This document discusses various types of counters and registers, including asynchronous (ripple) counters, synchronous (parallel) counters, decade counters, BCD counters, shift registers, ring counters, and Johnson counters. It provides details on their structure, operation, and applications. Key topics covered include propagation delay in ripple counters, the advantages of synchronous counters, designing counters with different mod numbers, decoding counter states, and using counters for functions like stepper motor control.

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Chapter 7
Counters and Registers

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Asynchronous (Ripple) Counters

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Asynchronous (Ripple) Counters

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Asynchronous (Ripple) Counters

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Asynchronous (Ripple) Counters
Mod Number = 2N

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Frequency Division

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Digital Clock

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Propagation Delay in Ripple Counters

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Propagation Delay in Ripple Counters

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Propagation Delay in Ripple Counters
max
1
clock pd
pd
T N t
f
N t
 


To avoid losing states

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Synchronous (Parallel) Counters

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Synchronous (Parallel) Counters

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Advantages of Synchronous Counters
     Pd Pd Pdt Counter t FF t AND 

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Counters With Mod Number ≠ 2N

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Counters With Mod Number ≠ 2N

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Counters With Mod Number ≠ 2N
CLRCLRCLR
2Q
1Q
MOD = 6

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Counters With Mod Number ≠ 2N

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Displaying Counter State

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Decade Counters and BCD Counters
Decade Counters: 10 States
BCD Counters: 0 1 … 9 States

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Synchronous Down

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Synchronous Down and Up/Down Counters

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Presettable Counters

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Decoding a Counter

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Decoding a Counter

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A
A
B
BC
C
ABC
Decoding a Counter

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Active Low Decoding

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BCD Counter Decoding

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BCD Counter Decoding

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Analyzing Synchronous Counter

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Analyzing Synchronous Counter
Self-correcting counter: unused states → normal count sequence

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Analyzing Synchronous Counter

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Analyzing Synchronous Counter

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Analyzing Synchronous Counter

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Synchronous Counter Design
1. Number of Flip Flops
2. Type of Flip Flop
3. Flip Flop Excitation Table
4. Counter Excitation Table
5. Design Inputs for Different Flip Flops

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Synchronous Counter Design
Flip Flop Excitation Table

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Synchronous Counter Design

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Synchronous Counter Design

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Synchronous Counter Design

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Synchronous Counter Design
Qn Qn+1 T
0 0 0
0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 0
Excitation Table for T Flip Flop

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Synchronous Counter Design
Example

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Synchronous Counter Design
Example
Counter State Transion Table

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Synchronous Counter Design
Example
Counter Excitation Table

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Synchronous Counter Design
Example
𝐾𝐴 = 1

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Synchronous Counter Design
Example

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Synchronous Counter Design
Example
Counter State Transion Digram

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Synchronous Counter Design
Counter Excitation Table (T FF)

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Synchronous Counter Design

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Synchronous Counter Design
Example
1x 
1x 
0x 
0x 
0x 
0x 

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Synchronous Counter Design

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Synchronous Counter Design

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Synchronous Counter Design

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Synchronous Counter Design

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Synchronous Counter Design
Stepper Motor Control

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Synchronous Counter Design
Stepper Motor Control

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Synchronous Counter Design
Stepper Motor Control

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Synchronous Counter Design
Stepper Motor Control

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Synchronous Counter Design
Stepper Motor Control

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Part 2

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Integrated-Circuit Registers

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Parallel In/Parallel Out

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Parallel In/Parallel Out
Connecting 74ALS174 as a serial shift register

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Serial In/Serial Out

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Serial In/Serial Out

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Parallel In/Serial Out

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Parallel In/Serial Out

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Serial In/Parallel Out

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Serial In/Parallel Out

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Shift Register Counters
1. Ring Counter
2. Johnson Counter

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Ring Counter

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Ring Counter

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Starting a Ring Counter

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Decoding Ring Counter

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Johnson Counter

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Johnson Counter

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Johnson Counter

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Johnson Counter
Clock # Q0 Q1 Q2 Q3
0 1 0 0 0
1 1 1 0 0
2 1 1 1 0
3 1 1 1 1
4 0 1 1 1
5 0 0 1 1
6 0 0 0 1
7 0 0 0 0
8 1 0 0 0

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Johnson Counter
1000
0111
0001 1110
11000000
0011 1111

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Decoding Johnson Counter