theory as different lenses that critics use to analyze works. The document outlines four main types of literary criticism: practical, theoretical, descriptive, and prescriptive. It also summarizes four major theories of literary criticism: mimetic, pragmatic, expressive, and objective. Finally, it discusses traditional approaches like historical/biographical and moral/philosophical criticism as well as modern approaches like formalism, psychoanalysis, feminism, and Marxism.
Basic Writing Skills (Sentence Level)
By Belachew Weldegebriel (bellachew@gmail.com)
Sentence
What is a sentence?
Definitions, Examples, . . .
A sentence
is a group of words which consists of subject and predicate and
expresses a complete thought.
Subject – names who/what is being talked about
Predicate – tells us something about the subject (action/ state of being).
Examples: Subject + verb
The baby cried.
The old man died.
She has gone.
The game ended.
Everyone laughed.
The beautiful girl giggled.
Examples: Subject (verb + adverb)
The baby cried bitterly.
The old man died yesterday.
We worked hard.
They played well.
Examples: Subject + trans verb + object
The boy kicked the ball.
The dog bit the girl.
The satellite rotates the earth.
Edison invented the electric bulb.
The chairman made a livelily speech.
Examples: Subject + trans verb + Direct object + Indirect Object
The President awarded him a gold medal.
I bade my friends a sad farewell.
He gave her some flowers.
She told me an interesting story.
Subject + link verb + complement
The room smells bad.
She felt sick.
Samuel is an engineer.
The boy is clever.
We are soldiers.
This is a disastrous action.
She was a beloved girl.
They were very friendly.
To sum up, a sentence:
must have subject and predicate (verb);
must express a complete thought;
needs to make sense;
must have a logical word order;
has to begin with a capital letter and end with appropriate terminal/end punctuation mark (./?/!)
can be short or long.
should be acceptable to native speakers of the language.
Look at the following group of wordsCan they qualify a sentence?
The clever student in our class.
If you go home earlier.
Samuel killed a big stone.
the party ruled South Africa for the past 40 years.
are Ethiopians we all
The beautiful girl walking down stairs.
The rain was envious.
She sang a beautiful song.
Sentence Types: Declarative, Interrogative, Imperative and Exclamatory Belachew Weldegebriel
Sentence Types by Function
Compiled and presented by Belachew W/Gebriel
Jimma University
CSSH
Department of English language and Literature
What is a sentence?
A sentence is a group of words that makes sense.
A sentence expresses a complete thought.
A sentence begins with a capital letter and ends with appropriate terminal punctuation mark.
A sentence has at least one subject and one verb.
There are four types of sentences by function/meaning.
Declarative Sentence – statement
Interrogative Sentence - Question
Imperative Sentence – Command and Request
Exclamatory Sentence
Declarative sentence
A declarative sentence makes a statement.
It is punctuated by a period.
Examples: The concert begins in two hours.
Green is my favorite color.
Addis Ababa is the capital city of Ethiopia.
I love my country.
Dr. Abegaz is the founder of Cardiac Center.
True love never fades with time.
Interrogative Sentence
An interrogative sentence asks a question.
It ends in a question Mark(?)
An indirect question ends with a period(.)
There are four different types of interrogative sentences: Wh-questions, yes or no questions, alternative questions, tag questions
Types of Interrogative Sentences
Wh-Questions
Imperative Sentence
An imperative sentence gives an order or makes a polite request. Imperatives can also express good wish.
It ends with a period or exclamation mark (./!)
Example
Please lower your voice.
Meet me at the town square.
Would you close the door please?
Eat your lunch.
Have a good time at the picnic.
May you live long!
Exclamatory Sentence
An exclamatory sentence expresses strong feelings, great emotion or excitement.
It ends with exclamation mark.
Examples: Wow! That is great news!
The river is rising!
The house is on fire!
Oh, what a great job!
What an interesting story!
Practice Questions
Identify the sentence types.
What Kind of candy do you like?
Wow, you did great!
I love to watch old movies.
Go and bring me some paper.
Practice with key
What Kind of candy do you like?(Interrogative)
Wow, you did great! (Exclamatory)
I love to watch old movies. (Declarative)
Go and bring me some Paper. (Imperative)
Exercise
What a silly man!
You look so beautiful!
Two of my students were absent today.
Our math teacher is tall.
Watch carefully for pirate ships on the horizon.
The trains leaves tomorrow at noon.
Have you brushed your teeth today?
Stop talking so loudly!
Exercise
9. Shut the door please.
10. The train left an hour ago.
11. How old is your daughter?
12. Do not open the presents until the morning!
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 InventoryCeline George
In this slide, we'll explore how to set up warehouses and locations in Odoo 17 Inventory. This will help us manage our stock effectively, track inventory levels, and streamline warehouse operations.
Philippine Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) CurriculumMJDuyan
(𝐓𝐋𝐄 𝟏𝟎𝟎) (𝐋𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐨𝐧 𝟏)-𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐬
𝐃𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐮𝐬𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐄𝐏𝐏 𝐂𝐮𝐫𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐮𝐦 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐏𝐡𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐩𝐩𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐬:
- Understand the goals and objectives of the Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) curriculum, recognizing its importance in fostering practical life skills and values among students. Students will also be able to identify the key components and subjects covered, such as agriculture, home economics, industrial arts, and information and communication technology.
𝐄𝐱𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐍𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐒𝐜𝐨𝐩𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐚𝐧 𝐄𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐮𝐫:
-Define entrepreneurship, distinguishing it from general business activities by emphasizing its focus on innovation, risk-taking, and value creation. Students will describe the characteristics and traits of successful entrepreneurs, including their roles and responsibilities, and discuss the broader economic and social impacts of entrepreneurial activities on both local and global scales.
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
2. 1. Emperor Tewodros II (King)
2. Emperor Menilik II (King)
3. Emperes Tayitu Butul
4. Emperor Haile Selassie I (King)
5. Captain Abebe Bikila (Athlete)
6. Haile Gebre Sillassie (Athlete)
7. PM Abiy Ahmed (PM)
8. Engineer Kitaw Ejigu (Scientist)
9. Hon. Mr. Yidnekachew Tesemma
10. Mulatu Astatikie (Musician, arranger)
11. Hakim Workineh (MD, Surgeon)
12. Abebech Gobena
3. Emperor Tewodros II
Tewodros II, English Theodore II, original name Kassa,
was not of noble birth; Tewodros came to the throne through
warfare against the feudal chiefs.
Not only did he reunify the various Ethiopian kingdoms into
one empire,
Contemporary European accounts portray him as an Ethiopian
Peter the Great, both for his hot temper and cruelty and for his
courage, ambition, military genius, and interest in technology.
4. Emperor Tewodros II
His ambition for modern weaponry led him to imprison several British missionaries and envoys so as
to get them manufacture modern arsenals.
This and his failure to answer queen Victoria letter to settle the matter diplomatically led Great
Britain to send the Napier expedition (1867–68) to rescue the prisoners.
The emperor eventually released the prisoners and committed suicide not to surrender to the British
army that raided maqdella.
British soldiers looted the Imperial palace and the city and left the country as they had no intention
of colonizing the country.
5. Emperor Menilik II
Ethiopian Adwa victory was attained by Empress Taytu Betul and
Emperor Menelik II in 1896 pan-Africanism and secured Ethiopia's
sovereignty.
The Battle of Adwa which took place on March 1, 1896 runs
across the annals of both Ethiopian and African history, as
the first victory of black Africa against a European colonial
power.
6. Declaration of War
Menelik’s famous declaration reads:
“Now an enemy that intends to destroy our homeland and change our religion has come crossing our
God-given frontiers digging in like a mole. Now, with the help of God, I will not allow him to have my
country. You, my countrymen, I have never knowingly hurt you, nor have you hurt me. Help me,
those of you with zeal and will power; those who do not have the zeal, for the sake of your wives and
your religion, help me with your prayers,” (Gebre Selassie, Tarike zaman Zadagmawi Menile Negusa
Nagast Ze-etyopya, 1966, p. 225.)
7. Emperess Tayitu Butul
Taytu Betul was Empress of Ethiopia from 1889 to 1913 and the third
wife of Emperor Menelik II.
The Empress held a hard line against the Italians and when talks
eventually broke down resulting in an invasion, Taitu marched north with
the Emperor and the Imperial Army at the historic Battle of Adwa which
resulted in the humiliating defeat of Italy in March 1894.
In 1889, she collaborated with Emperor Minilik to establish Addis Ababa
as the nation's capital. And it was Taitu who gave Addis Ababa its name.
8. Emperess Tayitu
She was the savior of her nation when it was about to fall into the
hands of the Italian colonizer. Perhaps, there would not have been the
famous Battle of Adwa on March 1, 1896, which marked the Ethiopian
victory against colonialism, without Empress Taytu, for she inspired it.
Empress Taytu had her own battalion at war, which she bravely
commanded in the battlefield, fighting on the frontline and motivating
men against retreat.
Etege Taytu Hotel was the first hotel in the country and accomodated
mostly Ethiopian dignitaries, diplomats and foreigners. It was
constructed by the order of Empress Taitu in 1907 and designed by
Minas Kerbegian.
9. Emperor Haile Selassie I
In January 1936, Time magazine
named Haile Selassie, the
emperor of Ethiopia, its Man of
the Year.
How Italy’s Colonial War In Ethiopia Foreshadowed The
Barbarism Of World War II
10. Haile Sellassie
One of the founding fathers of Organization of African
Union, now AU.
Haile Selassie was regarded as the messiah of all Black
people by the Rastafarian movement.
Rastafarians regard Haile Selassie I as God because
Marcus Garvey's prophecy - "Look to Africa where a
king shall be crowned, he shall be the Redeemer" - was
swiftly followed by the ascension of Haile Selassie as
Emperor of Ethiopia.
Rastafarians use Biblical names such as Lord of Lords,
King of Kings and Conquering Lion of the tribe of Judah
for Haile Selassie.
11. Shambel Abebe Bikila
Abebe Bikila was the first African to win the Olympic marathon
gold medal and is known as the first athlete to win two Olympic
gold medals in marathon.
He won his and Africa’s first gold medal at the 1960 summer
Olympics in Rome while running barefoot.
At 1964 Tokyo Olympics he won the second gold medal.
12. Shambel Abebe Bikila
He also participated in International Paraplegic Games in Norway as a paraplegic after facing a car
accident. The story of his life was a source of inspiration for many people.
A member of the emperor Haile Selassie’s imperial bodyguards, Bikila rose to the rank of captain in
the palace guard.
As a tribute to Abebe Bikila, Siraj Gena ran barefoot for the last three hundred meters of the Abebe
Bikila’s Olympics Race in 2010 and won the same.
The Yaya Abebe Bikila Primary Village School was established by the Mendida community and a
stadium is named in his honor in Addis Ababa.
13. Haile Gebre Sellassie
He won two Olympic gold medals over 10,000 Metres and four World
Championship titles in the event.
He won the Berlin Marathon four times consecutively and also had three
straight wins at the Dubai Marathon.
14. Abiy Ahmed
The 2019 Nobel Peace Prize has been awarded
to Ethiopian Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed
He was awarded the prize for his efforts to "achieve
peace and international cooperation".
Mr. Abiy's peace deal with Eritrea ended a 20-year
military stalemate following their 1998-2000 border
war.
He was named as the winner of the 100th Nobel
Peace Prize in Oslo, where he will receive the
award in December.
15. Kitaw Ejigu
25 February 1948 – 13 January 2006) was an Ethiopian
American scientist and politician who served as chief of
spacecraft and satellite systems engineer for four
decades.
16. Hon. Mr. Yidnekachew Tessema
Tessema was a founding member of the
Confederation of African Football (CAF) in the
late 1950s.
17. Mulatu Astatkie
Mulatu Astatikie is the man who created 'Ethio jazz’
Mulatu Astatke (born 1943) is an Ethiopian musician and
arranger best known as the father of Ethio-jazz.
Mulatu Astatke became an international star in his 60s, thanks
to the Ethiopiques series of reissue albums and the subsequent
use of his music in the Jim Jarmusch movie Broken Flowers.
18. Dr. Mulatu Astatike
Mulatu has received Honorary degrees from Boston Berkley College of Music and Jimma University so
far.
It was noted that Mulatu has played a significant role in introducing the Ethiopian culture and
building country’s image to the rest of the world at large.
Astatke was the first African student at Berklee in the 60s, and he currently sits on the advisory board
for the college's Africa Scholars programme.
19. Hakim Workneh
•'Hakim Workneh Eshete (also known as
Charles Martin; 21 October 1864 – 9 October
1952) was the first Ethiopian educated as a
medical doctor, and an Ethiopian
intellectual.
•Ethiopia’s diplomatic representative in
England at the time of the Italian Fascist
invasion in 1935-6(Richard Pankhurst 2007).
20. Hakim Workneh
He led the Ethiopian diplomatic mission to the United States in 1927, which
negotiated a contract to build a dam on the upper Abay River and, beginning in
1934, He served as Ethiopia's Minister to the United Kingdom.
He went to school in India, Burma and Britain. This enabled him to qualify in due
course as Ethiopia’s first modern-trained physician and surgeon.
21. Abebech Gobena (Organization
Founder)
Abebech Gobena, an Ethiopian prominent philanthropist who
devoted her life to help destitute orphans in Ethiopia,
The Abebech Gobena Orphanage and School now has 200 resident
and 482 non-resident pupils, the government providing some
teachers.
As a result, she had received great awards and accolades from various
national and international organizations as well as an honorary
doctorate degree in humanity from Jimma University.
22. Abebech Gobena
Abebech Gobena is often called Mother Teresa of Africa.
Humanitarian and founder of an organization to support
orphaned and vulnerable children and their communities.
23. References
Tewodros II Emperor of Ethiopia. Encyclopedia Britannica.
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Tewodros-II
Abebech Gobena Published on Jimma University Official Website (https://www.ju.edu.et) Jimma
university, Ethiopia. https://www.ju.edu.et/?q=printpdf/490
The victory of Adwa ignited global resistance against Colonialism. Eagle Eye Lens.
https://eagleeyelen.wordpress.com/2022/03/01/the-victory-of-adwa-ignited-global-resistance-
against-colonialism/
Hakim Workneh, Ethiopia and the Libyan war. November 4, 2007. Richard Pankhurst Historical and
cultural articles on Ethiopia. https://richardpankhurst.wordpress.com/2007/11/04/hakim-workneh-
ethiopia-and-the-libyan-war/
24. References
Ethiopia. December 12, 2015. Facebook. Hakim Workneh Eshete.
https://www.facebook.com/aboutethiopia/posts/hakim-workneh-eshete-also-known-as-charles-
martin-21-october-1864-9-october-1952/10153165065076345/
allaboutETHIO. Ethiopia's First and Largest Blog Network.
Mulatu Astatke (2007) https://www.redbullmusicacademy.com/lectures/mulatu-astatke-ethiopian-
knight
Nobel Peace Prize: Ethiopia PM Abiy Ahmed wins. Published 11 October 2019.
https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-50013273.
https://waltainfo.com/42089/ https://www.thewire.co.uk/news/19115/mulatu-astatke-awarded-
honorary-degree