The document outlines various types of academic articles, including popular articles, research articles, and review articles, describing their structure, purpose, and intended audience. It emphasizes the importance of conflict of interest disclosures, plagiarism, impact factors, and citation measures in scientific writing. Additionally, it provides guidelines for selecting journals, writing clearly, and preparing manuscripts for publication.

1. Ranjan Kumar Mohanta

3.  Popular article
 Research article
 Short note/short communication
 Letters to editor
 Technical note/bulletin/report
 Case report
 Review article
 Abstract/ mini-abstract/ extended abstract
 Book review

4. POPULAR ARTICLES
With references
e.g. Livestock line
Poultry line
Indian Dairyman
Without references
e.g. Livestock International
Dairy Planner
Agriculture Today etc.
Simple, lucid and easy to understand
Describe finding of research that may not be of his/her own
Intended for general public or target groups
No fixed structure of article
References not mandatory
Mostly follow current scenario

5. RESEARCH ARTICLES
Original research articles
-result of a planned original work
-emphasize all the aspects
-in a particular structure
Short communications/ short notes
-findings in only some parameters
-for rapid communication
-important findings, i.e. results
Brief, to the point and/or repeatable or replicable
Describe own research finding and may compare with others
Intended for scientific community or target groups
Fixed structure of article, e.g. abstracts, introduction, materials
and methods, results, discussion, references
Acknowledgement, conflict of interest, contribution of individual
authors

6. Usually contain:
◦ A summary or “abstract”
◦ Key words
◦ Description of the research
 methodologies adopted
 results generated
 significance of the results
◦ References cited
Research articles are not good places to find:
◦ basic summaries
◦ general introductions to a topic
Article:
◦ The most recent, cutting edge research
◦ Authoritative information about older research

7. Abstract
◦ Clear picture of the article in a concise manner
◦ About 200-250 words
◦ Usually in one paragraph
◦ Attractively represents all the information
Extended abstract
◦ Abstract having subheadings and tables, graphs, figures
also. About 600-800 words
Mini-abstract
◦ Represents a clear picture of an extended abstract in a
concise manner.
◦ 50-100 words.
ABSTRACT

8.  Review (Invited/Unsolicited)
 Chronological- date/year-wise, as per the authors’ work
 Critical-with a theme which is concept based
 Online- Nature Reviews, CABI
 Published - Microbiological Reviews, Annual Reviews
 Format – fixed/ variable
 Covers
 Recent, innovative and contemporary issues
 Devoted to a particular topic (last 5 yrs -more)
 Provides comprehensive information
 Has author(s) interpretations based on original findings
 Has more impact in getting citations
REVIEW ARTICLE

9. Guidelines on authorshop, International committee of Medical Journal Editors,
Reprinted by kind permission of the Editor of the British Medical Journal of Sept
14, 1985. J Clin Pathol 39: 110, 1986

10.  Definition: “A conflict of interest is a set of circumstances that
creates a risk that professional judgment or actions regarding a
primary interest will be unduly influenced by a secondary interest.”
 Occurs when an individual or organization is involved in
multiple interests, one of which could possibly corrupt the
motivation for an act in the other.
◦ i.e. Any undue funding grant or financial gain or promotion that may bias the
research
 Primary interest: principal goals of the profession or activity e.g.
 Integrity of research
 Compliance to Ethical norms in research
 Rationale for animal/human experimentation
 Secondary interest: Financial gain and motives
 Desire for professional advancement
 Wish to do favors for family and friends
CONFLICT OF INTEREST

11.  Financial or personal relationship
that inappropriately influence the actions
of an author, reviewer, or editor
 Also known as
 Dual commitments/competing interests/competing loyalties
 Authors should disclose their conflict of interest
 Financial relationships such as employment, consultancy,
stock ownership, honoraria, paid expert testimony
 Personal relationship
 Academic competition
 Intellectual passion
 Must be included in acknowledgment
CONFLICT OF INTEREST

12. Results of 176 studies on Environmental Hazards & Human
Health Baker (2008)
Objective Funding Harm No Harm
Impact of
Bisphenol A
on human
health
Industry 0
(0%)
13
(100%)
Independent
(e.g. Govt.)
152
(86%)
11
(14%)
CONFLICT OF
INTEREST
FINANCIAL PROFESSIONAL PERSONAL
PREJUDICE

13.  Latin word “plagiarius”: literally kidnapper
 “Wrongful appropriation," "close imitation," or
"purloining and publication" of another author's
"language, thoughts, ideas, or expressions," and the
representation of them as one's own original work
 Use of a writer's ideas or phraseology without giving due
credit
 Not a crime per se but is disapproved more on the grounds
of moral offence, and cases of plagiarism can involve liability
for copyright infringement.
 By failing to include quotations or
give the appropriate citation
 Self-plagiarism

14. Impact Factor
◦ Thomson Reuters
Eigenfactor Score
◦ University of Washington
Page Rank Algorithm
◦ Google
NAAS rating
◦ National Academy of Agricultural Sciences

15.  A measure reflecting the average number of
citations to recent articles published in science and
social science journals
 Devised by Eugene Garfield:
◦ founder of Institute for Scientific Information (ISI), now
part of Thomson Reuters
 Calculated after all the publications of previous year
have been processed by the indexing agency
 2011 impact factors are actually published in 2012

16.  IF of a journal is the avg. citations received per paper
published in that journal during the two preceding years
e.g. if a journal has an IF 3 in 2011, then its papers published in
2010 and 2009 received 3 citations each on avg. in 2011
A = the no. of times articles published in 2009 and 2010 were
cited by indexed journals during 2011.
B = the total number of "citable items" published by that
journal in 2009 and 2010.
("Citable items" are usually articles, reviews, proceedings, or
notes; not editorials or letters-to-the-editor)
 2011 impact factor = A/B

17.  Hirsch index or Hirsch number
◦ Jorge E. Hirsch
◦ Measures productivity & impact of published work of a scientist
or scholar
e.g. A scientist has index h if h of his/her papers have at
least h citations each
i-10 index:
Google citations
Immediacy Index :
◦ average number of times published papers are cited
during year of publication

18. National Academy of Agricultural Sciences (NAAS)
Objectives:
 to bring uniformity in the evaluation of
publications
 Assessment of research achievements
 Avoids arbitrariness in assessment
Category I: Where IF is available, 6.0 and 10.0
Category II: Non IF journals, on the basis of a proforma
 Previously , scale of 4 was used till 2007
 Now, a scale of 10 used: 1988 Journals (2012 list)

19. Rating Range JOURNALS NAAS Rating
0-2 Indian Journal of Dairy & Biosciences 1.8
2-3 Indian Journal of Animal Health 2.9
3-4 Animal Science Reporter 3.0
Indian Journal of Veterinary Research 3.6
4-5 Indian Journal of Veterinary Surgery 4.0
Intas Polivet 4.1
Indian Journal of Poultry Science 4.2
Indian Journal of Small Ruminants 4.3
Indian Journal of Veterinary Medicine 4.5
Indian Journal of Animal Nutrition 4.6
Indian Journal of Dairy Science 4.8
5-6 Indian Journal of Agronomy 5.0
Indian Veterinary Journal 6.0

20. IF IF
(2011)
NAAS
Rating
Journal
>0.00-0.02 0.002 6.1 Indian Journal of Animal Research
>0.02-0.04 0.040 6.2 Indian Journal of Fisheries
>0.10-0.20 0.122 6.6 Indian Journal of Animal Sciences
>0.30-0.40 0.323 6.8 Animal Nutrition & Feed Technology
>0.50-0.60 0.579 7.0 AJAS
>0.80-0.90 0.857 7.3 Animal Science Journal
>0.90-1.00 0.987 7.4 Archives of Animal Nutrition
>1.00-1.50 1.115 7.5 Tropical Animal Health & Production
>1.50-2.00 1.691 7.6 Animal Feed Science and Technology
>2.00-2.50 2.096 7.7 Journal of Animal Science
>3.00-3.50 3.013 7.9 British Journal of Nutrition
>9.00-10.00 9.447 9.1 Annual Review of Nutrition
>18.00 10 Cell, Lancet, Nature, Science etc.

21.  Good viewership
 Good NAAS & IF rating
 Citation possibility more
 Thorough reviewing and editing will improve
article quality
 Better recognition and promotion aspect

22. Criteria:
 High impact factor
 Citations
 Strong base of reviewers and editors
 Scope and international authorship
 Broad viewership
 Accessibility
 Online submission & Internet availability
Merits:
 Online first article
 Less time for processing
 Abstracting by major databases
 Minimum 3 yrs of publication
 In time publishing and quality

23.  Google Scholar
 Highwire Press
 Pubmed Central
 Directory of Open Access Journals (Lund University,
Sweden)
 Scopus (Elsevier)
 Scirus (Elsevier)
 J-Gate (INFORMATICS)
 Web of Science (Thomson Reuters)
 JSTOR
 INFOMINE (University of California, USA)

24.  CeRA
 NKRC (CSIR-DST)
 UGC INFONET 2.0 (INFLIBNET)
 DeLCON DBT e-Library Consortium
 ERMED
 INDEST-AICTE
 FORSA

25.  Springer Science + Business
Media
 Elsevier Science:
Science Direct
 CABI
 Cambridge University Press
 Indianjournals
 Nature Publishing Group
 Public Library of Science
 BioMed Central
 Oxford University Press
 Highwire Press
 CSIRO PUBLISHING
 Annual Reviews
 Taylor & Francis
 ARCC
 American Chemical Society
 Wiley-Blackwell

27.  National Agricultural Innovation Project (NAIP) in 2003
 The IARI Central Library houses the CeRA office.
Objectives:
• To develop the existing R & D information resource
• To subscribe e-journals and create an e-access culture
• To develop a Science Citation Index Facility for
evaluation of scientific publications
•To assess the impact of CeRA on the level of research
publications
 Documentary delivery systems at IARI, NDRI, IVRI and
CIFE
 Tremendous impact in improving the quality of research
and education

29.  CD-ROM is a new storage medium that can
serve as a quick, economical source of
information for students, researchers, writers,
and professionals in many fields.

30. Databases Subject
Food Sci. & Tech.
Abstracts (FSTA)
Basic food science, nutrition, biotechnology, toxicology
packaging and engineering.
Medline CD Microbiology, delivery of health care, nutrition
pharmacology and environmental health.
AGRIS CD Agriculture including forestry, animal husbandry, the
aquatic sciences and fisheries and human nutrition.
Beast CD
(Animal Production
Database)
All relevant records from the CAB Abstracts database,
corresponding to selections from a number of abstracts
journal in the CABI rang.
VET CD (Vet. Sci.
Databases)
All relevant veterinary sciences.
Biological Abstracts
(BA)
Bibliographic references with abstracts derived from
life science research journals.
Biotechnology Abstr.
(BioTchA)
Genetic manipulation to biochemical engineering and
fermentation.

31.  Windows based SilverPlatter Information Retrieval
System
◦ provides several search tools for retrieving information
stored in databases.
 A topic of interest
◦ Show, print, and download those records
◦ Save your search strategy for later use
◦ Select Years
◦ Search key word
◦ Save
◦ Modify search

32.  Search for the bibliographic records within
a library’s collection
 Browse and search
 Keyword and phrase search
 Only keyword search; keywords can be
combined with Boolean operators
 Searching of records through selected
keys – author, title, ISBN, call number, etc.
 Some searches can be limited by date,
collection, language, etc.

33.  Publishers website
 Google Scholar
 Broaden or narrowing
 Open in a new tab
 Exact match
 Best match
 Partial match
 Boolean operation
 Year/date specific
 Cross reference

34.  Those who have the most to say usually say it with
the fewest words
 What/who/why????
 Selection of journal
 Selection of matter
 Plan your writing
 Choosing articles for discussion
 Read references (referee/journal selection)
 Instruction to authors
 Write in simple and clear, but lucid manner
 Keep words flowing

35.  A reader should never have to read a sentence twice
to understand its meaning
 Don't rely on the spell checker only
 Ask yourself
◦ What I am trying to say?
◦ What words will express it?
◦ Could I put it more briefly?
 Use words carefully & precisely
 Active voice, better
 Print the draft, correct after reading it aloud, print
 Punctuations, awkward sentences, unnecessary
words, look of document
 Proofread

36.  Use of Spelling and Grammar Check
 Find and replace
 Use of show/hide icon
 Spacing
 Word limit
 Line number
 Author instruction
 Abbreviation of journals
 Keywords
 Avoid jargons

37. Important tips !!
 Add to favorites
 Save target as
 Always view MS-word pages as “ view page width”
 Open in a new tab
 Reference checking methodology

38. PROCESS OF PUBLICATION
Completion of research
Preparation of manuscript
Submission of manuscript
Assignment and review
Decision
Revision
Resubmission
Re-review
Acceptance
Publication
Rejection
Rejection

39. Home page
Indianjournals.com
Science Direct
Springer
Taylor and Francis
Wiley-Blackwell
Cambridge University Press
ICAR website
NOPR-CSIR
PLoS
NRC Press
SAGE press
CSIRO

40.  In Practice
 Journal of Animal Science
 Journal of Nutrition
 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
of the USA
 Veterinary Record

41. JOURNAL AVAILABLE FROM
Agricultural Reviews 2005
Animal Nutrition and Feed Technology 2005
Applied Biological Research ALL
Bhartiya Krishi Anusandhan Patrika ALL
BIOINFOLET - A Quarterly Journal of Life Sciences ALL
Indian Cow : The Scientific and Economic Journal 2005
Indian Journal of Animal Nutrition 2005
Indian Journal of Animal Research 2005
Indian Journal of Poultry Science 2005

42. Indian Journal of Small Ruminants (The) 2005
Indian Journal of Veterinary Pathology ALL
Indian Journal of Veterinary Research (The) ALL
INTAS POLIVET ALL
Journal of Camel Practice and Research ALL
Journal of Dairying Foods & Home Sciences ALL
Journal of Research, SKUAST-J ALL
Journal of Immunology and Immunopathology 2005
Journal of Veterinary Parasitology ALL
Range Management and Agroforestry ALL
Trends in Biosciences ALL
Theriogenology Insight - An International Journal of
Reproduction in all Animals
ALL

43.  Analytical Biochemistry
 Animal Behaviour
 Animal Feed Science and Technology
 Animal Reproduction Science
 Applied Animal Behaviour Science
 Cell
 Clinical Biochemistry
 Current Opinion in Biotechnology
 Domestic Animal Endocrinology
 Fertility and Sterility
 Food and Chemical Toxicology
 Food Chemistry
 International Dairy Journal

44.  Journal of Experimental Animal Science
 The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry
 Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology
 Life Sciences
 Livestock Science
 Research in Veterinary Science
 Small Ruminant Research
 Theriogenology
 Trends series in Biochemical Sciences, Food Science &
Technology, Immunology
 Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology
 The Veterinary Journal
 Veterinary Microbiology

45.  Annual Review of Analytical Chemistry
• Biochemistry
• Cell and Developmental Biology
• Genetics
• Genomics and Human Genetics
• Immunology
• Medicine
• Microbiology
• Nutrition
• Physiology
• Public Health
ANNUAL REVIEWS

46. ◦ Amino Acids
◦ Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology
◦ Archives of Microbiology
◦ Biological Trace Element Research
◦ Bimetals
◦ Biotechnology Letters
◦ Bulletin of Environmental Contamination &
Toxicology
◦ Climatic Change
◦ Cellular & Molecular Biology Letters

47. ◦ Current Microbiology
◦ Dairy Science & Technology
◦ Environmental Monitoring and Assessment
◦ Folia Microbiologica
◦ Food Security
◦ Genes & Nutrition
◦ Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry
◦ Indian Journal of Microbiology
◦ Journal of Biosciences
◦ Journal of Comparative Physiology. Series A & B
◦ Metabolomics
◦ Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems

48. ◦ Molecular Biology
◦ Molecular Biology Reports
◦ Molecular Biotechnology
◦ Mycotoxin Research
◦ Pflügers Archiv European Journal of Physiology
◦ Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins
◦ Proceedings of the Zoological Society
◦ Russian Agricultural Sciences
◦ Science in China Series C: Life Sciences
◦ Theory in Biosciences
◦ Tropical Animal Health and Production
◦ Veterinary Research Communications

49.  Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section A: Animal Science
 Animal Biotechnology
 Annals of Science
 Applied Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
 Archives of Animal Nutrition
 British Poultry Science
 Critical Reviews in Environmental Science & Technology
 Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition
 Ecology of Food and Nutrition
 Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A & B

50.  Food and Agricultural Immunology
 Food Biotechnology
 Food Reviews International
 Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science
 Journal of Applied Animal Research
 Journal of Environmental Science and Health
 Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
 Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health
 New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research
 New Zealand Journal of Zoology
 Nutrition and Cancer

51.  Australian Veterinary Journal
 Immunological Reviews
 Journal of Animal Breeding & Genetics
 Journal of Food Science
 Journal of Food Safety
 Journal of Small Animal Practice
 Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics
 Microbiology and Immunology
 Transboundary and Emerging Diseases
 Zoonoses and Public Health

52.  Animal Production Science
 Crop and Pasture Science
 Reproduction, Fertility and Development
AMERICAN SOCIETY OF AGRONOMY
Journal of Environmental Quality
Journal of Natural Resources and Life
Sciences Education

53.  Indian Journal of Agricultural Research
 Indian Journal of Animal Sciences
 Indian Journal of Veterinary Anatomy
 Indian Journal of Dairy Sciences
 Indian Journal of Fisheries
 Indian Journal of Fisheries Technology
 Current Science
 Journal of Bioscience
 Resonance

54.  Indian Journal of Biochemistry and Biophysics
 Indian Journal of Biotechnology
 Indian Journal of Chemical Technology
 Indian Journal of Chemistry -Section A
 Indian Journal of Chemistry -Section B
 Indian Journal of Experimental Biology
 Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge
 Journal of Intellectual Property Rights
 Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research

55.  Nutrition Abstracts and Reviews Series
 Parasitology Database
 Pig News and Information
 Poultry Abstracts
 Protozoological Abstracts
 Review of Aromatic and Medicinal Plants
 Review of Medical and Veterinary Entomology
 Review of Medical and Veterinary Mycology
 Tropical Diseases Bulletin
 Veterinary Bulletin
 Veterinary Science Database

56.  CAB Abstracts
 Global Health
 AgBiotechNet
 Animal Science Database
 Nutrition and Food Sciences Database
 VetMed Resource
 Abstracts on Hygiene and Communicable Diseases
 Animal Breeding Abstracts
 Animal Production Database
 Dairy Science Abstracts
 Index Veterinarius

57.  Advances in Animal Biosciences
 Agricultural Information Worldwide
 American Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences
 Animal Science Papers and Reports
 Annals Food Science and Technology
 Archives of Veterinary Science
 Asian Journal of Animal Sciences
 Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
 BMC Veterinary Research
 Brazilian Journal of Animal Health and Production
 Brazilian Journal of Animal Science

58.  Buffalo Bulletin
 Bulletin of the Veterinary Institute in Pulawy
 Czech Journal of Animal Science
 E-planet
 Italian Journal of Animal Science
 Journal of Animal and Feed Sciences
 Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances
 Journal of Research ANGRAU
 Livestock Research for Rural Development
 Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research
 Pakistan Veterinary Journal
 International Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances

59.  International Journal of Poultry Science
 International Journal of Veterinary Research
 Iranian Journal of Applied Animal Science
 Iranian Journal of Veterinary Research
 Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences
 South African Journal of Animal Science
 Tamilnadu Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences
 Turkish Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences
 Veterinary Research
 Veterinary World
 Veterinarski Arhiv

60.  Science Reporter
 Dream 2047
 Agriculture Today
 Everyman's Science
 Agrovet Buzz
 Livestock Line
 Poultry Line
 Dairy Planner
 Poultry Planner
 Livestock and Feed Trends

61. Please be generous in sharing your
…… Knowledge ,
Altruistic support &
Creative Ideas