The document outlines a proposal for a "COVID-19 Smart Response" online platform to facilitate partnerships between public and non-public actors in the EU to combat COVID-19. The platform would match needs requests from governments and healthcare providers with offers of assistance from businesses, NGOs, and other organizations. It would provide tools for registering requests and offers, conducting due diligence on projects, and tracking contributions and partnerships. The proposal discusses technical solutions, target users, and provides examples of potential partnerships to develop medical solutions, supply critical goods, and share best practices.
The document discusses the impact and spread of COVID-19 in Indonesia. It provides details on the first confirmed cases in Indonesia, the increasing number of total cases and deaths, as well as the government's decision to ease restrictions on places of worship and other sectors despite ongoing community transmission. The pandemic has forced people to adapt to a "new normal" with increased use of technology. Overall, the document examines the seriousness of the COVID-19 outbreak in Indonesia.
Containing the COVID 19 Pandemic in Nigeria A Reflection on Government Action...ijtsrd
The outbreak of the COVID 19 pandemic led to the lockdown of the global economy in the early part of the year 2020. In line with the measures recommended by the World Health Organization WHO , countries also introduced further mechanisms based on their respective unique environment to contain the virus. This paper reflected on the citizens’ reactions to government measures in containing the COVID 19 pandemic in Nigeria. Specifically, it reviewed the government’s actions towards containing the virus and how they influenced the citizens’ response. The study was qualitative and focused between March and September 2020. Relying on secondary data that were analyzed through content analysis, we triangulated the Persuasive Communication Theory and Resistance Theory to interrogate the governments actions and the citizens’ reactions. We argued that the governments approach towards containing the virus contributed to i the doubt on the existence of the virus in the country held by some of the citizens, ii the lack of strict observation of precautionary measures and safety regulations, iii the seeming non co operation between the government and the citizens in containing the virus. The implications of this relationship pose challenges for future epidemics, pandemics, and development in the country and could serve as a premise for further research. Vincent Chukwukadibia Onwughalu "Containing the COVID-19 Pandemic in Nigeria: A Reflection on Government Actions and Citizens Reactions" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-6 , October 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd35701.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/other/35701/containing-the-covid19-pandemic-in-nigeria-a-reflection-on-government-actions-and-citizens-reactions/vincent-chukwukadibia-onwughalu
The document discusses recommendations to tackle the growing threat of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Europe. It makes the following key points:
1) AMR is threatening modern medicine as common infections are becoming increasingly difficult to treat. Deaths from drug-resistant infections could rise to 10 million per year by 2050 without action.
2) The document recommends four areas for action: 1) increasing coordination and visibility of cross-border healthcare in the EU; 2) preventing AMR through improved practices in primary care settings and education; 3) implementing manufacturing standards to reduce pharmaceutical pollution; and 4) improving access to new treatments globally.
3) Specific recommendations include establishing a "European Health Semester" to track
This document provides a summary of key trends related to vaccination. It discusses how vaccine hesitancy has increased around the world in recent decades, potentially undermining public health efforts to respond to the COVID-19 pandemic. Employers have an important role to play in encouraging vaccination and responsible behavior during pandemics in order to protect public health and enable businesses and the economy to return to normal. However, the spread of misinformation about health issues and vaccines has undermined trust and compliance with public health recommendations. As research on a COVID-19 vaccine continues, effectively countering misinformation will be important for building confidence in any potential vaccine.
The document discusses livestock disease threats in the UK. It notes that increased global population and meat consumption will lead to growth in the livestock sector and increased risk of disease. Current UK policy focuses on both preventing diseases from entering the country and controlling outbreaks if they occur. Key prevention methods include surveillance, controlling diseases at their source, enforcing biosecurity measures on farms, improving animal traceability, and restricting imports and trade.
The document outlines a proposal for a "COVID-19 Smart Response" online platform to facilitate partnerships between public and non-public actors in the EU to combat COVID-19. The platform would match needs requests from governments and healthcare providers with offers of assistance from businesses, NGOs, and other organizations. It would provide tools for registering requests and offers, conducting due diligence on projects, and tracking contributions and partnerships. The proposal discusses technical solutions, target users, and provides examples of potential partnerships to develop medical solutions, supply critical goods, and share best practices.
The document discusses the impact and spread of COVID-19 in Indonesia. It provides details on the first confirmed cases in Indonesia, the increasing number of total cases and deaths, as well as the government's decision to ease restrictions on places of worship and other sectors despite ongoing community transmission. The pandemic has forced people to adapt to a "new normal" with increased use of technology. Overall, the document examines the seriousness of the COVID-19 outbreak in Indonesia.
Containing the COVID 19 Pandemic in Nigeria A Reflection on Government Action...ijtsrd
The outbreak of the COVID 19 pandemic led to the lockdown of the global economy in the early part of the year 2020. In line with the measures recommended by the World Health Organization WHO , countries also introduced further mechanisms based on their respective unique environment to contain the virus. This paper reflected on the citizens’ reactions to government measures in containing the COVID 19 pandemic in Nigeria. Specifically, it reviewed the government’s actions towards containing the virus and how they influenced the citizens’ response. The study was qualitative and focused between March and September 2020. Relying on secondary data that were analyzed through content analysis, we triangulated the Persuasive Communication Theory and Resistance Theory to interrogate the governments actions and the citizens’ reactions. We argued that the governments approach towards containing the virus contributed to i the doubt on the existence of the virus in the country held by some of the citizens, ii the lack of strict observation of precautionary measures and safety regulations, iii the seeming non co operation between the government and the citizens in containing the virus. The implications of this relationship pose challenges for future epidemics, pandemics, and development in the country and could serve as a premise for further research. Vincent Chukwukadibia Onwughalu "Containing the COVID-19 Pandemic in Nigeria: A Reflection on Government Actions and Citizens Reactions" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-6 , October 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd35701.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/other/35701/containing-the-covid19-pandemic-in-nigeria-a-reflection-on-government-actions-and-citizens-reactions/vincent-chukwukadibia-onwughalu
The document discusses recommendations to tackle the growing threat of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Europe. It makes the following key points:
1) AMR is threatening modern medicine as common infections are becoming increasingly difficult to treat. Deaths from drug-resistant infections could rise to 10 million per year by 2050 without action.
2) The document recommends four areas for action: 1) increasing coordination and visibility of cross-border healthcare in the EU; 2) preventing AMR through improved practices in primary care settings and education; 3) implementing manufacturing standards to reduce pharmaceutical pollution; and 4) improving access to new treatments globally.
3) Specific recommendations include establishing a "European Health Semester" to track
This document provides a summary of key trends related to vaccination. It discusses how vaccine hesitancy has increased around the world in recent decades, potentially undermining public health efforts to respond to the COVID-19 pandemic. Employers have an important role to play in encouraging vaccination and responsible behavior during pandemics in order to protect public health and enable businesses and the economy to return to normal. However, the spread of misinformation about health issues and vaccines has undermined trust and compliance with public health recommendations. As research on a COVID-19 vaccine continues, effectively countering misinformation will be important for building confidence in any potential vaccine.
The document discusses livestock disease threats in the UK. It notes that increased global population and meat consumption will lead to growth in the livestock sector and increased risk of disease. Current UK policy focuses on both preventing diseases from entering the country and controlling outbreaks if they occur. Key prevention methods include surveillance, controlling diseases at their source, enforcing biosecurity measures on farms, improving animal traceability, and restricting imports and trade.
This document provides an overview of pandemics throughout history, including definitions, examples of major pandemics, mathematical models used to study infectious diseases, and features of the current COVID-19 pandemic. It discusses pandemics from 430 BC to present day, historical models for understanding pandemics, and key concepts like the basic reproduction number and pandemic stages. The document concludes with statistics on COVID-19 cases worldwide and in India/West Bengal as of September 2020.
The document discusses the COVID-19 outbreak in Italy. It summarizes the increasingly strict measures the Italian government has taken to limit citizens' movement and close public spaces. As of March 16th, there were over 27,000 confirmed cases in Italy, a rate of growth that has doubled over the past week. Data on patient characteristics and outcomes is still limited. Improved collection and sharing of surveillance data across countries is needed to better inform the response.
The document discusses epidemics and pandemics, providing definitions and examples. An epidemic refers to the rapid spread of disease within a population or region, while a pandemic describes disease spread across multiple countries or continents. Examples of epidemics include influenza and cholera, while pandemics include COVID-19 and HIV/AIDS. The document also discusses India's response to COVID-19 by invoking the Epidemic Diseases Act of 1897, which allows governments to take special measures to contain disease outbreaks.
This document provides an epidemiological update on the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) as of February 14, 2020. It summarizes the global and regional situation, including 49,070 confirmed cases worldwide with the majority in China, and 22 confirmed cases across the United States and Canada in the Region of the Americas. It assessed the overall regional risk as high and provides guidance and recommendations for national authorities, including strengthening surveillance, laboratory testing, and infection prevention and control measures.
Overview of the national Methadone Maintenance Treatment (MMT) program in Vie...Geraldine Cazorla
This document provides an overview of Vietnam's national Methadone Maintenance Treatment (MMT) program, including a discussion of its implementation process, key issues, and opportunities for scaling up. The author conducted surveys of key stakeholders and MMT clients/injecting drug users to analyze the program across four domains: legal framework, stakeholder responsibilities, financing, and technical factors. Key findings include contradictory responsibilities among government agencies, limited MMT supply and training capacity, challenges securing sustainable funding, and inconsistencies in legal frameworks. The author recommends clarifying roles, increasing resources, diversifying funding sources, and revising policies to address these issues and improve the national MMT program in Vietnam.
TB and HIV epidemics are closely linked, with each exacerbating the other. People with HIV are at much higher risk of developing active TB disease. TB is also a leading cause of death among people with HIV. Integrated and collaborative efforts are needed globally using the "Three I's" approach of intensified TB case finding, isoniazid preventive therapy, and infection control to reduce the burden of TB among people living with HIV and HIV among TB patients.
Fact and Opinion about Covid-19 outbreakNoviaNatalia1
The document discusses the COVID-19 pandemic, including its origins in Wuhan, China in December 2019. It describes how the virus spreads through respiratory droplets and contaminated surfaces. Symptoms include fever, cough and shortness of breath. Over 2 million cases and 195,000 deaths had been reported globally by April 2020. Governments implemented travel restrictions, quarantines and facility closures to prevent further spread. The pandemic caused global socioeconomic disruptions.
Final exam english ii reynaldi 20160700011Reynaldi18
The document summarizes the spread of COVID-19 from China to other countries in early 2020. It describes the symptoms and transmission of the virus, as well as control measures taken like travel restrictions. Analysis suggested the quarantine around Wuhan only modestly delayed spread within China. There were no specific antiviral treatments available yet. WHO is working to develop vaccines and coordinate the global response. Proper hygiene and social distancing are encouraged to slow transmission until a vaccine is found.
Presentation from the European Scientific Conference on Applied Infectious Disease Epidemiology (ESCAIDE), published by the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC)
polio endgame strategy and ipv introductionRuchita1989
This document discusses polio eradication efforts globally and in India. It provides background on the polio virus and disease. The key points are:
- The Global Polio Eradication Initiative was launched in 1988 and has reduced polio cases by over 99%, with only 3 endemic countries remaining.
- India introduced its Pulse Polio Immunization program in 1995 and was removed from the list of endemic countries in 2012 after its last case in 2011.
- The polio endgame strategy aims to stop all wild poliovirus transmission by 2014, introduce at least one dose of IPV, and eventually withdraw OPV, completing eradication by 2018.
- Surveillance of acute fl
TiPE™ is a leading nano science-based company active in catalyst, bactericide, optical and high performance sol materials. By connecting its unique competences in Nano Sciences and Materials Sciences, TiPE is driving economic prosperity, environmental progress and social advances to create sustainable mutual success for all of our partners and customers simultaneously. We delivers innovative and advanced solutions that improve performance in global markets such as food and agriculture producing, personal care, health, medical devices, automotive, transportation, construction, building maintenance, historic preservation, paints, public services, alternative energy and nano-based functional materials.
This Paper is Submitted to Fulfill The English 2 Final Task Study Program Software Engineering 4th Semester Buddhi Dharma University, Tangerang. Lecturer: Dra. Harisa Mardiana, M.Pd.
COVID-19: Knowledge Base, Attitudes and Practices among Practising Journalist...Premier Publishers
The document discusses a study that examined the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of journalists in Abuja, Nigeria regarding COVID-19. The study utilized the Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices (KAP) model to assess how journalists' knowledge impacted their attitudes and behaviors related to COVID-19 protocols. The study found that journalists had generally good knowledge of COVID-19, which positively influenced their attitudes. However, their knowledge did not strongly correlate with adopting recommended practices. The study suggests journalists must follow public health protocols to effectively spread COVID-19 information to the public and encourage adherence to containment measures.
Coronavirus effects heighten fears of recession in the world economy. Stock exchanges have had a difficult week around the world and, in Europe, the recession seems inevitable. The paralysis in China weighs on domestic growth because the supply chains of multinationals need components made in Chinese factories to guarantee their production. Consumption in western countries will be strongly affected. Tourism, air transport, leisure are already suffering the consequences.
Teymur Noori, ECDC
22nd International AIDS Conference, Amsterdam 2018
2018 European African HIV/AIDS & Hepatitis C Community Summit. "Our Voices Matter for a lasting solution!!"
Poliomyelitis, also known as polio, is caused by the poliovirus. It is transmitted person-to-person primarily through contaminated fecal matter. While most infections cause no symptoms, it can cause paralysis in some cases by destroying motor neurons in the spinal cord. The World Health Organization launched a global initiative in 1988 to eradicate the disease worldwide through extensive vaccination efforts. Significant progress has been made, with polio now only endemic in 5 countries, down from over 125 in 1988. The goal is to fully eradicate the virus and certify its eradication by 2018 to allow vaccination efforts to eventually cease.
IRJET- Role of Various 4IR Technologies for Analysis and Prevention of Novel ...IRJET Journal
This document discusses the role of various 4IR (Fourth Industrial Revolution) technologies in analyzing and preventing the novel COVID-19 virus. It begins by describing the COVID-19 pandemic and its global impacts. It then discusses how technologies like artificial intelligence, facial recognition, robots, drones, and autonomous vehicles can help monitor the spread of the virus through tasks like temperature screening, contact tracing, disinfecting public areas, and delivering essential supplies. The document proposes that countries around the world should make greater use of these 4IR technologies to help control the virus through methods like automated temperature checks, mobile health monitoring apps, surveillance cameras, and contactless delivery while maintaining social distancing.
Steps to Combat Coronavirus - AAA Palaweña.pptxKimLuztherSey
The document summarizes the steps taken by the Philippine government to deal with the COVID-19 pandemic, including lockdowns, travel restrictions, compensation for frontline workers, cash assistance programs, mandatory face masks and face shields, quarantine and isolation centers, antigen and vaccination programs, online classes, and encouraging physical distancing. The government imposed lockdowns in March 2020, restricted travel, provided hazard pay and allowances for frontline workers, and passed the Bayanihan to Heal as One Act granting emergency powers. Measures such as setting up quarantine centers, cash assistance programs, mandatory masks and shields, antigen testing, vaccinations and online schooling were implemented to curb transmission while supporting citizens.
This document provides an overview of pandemics throughout history, including definitions, examples of major pandemics, mathematical models used to study infectious diseases, and features of the current COVID-19 pandemic. It discusses pandemics from 430 BC to present day, historical models for understanding pandemics, and key concepts like the basic reproduction number and pandemic stages. The document concludes with statistics on COVID-19 cases worldwide and in India/West Bengal as of September 2020.
The document discusses the COVID-19 outbreak in Italy. It summarizes the increasingly strict measures the Italian government has taken to limit citizens' movement and close public spaces. As of March 16th, there were over 27,000 confirmed cases in Italy, a rate of growth that has doubled over the past week. Data on patient characteristics and outcomes is still limited. Improved collection and sharing of surveillance data across countries is needed to better inform the response.
The document discusses epidemics and pandemics, providing definitions and examples. An epidemic refers to the rapid spread of disease within a population or region, while a pandemic describes disease spread across multiple countries or continents. Examples of epidemics include influenza and cholera, while pandemics include COVID-19 and HIV/AIDS. The document also discusses India's response to COVID-19 by invoking the Epidemic Diseases Act of 1897, which allows governments to take special measures to contain disease outbreaks.
This document provides an epidemiological update on the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) as of February 14, 2020. It summarizes the global and regional situation, including 49,070 confirmed cases worldwide with the majority in China, and 22 confirmed cases across the United States and Canada in the Region of the Americas. It assessed the overall regional risk as high and provides guidance and recommendations for national authorities, including strengthening surveillance, laboratory testing, and infection prevention and control measures.
Overview of the national Methadone Maintenance Treatment (MMT) program in Vie...Geraldine Cazorla
This document provides an overview of Vietnam's national Methadone Maintenance Treatment (MMT) program, including a discussion of its implementation process, key issues, and opportunities for scaling up. The author conducted surveys of key stakeholders and MMT clients/injecting drug users to analyze the program across four domains: legal framework, stakeholder responsibilities, financing, and technical factors. Key findings include contradictory responsibilities among government agencies, limited MMT supply and training capacity, challenges securing sustainable funding, and inconsistencies in legal frameworks. The author recommends clarifying roles, increasing resources, diversifying funding sources, and revising policies to address these issues and improve the national MMT program in Vietnam.
TB and HIV epidemics are closely linked, with each exacerbating the other. People with HIV are at much higher risk of developing active TB disease. TB is also a leading cause of death among people with HIV. Integrated and collaborative efforts are needed globally using the "Three I's" approach of intensified TB case finding, isoniazid preventive therapy, and infection control to reduce the burden of TB among people living with HIV and HIV among TB patients.
Fact and Opinion about Covid-19 outbreakNoviaNatalia1
The document discusses the COVID-19 pandemic, including its origins in Wuhan, China in December 2019. It describes how the virus spreads through respiratory droplets and contaminated surfaces. Symptoms include fever, cough and shortness of breath. Over 2 million cases and 195,000 deaths had been reported globally by April 2020. Governments implemented travel restrictions, quarantines and facility closures to prevent further spread. The pandemic caused global socioeconomic disruptions.
Final exam english ii reynaldi 20160700011Reynaldi18
The document summarizes the spread of COVID-19 from China to other countries in early 2020. It describes the symptoms and transmission of the virus, as well as control measures taken like travel restrictions. Analysis suggested the quarantine around Wuhan only modestly delayed spread within China. There were no specific antiviral treatments available yet. WHO is working to develop vaccines and coordinate the global response. Proper hygiene and social distancing are encouraged to slow transmission until a vaccine is found.
Presentation from the European Scientific Conference on Applied Infectious Disease Epidemiology (ESCAIDE), published by the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC)
polio endgame strategy and ipv introductionRuchita1989
This document discusses polio eradication efforts globally and in India. It provides background on the polio virus and disease. The key points are:
- The Global Polio Eradication Initiative was launched in 1988 and has reduced polio cases by over 99%, with only 3 endemic countries remaining.
- India introduced its Pulse Polio Immunization program in 1995 and was removed from the list of endemic countries in 2012 after its last case in 2011.
- The polio endgame strategy aims to stop all wild poliovirus transmission by 2014, introduce at least one dose of IPV, and eventually withdraw OPV, completing eradication by 2018.
- Surveillance of acute fl
TiPE™ is a leading nano science-based company active in catalyst, bactericide, optical and high performance sol materials. By connecting its unique competences in Nano Sciences and Materials Sciences, TiPE is driving economic prosperity, environmental progress and social advances to create sustainable mutual success for all of our partners and customers simultaneously. We delivers innovative and advanced solutions that improve performance in global markets such as food and agriculture producing, personal care, health, medical devices, automotive, transportation, construction, building maintenance, historic preservation, paints, public services, alternative energy and nano-based functional materials.
This Paper is Submitted to Fulfill The English 2 Final Task Study Program Software Engineering 4th Semester Buddhi Dharma University, Tangerang. Lecturer: Dra. Harisa Mardiana, M.Pd.
COVID-19: Knowledge Base, Attitudes and Practices among Practising Journalist...Premier Publishers
The document discusses a study that examined the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of journalists in Abuja, Nigeria regarding COVID-19. The study utilized the Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices (KAP) model to assess how journalists' knowledge impacted their attitudes and behaviors related to COVID-19 protocols. The study found that journalists had generally good knowledge of COVID-19, which positively influenced their attitudes. However, their knowledge did not strongly correlate with adopting recommended practices. The study suggests journalists must follow public health protocols to effectively spread COVID-19 information to the public and encourage adherence to containment measures.
Coronavirus effects heighten fears of recession in the world economy. Stock exchanges have had a difficult week around the world and, in Europe, the recession seems inevitable. The paralysis in China weighs on domestic growth because the supply chains of multinationals need components made in Chinese factories to guarantee their production. Consumption in western countries will be strongly affected. Tourism, air transport, leisure are already suffering the consequences.
Teymur Noori, ECDC
22nd International AIDS Conference, Amsterdam 2018
2018 European African HIV/AIDS & Hepatitis C Community Summit. "Our Voices Matter for a lasting solution!!"
Poliomyelitis, also known as polio, is caused by the poliovirus. It is transmitted person-to-person primarily through contaminated fecal matter. While most infections cause no symptoms, it can cause paralysis in some cases by destroying motor neurons in the spinal cord. The World Health Organization launched a global initiative in 1988 to eradicate the disease worldwide through extensive vaccination efforts. Significant progress has been made, with polio now only endemic in 5 countries, down from over 125 in 1988. The goal is to fully eradicate the virus and certify its eradication by 2018 to allow vaccination efforts to eventually cease.
IRJET- Role of Various 4IR Technologies for Analysis and Prevention of Novel ...IRJET Journal
This document discusses the role of various 4IR (Fourth Industrial Revolution) technologies in analyzing and preventing the novel COVID-19 virus. It begins by describing the COVID-19 pandemic and its global impacts. It then discusses how technologies like artificial intelligence, facial recognition, robots, drones, and autonomous vehicles can help monitor the spread of the virus through tasks like temperature screening, contact tracing, disinfecting public areas, and delivering essential supplies. The document proposes that countries around the world should make greater use of these 4IR technologies to help control the virus through methods like automated temperature checks, mobile health monitoring apps, surveillance cameras, and contactless delivery while maintaining social distancing.
Steps to Combat Coronavirus - AAA Palaweña.pptxKimLuztherSey
The document summarizes the steps taken by the Philippine government to deal with the COVID-19 pandemic, including lockdowns, travel restrictions, compensation for frontline workers, cash assistance programs, mandatory face masks and face shields, quarantine and isolation centers, antigen and vaccination programs, online classes, and encouraging physical distancing. The government imposed lockdowns in March 2020, restricted travel, provided hazard pay and allowances for frontline workers, and passed the Bayanihan to Heal as One Act granting emergency powers. Measures such as setting up quarantine centers, cash assistance programs, mandatory masks and shields, antigen testing, vaccinations and online schooling were implemented to curb transmission while supporting citizens.
WHO urges greater COVID-19 vigilance in Africa as holidays nearSABC News
With the end of year approaching and many African families planning get-togethers, the World Health Organization (WHO) is urging countries to be on high alert for a possible surge in COVID-19 cases.
The global emergence of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19)
in December, 2019 became a major turning point in the global health system. As at 4th May, 2020, the Republic of South Africa, Egypt and Nigeria had 6 783, 6 465 and 2 558 confirmed cases of COVID-19, respectively. Surprisingly, the number of cases in South Africa has risen to 563 598 cases with 10 621 deaths, and the number of cases in Egypt has increased to 95 666 cases with 5 035 deaths while Nigeria has 46 867 cases with 950 deaths[2]. Many African countries that were not having any reported cases of COVID-19 before now have confirmed cases while some experienced a huge spike in the number of confirmed cases due to SARS Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).
The document summarizes Africa's response to the COVID-19 pandemic in 3 main points:
1) Africa saw a relatively lower number of COVID-19 cases and deaths compared to other regions, due in part to early intervention and containment measures taken by African governments.
2) While lockdowns and restrictions helped curb the spread of the virus, they also negatively impacted economies and exacerbated issues like food insecurity, gender inequality, and access to healthcare for other diseases.
3) Moving forward, the document recommends strategies like increasing local manufacturing and supply chains, strengthening public health systems, expanding social protections, and pursuing digital transformation to build resilience against future crises.
In light of the global health crisis, Imperial College Healthcare Club to host the second webinar discussion around Africa’s healthcare system resilience to COVID-19. We are honored to be joined by Dr. Kaouthar Lbiati, who are both currently working on the continent’s response to the pandemic.The event will be a discussion, where the speakers will be presenting their work as well as their views and perspectives around the Healthcare crisis in Africa.
The webinar will focus on :
1. How the healthcare actors based in Africa have been crucial in responding to the pandemic.
3. How the long-term consequences of this crisis can bring major changes in Africa.
Kaouthar Lbiati (MD, MSc) will be emphasising on the wider scope of the healthcare policy & industry and explore the strategies on both that Africa as a continent could
establish to build resilience.
- Africans are seriously concerned about COVID-19, with 85% of respondents citing concern and 60% saying they are very concerned. Concern is highest in countries with confirmed cases like Kenya and Nigeria.
- However, 57% of Africans do not expect to be personally affected, possibly because initial cases were foreigners or travelers rather than average citizens. Expectations of being affected are higher in South Africa and Ghana with more cases.
- Africans are seeking information about COVID-19 from multiple digital channels like internet, social media, television and radio. Those learning from friends and family express the most concern at 40%. Social media and internet users follow at 35% concern.
The WHO played both positive and controversial roles in responding to the COVID-19 pandemic:
- Positively, the WHO helped countries prepare and respond, provided accurate information to counter myths, ensured supplies reached health workers, trained health workers, and coordinated vaccine research. However, the pandemic was still preventable.
- Controversially, the WHO was slow to declare a global emergency and was accused of turning a blind eye to China's initial response. Early recommendations on face masks also caused confusion.
- An independent review found the WHO and countries' combined response was inadequate and the world remains vulnerable to future pandemics without changes to strengthen global health cooperation.
Covid resource india 20th april 2020 reportAkshay Kokala
A quick look at how other countries have tackled it and what we can learn from them.
Do read and share. If you would like to collaborate please write to us at contact@covidresource.in
This document discusses plans and strategies for recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic across multiple sectors. It analyzes the impacts on agriculture, politics, airlines, oil, education, healthcare, sports, and lifestyle. It also discusses challenges like increased waste, broken supply chains, unemployment, and shortages. Potential solutions explored include online education, work from home, robots assisting patients, drone deliveries, and rebuilding mental health. The pandemic will require long-term changes to policy, infrastructure, and social norms to adapt to the new normal of living with coronavirus.
The document summarizes Africa's joint continental strategy for responding to the COVID-19 pandemic, as endorsed by African Union health ministers in February 2020. It outlines the objectives of limiting virus transmission, severe illness, and social/economic disruption. It then describes Africa CDC's coordination of the response, including convening regular meetings, providing guidance and training to member states, deploying rapid response teams, and distributing medical supplies. It also discusses the Africa Medical Supplies Platform established to ensure member states can access critical supplies, and the AU COVID-19 Response Fund set up to address the pandemic's socioeconomic and humanitarian impacts.
The document discusses the spread of COVID-19 from Wuhan, China to Indonesia. It provides statistics on the number of cases and deaths in Indonesia. It explains that the rapid spread in Indonesia is because many residents did not follow calls to stay home. The most common methods of transmission are through droplets from sneezing/coughing and touching infected surfaces. The document urges people to practice good hand hygiene and follow social distancing to help stop the spread.
Malaysia is currently facing a rise in COVID-19 cases, with 23 new cases reported on July 25th. Two new clusters have been identified at a religious center in Johor and a construction company in Sarawak. Sarawak in particular is experiencing a second wave of cases. The Malaysian government has implemented the PKPP phase with less restrictive SOPs and reopened certain businesses. Comprehensive SOPs have been established to prevent spread while allowing some normalization. Testing has been increased but some argue it needs to be more widespread. The Health Ministry has received recognition for its successful management of the pandemic through leadership and coordinated response efforts.
New England Journal of Medicine: Facing the Coronavirus Monster in HaitiStanleylucas
1) Covid-19 has arrived in Haiti and presents major challenges for the country's healthcare system due to factors like poverty, lack of clean water/sanitation, and scarce healthcare resources.
2) The first Covid-19 case was reported on March 19th and the government implemented measures like travel bans and business closures, but a complete shutdown is not feasible for economic reasons.
3) Community engagement is essential to combat stigma and misinformation around Covid-19. The organization has hired community health workers and seen hundreds of patients seeking testing and care.
Statement by president cyril ramaphosa on measures to combat covidSABC News
- President Ramaphosa addressed the nation on measures to combat the COVID-19 epidemic in South Africa.
- He declared a national state of disaster to coordinate response efforts and limit the spread and impact of the virus.
- Key measures announced include travel bans, school closures, limits on public gatherings over 100 people, screening at ports of entry, and economic support packages.
- All South Africans are called on to practice good hygiene and social distancing to minimize transmission and help curb the spread of infections.
The outbreak and subsequent spread of COVID-19 to the West African sub-region have brought significant changes to the different aspects of our lives and grounded educational and socio-political and economic activities of ECOWAS member states. The pandemic has exposed the poor state of the health systems and shortage in medical supplies and protective gears to cope with the health emergency. In response, strict restrictions were put in place to curb the spread of the virus and these have drastically affected peoples’ lifestyles. However, there has been huge increase in the use of technology in business, education, religion and other activities as people adapt to the changing times in the sub-region. It is the argument of this paper that things cannot return to the way they were before the pandemic, but West African states must strategically plan for the Post COVID-19 era to survive the massive wave of unemployment, socio-economic meltdown and changes in lifestyle. The paper concluded that while the fight against the virus in the sub-region was not collective, post-pandemic recovery must be coordinated, strategically plannedamong member states. It was recommended that the governments should be flexible enough to retain the use of ICT and technology alongside the conventional ways of doing things in the post-pandemic era.
GOVERNOR KAYODE FAYEMI’S ADDRESS on the THIRD CONFIRMED CASE OF COVID-19 IN EKITI STATE Saturday April 18, 2020.
Gentlemen of the Press,
1. I welcome you all to this very important press briefing to update you on Ekiti State present status on COVID-19 and how far we have gone as a State to contain the spread of the pandemic in our dear State.
Text of the State Address on COVID-19 Response (6) by His Excellency, Dr. Kayode Fayemi, CON, Governor, Ekiti State, Nigeria.
Updates on the COVID-19 Ekiti State Response Ado-Ekiti on Sunday, May 31, 2020.
Text of the Address by His Excellency, Dr. Kayode Fayemi, CON
Governor, Ekiti State, Nigeria on the occasion of the address titled: WE MUST DO MORE TO PREVENT AN OUTBREAK IN EKITI STATE at Government House, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State on Sunday, March 29, 2020
Similar to COVID-19 Ethiopia (Corona Virus in Ethiopia) (20)
I am preparing to take TOEFL Test myself. I compiled this slide in the preparation process. I thought other friends preparing for the test can benefit from the ideas presented in the slides. Let's go and prepare guys.
This slide entitled Friends of Ethiopia from across the Globe is designed to give credit to good hearted persons from across the globe that were helpful to Ethiopia at different moments in the country's history.
The document discusses the pedagogical aspects and advantages of using a stylistic approach to teaching literature at the college level. A stylistic approach teaches students how language is used in literature and how meanings are made through language features. Adopting this approach would help students understand the role of language in literature and analyze unique aspects of different literary works. It also presents language in context and exposes students to complex vocabulary, syntax, and figurative language.
Off-label and Compassionate use of Medications for COVID-19 Treatment Belachew Weldegebriel
This document discusses off-label use of medications to treat COVID-19. It provides background on what constitutes off-label use and examples of drugs like hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin being used off-label to treat COVID-19 since they are approved to treat other conditions. It notes both potential benefits but also risks of off-label use, especially without evidence from controlled clinical trials, as side effects may be mistakenly attributed to the disease. It emphasizes the need for robust trials to evaluate potential treatments and verify their safety and efficacy.
This document defines and discusses oral literature. It notes that oral literature refers to verbal art transmitted through word of mouth, including epic poems, songs, myths, and folk tales. Oral literature is produced anonymously and passed down generations through oral transmission. It serves purposes like educating societies, passing on culture and messages, entertainment, and filling time. Oral works are typically shorter forms, fluid, meant to be performed, reflective of shared values, and closely tied to performance contexts.
Fundamentals of Literature
The Concept of Literature
By Belachew Weldegebriel
Jimma University
College of Social Sciences and Humanities
Department of English Language and Literature
Jimma, Ethiopia
This document defines and distinguishes between different types of fiction, including short stories, novellas, and novels. It notes that fiction is a narrative that includes imaginary or invented events, in contrast to non-fiction which deals with factual information. Short stories are brief narratives that focus on a single event or idea, while novellas and novels are longer forms that can incorporate more complex plots, characters, and themes over a greater length. Novels are the longest form of fictional narrative.
- Romantic literary criticism was developed by William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge in works like Lyrical Ballads and Biographia Literaria.
- They shifted attention from poetry reflecting reality to the poet's expression of emotions and relationship to their work. Poetry became an expressive rather than mimetic art.
- Romantic critics like Wordsworth and Coleridge were also poets who produced the new Romantic poetry and wrote essential commentaries explaining their creative practices.
Neoclassical Literary Criticism
Compled by: Belachew Weldegebriel (Assistant Professor/English Literature)
Jimma University
CSSH
Department of English Language and Literature
Jimma, Ethiopia
Literary Theory and Criticism
By Belachew Weldegebriel
Jimma University
College of Social Sciences and Humanities
Department of English Language and Literature
This document provides an overview of Ethiopian literature written in English. It defines Ethiopian literature in English as creative works written in English by Ethiopians or about Ethiopia that reflect Ethiopian contexts and issues. While Ethiopia has a long tradition of literature in indigenous languages, writing in English first emerged in the 1960s and was influenced by Ethiopian intellectuals educated abroad. Some key reasons authors have chosen to write in English include reaching a broader international audience, avoiding censorship by publishing overseas, and using a language better equipped to discuss diverse concepts. However, English literature from Ethiopia remains in its infancy compared to its vernacular traditions.
Fundamentals of Literature
Compiled by: Belachew Weldegebriel (bellachew@gmail.com)
Jimma University
CSSH
Department of English Language and Literature
1.1 Definition of Literature
This document discusses common sentence errors and how to correct them. It covers faulty sentences like fragments, run-on sentences, comma splices, lack of parallelism, misplaced and dangling modifiers, subject-verb and pronoun-antecedent agreement issues. Examples of each error are provided along with the corrections. Exercises are included for the reader to identify errors and rewrite sentences correctly. The goal is to help writers improve basic writing skills by learning to identify and fix common grammatical mistakes in sentences.
This document provides an introduction to literary theory and criticism. It defines key terms like "criticism", discusses what literary criticism is, and defines a literary critic. It also explains literary theory as different lenses that critics use to analyze works. The document outlines four main types of literary criticism: practical, theoretical, descriptive, and prescriptive. It also summarizes four major theories of literary criticism: mimetic, pragmatic, expressive, and objective. Finally, it discusses traditional approaches like historical/biographical and moral/philosophical criticism as well as modern approaches like formalism, psychoanalysis, feminism, and Marxism.
Basic Writing Skills (Sentence Level)
By Belachew Weldegebriel (bellachew@gmail.com)
Sentence
What is a sentence?
Definitions, Examples, . . .
A sentence
is a group of words which consists of subject and predicate and
expresses a complete thought.
Subject – names who/what is being talked about
Predicate – tells us something about the subject (action/ state of being).
Examples: Subject + verb
The baby cried.
The old man died.
She has gone.
The game ended.
Everyone laughed.
The beautiful girl giggled.
Examples: Subject (verb + adverb)
The baby cried bitterly.
The old man died yesterday.
We worked hard.
They played well.
Examples: Subject + trans verb + object
The boy kicked the ball.
The dog bit the girl.
The satellite rotates the earth.
Edison invented the electric bulb.
The chairman made a livelily speech.
Examples: Subject + trans verb + Direct object + Indirect Object
The President awarded him a gold medal.
I bade my friends a sad farewell.
He gave her some flowers.
She told me an interesting story.
Subject + link verb + complement
The room smells bad.
She felt sick.
Samuel is an engineer.
The boy is clever.
We are soldiers.
This is a disastrous action.
She was a beloved girl.
They were very friendly.
To sum up, a sentence:
must have subject and predicate (verb);
must express a complete thought;
needs to make sense;
must have a logical word order;
has to begin with a capital letter and end with appropriate terminal/end punctuation mark (./?/!)
can be short or long.
should be acceptable to native speakers of the language.
Look at the following group of wordsCan they qualify a sentence?
The clever student in our class.
If you go home earlier.
Samuel killed a big stone.
the party ruled South Africa for the past 40 years.
are Ethiopians we all
The beautiful girl walking down stairs.
The rain was envious.
She sang a beautiful song.
Test bank for karp s cell and molecular biology 9th edition by gerald karp.pdfrightmanforbloodline
Test bank for karp s cell and molecular biology 9th edition by gerald karp.pdf
Test bank for karp s cell and molecular biology 9th edition by gerald karp.pdf
Test bank for karp s cell and molecular biology 9th edition by gerald karp.pdf
How to Control Your Asthma Tips by gokuldas hospital.Gokuldas Hospital
Respiratory issues like asthma are the most sensitive issue that is affecting millions worldwide. It hampers the daily activities leaving the body tired and breathless.
The key to a good grip on asthma is proper knowledge and management strategies. Understanding the patient-specific symptoms and carving out an effective treatment likewise is the best way to keep asthma under control.
Breast cancer: Post menopausal endocrine therapyDr. Sumit KUMAR
Breast cancer in postmenopausal women with hormone receptor-positive (HR+) status is a common and complex condition that necessitates a multifaceted approach to management. HR+ breast cancer means that the cancer cells grow in response to hormones such as estrogen and progesterone. This subtype is prevalent among postmenopausal women and typically exhibits a more indolent course compared to other forms of breast cancer, which allows for a variety of treatment options.
Diagnosis and Staging
The diagnosis of HR+ breast cancer begins with clinical evaluation, imaging, and biopsy. Imaging modalities such as mammography, ultrasound, and MRI help in assessing the extent of the disease. Histopathological examination and immunohistochemical staining of the biopsy sample confirm the diagnosis and hormone receptor status by identifying the presence of estrogen receptors (ER) and progesterone receptors (PR) on the tumor cells.
Staging involves determining the size of the tumor (T), the involvement of regional lymph nodes (N), and the presence of distant metastasis (M). The American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging system is commonly used. Accurate staging is critical as it guides treatment decisions.
Treatment Options
Endocrine Therapy
Endocrine therapy is the cornerstone of treatment for HR+ breast cancer in postmenopausal women. The primary goal is to reduce the levels of estrogen or block its effects on cancer cells. Commonly used agents include:
Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERMs): Tamoxifen is a SERM that binds to estrogen receptors, blocking estrogen from stimulating breast cancer cells. It is effective but may have side effects such as increased risk of endometrial cancer and thromboembolic events.
Aromatase Inhibitors (AIs): These drugs, including anastrozole, letrozole, and exemestane, lower estrogen levels by inhibiting the aromatase enzyme, which converts androgens to estrogen in peripheral tissues. AIs are generally preferred in postmenopausal women due to their efficacy and safety profile compared to tamoxifen.
Selective Estrogen Receptor Downregulators (SERDs): Fulvestrant is a SERD that degrades estrogen receptors and is used in cases where resistance to other endocrine therapies develops.
Combination Therapies
Combining endocrine therapy with other treatments enhances efficacy. Examples include:
Endocrine Therapy with CDK4/6 Inhibitors: Palbociclib, ribociclib, and abemaciclib are CDK4/6 inhibitors that, when combined with endocrine therapy, significantly improve progression-free survival in advanced HR+ breast cancer.
Endocrine Therapy with mTOR Inhibitors: Everolimus, an mTOR inhibitor, can be added to endocrine therapy for patients who have developed resistance to aromatase inhibitors.
Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy is generally reserved for patients with high-risk features, such as large tumor size, high-grade histology, or extensive lymph node involvement. Regimens often include anthracyclines and taxanes.
Travel vaccination in Manchester offers comprehensive immunization services for individuals planning international trips. Expert healthcare providers administer vaccines tailored to your destination, ensuring you stay protected against various diseases. Conveniently located clinics and flexible appointment options make it easy to get the necessary shots before your journey. Stay healthy and travel with confidence by getting vaccinated in Manchester. Visit us: www.nxhealthcare.co.uk
Nano-gold for Cancer Therapy chemistry investigatory projectSIVAVINAYAKPK
chemistry investigatory project
The development of nanogold-based cancer therapy could revolutionize oncology by providing a more targeted, less invasive treatment option. This project contributes to the growing body of research aimed at harnessing nanotechnology for medical applications, paving the way for future clinical trials and potential commercial applications.
Cancer remains one of the leading causes of death worldwide, prompting the need for innovative treatment methods. Nanotechnology offers promising new approaches, including the use of gold nanoparticles (nanogold) for targeted cancer therapy. Nanogold particles possess unique physical and chemical properties that make them suitable for drug delivery, imaging, and photothermal therapy.
8 Surprising Reasons To Meditate 40 Minutes A Day That Can Change Your Life.pptxHolistified Wellness
We’re talking about Vedic Meditation, a form of meditation that has been around for at least 5,000 years. Back then, the people who lived in the Indus Valley, now known as India and Pakistan, practised meditation as a fundamental part of daily life. This knowledge that has given us yoga and Ayurveda, was known as Veda, hence the name Vedic. And though there are some written records, the practice has been passed down verbally from generation to generation.
Histololgy of Female Reproductive System.pptxAyeshaZaid1
Dive into an in-depth exploration of the histological structure of female reproductive system with this comprehensive lecture. Presented by Dr. Ayesha Irfan, Assistant Professor of Anatomy, this presentation covers the Gross anatomy and functional histology of the female reproductive organs. Ideal for students, educators, and anyone interested in medical science, this lecture provides clear explanations, detailed diagrams, and valuable insights into female reproductive system. Enhance your knowledge and understanding of this essential aspect of human biology.
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The skin is the largest organ and its health plays a vital role among the other sense organs. The skin concerns like acne breakout, psoriasis, or anything similar along the lines, finding a qualified and experienced dermatologist becomes paramount.
2. Timeline
13 March 2020 – despite strict measures applied against the entry of
the virus into the country, first case of COVID-19 confirmed in Ethiopia
- two days after the World Health Organization (WHO) categorized it
as a global pandemic.
The case, which was announced on the 13th of March 2020, is the first
one to be reported in Ethiopia since the beginning of the outbreak in
China in December 2019.
The case is a 48- year old Japanese man reported to have traveled from
Japan to Burkina Faso and who then arrived in Ethiopia.
WIKI
On 17 March 2020 - Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed has announced the
closure of all schools in the country, the banning of all public
gatherings and sports events for fifteen days, amid intensifying
concerns over the spreading of coronavirus infection.
April ?- State of emergency proclamation
Lockdown measures – public transport from Addis to regions and vice
versa prohibited.
3. Timeline
May 6 and 7 – a shoot in the number of daily report of positive
cases (17, 25 people). The previous higher number was 8 ( )
April 10 2020 - parliament approved a five-month state of
emergency, giving authorities sweeping powers to battle the
disease.
On 16 March 2020, the office of the Prime Minister announced that
schools, sporting events, and public gatherings shall be suspended
for 15 days.[66]
On 20 March 2020, Ethiopian Airlines suspended flights to 30
countries affected with the coronavirus.
On the same date it was announced that anyone entering the
country should undergo a mandatory self-quarantine for 14 days.
Night clubs in Addis Ababa are also to remain closed until further
notice.[67]
On 23 March 2020, Ethiopia closed all land borders and deployed
security forces to halt the movement of people along the
borders.[68]
4. Timeline
On 25 March 2020, 4,011 prisoners were granted pardon by
the president in an effort to prevent the coronavirus spread.
The pardon applies only to prisoners convicted of minor
crimes who are serving sentences of up to three years and
those who are about to be released.[69][70]
On 29 March 2020, Ethiopian Airlines suspended flights to
more than 80 countries.[71][72]
On 2 April 2020, the Federal Attorney General granted pardon
for 1,559 prisoners.[73]
On 8 April 2020, the Council of Ministers declared a five-
month long state of emergency in response to the growing
number of coronavirus cases.[74][75] The state of emergency
was approved on 10 April by the parliament.[76]
5. Ethiopian Airline – put
the country at risk
The country’s main international airport in the capital Addis
Ababa is the third busiest in Africa.
The airline has over 125 international destinations throughout
the world, its persistence to continue flight to the pandemics
stricken countries, including China, is believed to have put the
country at the risk of the virus.
The national flag carrier, Ethiopian Airlines flies 35 times a
week to China, but not to Wuhan city in Hubei province, the
epi-centre of the coronavirus epidemic.
According to the WHO, this airline, is now bolstering
preparedness to contain a potential outbreak of COVID-19,
through its cargo service.
6. The State of COVID-19 Cases in
the Country
Ethiopia has fewer confirmed Coronavirus cases.
So far most of Ethiopia’s coronavirus cases have been
“imported” – linked to foreign travel or direct contact
with someone who caught the disease abroad.
Corona virus cases = ___239___
Deaths = ____5_____
Recovered= _____99_____
7. Containment Measures Taken
Closure of schools, colleges and universities
The banning of all public gatherings and sports events
The Ethiopian government has since then moved to impose
more sweeping measures, including mandatory quarantine.
Anyone arriving in Ethiopia will be subject to 14 quarantine at
designated locations.
8. Risky Areas for Transmission of the
Virus
Public Transport
Public transport in the city [Addis Ababa] remains the most at risk
as buses and taxis still operate crowded.
People have to typically spend hours in queues when they wait for
public transports, complicating social distancing.
Market places
At Mercato on a Thursday afternoon, the scene was usual market-
day chaos. Shoppers pushed each other out of the way to buy
goods.
9. Risky Areas . . .
Religious services (churches, mosques, chapels, etc)
As part of stay at home measures despite
government order to close their gates and attend
some services through television, there is still
ardent desire to go to churches or mosques and
attend the religious services.
Recreation centers – bars, hotels, cafes, clubs,
lounges particularly on weekends and holidays
10. Concerns
There are concerns about the effectiveness of containment
measures and the personal behavior and discipline of the public
to abide by the rules.
Poverty/Living condition – Ethiopia is one of the poorest
countries in the world. Added the economic impact of COVID-19,
the country’s
Especially the life of people who depend on daily subsistence
would be significantly hampered
Such people would prefer to go out and work than starve to death
staying at home regardless of the effect of the pandemic on their
life.
Testing capacity – only about thirty thousand people have been
tested so far in a country of 110 million population.
11. Concerns
Accessibility of protective equipment and
materials – masks, sanitizers, gloves, detergents,
alcohol
12. Concerns
In Ethiopia, the public health risks presented by COVID-19
could be vast.
Living and working conditions are highly conducive for
transmission, as people live in crowded inter-generational
households that often lack running water.
Allowing economic activity to continue unchecked could lead to
millions of infections within months, with serious cases quickly
overwhelming an already weak health system that has only a
few hundred ventilators and fewer than 500 intensive care units.
13. Contribution to Africa
Ethiopia has been coordinating the distribution of
Jack Ma`s gift of essential supplies across the
continent.
14. International Cooperation
WHO has shipped reagent kits for coronavirus
diagnosis to more than 20 countries in Africa including
Ethiopia to step up diagnosis of the virus and is
working closely with countries to help them prepare for
the rapid detection and response to cases or clusters.
The WHO Country Office Ethiopia (WCO) is following
up closely to ensure an outbreak in Ethiopia is quickly
controlled and contained.
The COVID-19 Emergency Operations Centre housed at
Ethiopian Public Health Institute (EPHI) is working
closely with the Ministry of Health and the WCO to
respond to this case and implement firm control
measures.
15. Testing
Ethiopia now has the capacity to conduct
confirmatory laboratory test for COVID-19 at
the capital, Addis Ababa and similar
laboratories are established and becoming
operational in regions.
The country nevertheless still has a limited
Testing Capacity.
Testing, so far, has been limited by a lack of
capacity, adding to uncertainty about the
extent of the virus’s spread among a mostly
rural population of around 110 million people.
16. Testing Capacity
William Davison, senior Ethiopian analyst for the
International Crisis Group, told Aljazeera
"Not too much testing has been done, but the
government has steadily increased that, accrediting
other laboratories to do so," he told Al Jazeera from
the capital, Addis Ababa.
"But certainly, there's not been a huge amount of
testing that's going on - maybe that's partly why
there is not a huge amount of infections."
17. Prevention and Treatment Efforts
As the pandemic was initially thought as if it was
nothing different from the regular common cold,
there was confidence in people that they could
protect themselves using ginger, lemon, garlic,
pepper and the like.
Hand washing facilities: At home, across streets and
at squares of Addis Ababa sometimes at residential
areas
18. Traditional Medicine
The country is also looking to tap into the capability
of traditional medicines to tackle COVID-19.
Among African countries Madagascar has pioneered
in this regard by preparing a traditional medicine for
COVID-19 treatment from Artemisia despite WHO
warning against the use of traditional medicine.
19. Local cocktail ready for COVID -19
treatment
At a time when the world is scrambling to find a
cure, a vaccine or some sort of viable treatment for
the Novel Coronavirus that is rocking the globe, the
Ethiopian Ministry of Health (MoH) and the Ministry
of Innovation and Technology (MoIT) have disclosed
that they have an effective treatment in the pipeline
that enhances natural immunity in the fight against
the virus.
20. Local cocktail . . .
Although the details of the ingredients as well as the
laboratory procedure and testing were not
presented in detail, the two ministries said that a
treatment drug has been discovered from the
traditional medicines in the country.
It has passed through various testing stages and
now green light has been given for animal and
clinical trial,” the statement announced.
21. Current Clinical Management
Supportive Care
Antipyretics and analgesics (paracetamol, tramadol)
for pain and fever management.
(The use of Ibuprofen, and Aspirin is not
recommended)
Supplemental oxygen therapy to patients with low
oxygen saturation:
conservative fluid management
22. Current Clinical Management
General principle of clinical management for
COVID-19 according to Ethiopian National
Comprehensive COVID-19 Management Handbook
Underlying /chronic diseases should be identified as
early as possible with detailed history from patient,
close family members or friends.
Drug interactions, adverse effects of drugs and drug
allergies must be considered during managing the
patient with COVID-19. (PP 40)
23. Current Clinical Management
National Comprehensive COVID-19 Management
Handbook acknowledges that that there is no
proven anti-viral therapy or vaccine against COVID-
19.
The handbook nevertheless recommends the use of
Chloroquine and/or Azithromycin as immune-
modulators for patients with moderate to severe
infection and in patients with milder symptoms if
they are elderly and/or with underlying
diseases(MoH).
24. Preventive Measures
The national health authorities are tightening up surveillance,
diagnosis, infection prevention and control, epidemic response
coordination and public health education to swiftly detect
cases and limit widespread infections (WHO).
Ethiopian artists (playwrights, musicians, actors and actresses,
comedians) and famous athletes are making their immense
contributions in the awareness creation endeavor.
Since reporting its first coronavirus case on March 13, Ethiopia,
a major transport hub, has closed land borders and schools,
freed thousands of prisoners to ease overcrowding, sprayed
main streets in the capital with disinfectant, and discouraged
large gatherings. (Aljazeera)
25. Preventive . . .
While there is still much to learn about COVID-19, people can take
action to prevent the disease through simple, day-to-day measures.
These include the following precautions:
1. Regularly and thoroughly wash your hands with soap and water
and use alcohol-based hand sanitizer.
2. Maintain a physical distance of at least one meter, particularly if a
person is coughing.
3. Persons with persistent cough or sneezing should stay home or keep
a social distance, and not mix in crowds.
4. Make sure you are coughing into a tissue or a bent elbow, and make
sure to safely dispose of the used tissue afterwards.
5. Stay home if you feel unwell with symptoms like fever, cough and
difficulty in breathing. Please immediately call for medical help using
the EPHI toll free number-8335- which is available day and night.
6. Stay informed on the latest developments about COVID-19 through
official channels
26. Opportunities
Over the last two years, rival regional, ethnic and political
factions have clashed over ideology, power and resources,
killing thousands and displacing millions (the Africa report).
Due to the corona virus attack interethnic hatred and political
tensions have subsided at least for the time being.
People are reaching each other through humanitarian hands
regardless of ethnic and religious backgrounds.
Hence, corona virus could offer Ethiopia the opportunity to
reboot its troubled transition.
27. Concerns
Ethiopia’s weak health system, combined with living conditions
favourable to the disease’s transmission, could lead to a massive
outbreak if the appropriate measures are not taken.
But a full lockdown, like those instituted in China, Italy and
elsewhere, would deprive millions of their livelihoods, especially
those depending on daily wages.
PM Abiy’s administration has so far chosen a middle path: no
lockdown has been declared, but meetings of more than four
people are prohibited, mouths have to be covered in public and
some inter-city public transport has been suspended.
28. The COVID-19 Emergency Operations Centre is housed at
Ethiopian Public Health Institute (EPHI)
Yeka Kotebe Hospital in the capital city is reserved for COVID-
19 treatment center
MoH makes daily report of new cases, recovery and deaths (if
any) of COVID-19.
Rapid Response Teams (RRT) are established in health centers
in Addis Ababa and regions
29. References
Covid-19 Pandemic in Ethiopia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in _Ethiopia
https://www.crisisgroup.org/africa/horn-
africa/ethiopia/managing-politics-ethiopias-covid-19-crisis
Ethiopia Using traditional Medicine to Fight COVID-19
https://www.nazret.com/2020/04/03/ethiopia-using-traditional-
medicine-to-fight-covid-19/
https://www.afro.who.int/news/first-case-covid-19-confirmed-
ethiopia
https://www.crisisgroup.org/africa/horn-
africa/ethiopia/managing-politics-ethiopias-covid-19-crisis
Ethiopian COVID-19 Preparedness Bulletin Ethiopia
https://extranet.who.int/sph/news/covid-19-preparedness-
bulletin-ethiopia
30. References
Ethiopia Declares State of Emergency to Fight COVID-19. 8 april
2020 https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/04/ethiopia-declares-
state-emergency-fight-covid-19-200408142519485.html
Brook Abdu 28 March 2020 Local Cocktail Ready for COVID-19
Treatment. The Reporter.
https://www.thereporterethiopia.com/article/local-cocktail-ready-
covid-19-treatment
https://www.afro.who.int/news/first-case-covid-19-confirmed-
ethiopia
Ethiopian National Comprehensive COVID-19 Management
Handbook
Coronavirus: Ethiopia’s opportunity to reboot its troubled
transition https://www.theafricareport.com/26304/coronavirus-
ethiopias-opportunity-to-reboot-its-troubled-transition/
https://www.theafricareport.com/26304/coronavirus-ethiopias-opportunity-to-reboot-its-troubled-transition/
Ethiopia has postponed elections scheduled for August and declared a five-month state of emergency to tackle the COVID-19 pandemic. If managed well, this time could be used to put the country’s democratic transition back on track. posted on Thursday, 16 April 2020 13:25
Coronavirus: Ethiopia’s opportunity to reboot its troubled transition
https://www.theafricareport.com/26304/coronavirus-ethiopias-opportunity-to-reboot-its-troubled-transition/
Ethiopia declares state of emergency to fight coronavirus
Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed warns of 'grave legal measures' against anyone who undermines the fight against the pandemic.
https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/04/ethiopia-declares-state-emergency-fight-covid-19-200408142519485.html 8 april 2020