The academic search engine provides search results by localizing the scientific results required by the user. There are various types of search engines with different characteristics. The engines are preferred based on the required results.
https://www.cognibrain.com/top-academic-search-engines-for-research/
All researchers have heard about the impact factor. Read to learn what you may not know about the impact factor. Other measures of journal quality are now available as well.
The academic search engine provides search results by localizing the scientific results required by the user. There are various types of search engines with different characteristics. The engines are preferred based on the required results.
https://www.cognibrain.com/top-academic-search-engines-for-research/
All researchers have heard about the impact factor. Read to learn what you may not know about the impact factor. Other measures of journal quality are now available as well.
In the race to publish more papers, some researchers indulge in unethical practices, one of which is salami slicing. Salami slicing means fragmenting one study and publishing it in multiple papers. This practice is considered improper and can affect your career, besides being damaging to science. This SlideShare explains in detail what salami slicing is and why it is considered unethical. It also includes opinions of journal editors on the issue.
Defining the h index and the calculation process. Also the main advantages and limitations besides how to increasing the h index.
Dr. Hassan Najman MUHAMED
hassan.muhamed@uod.ac
The University of Duhok - Kurdistan region of Iraq
What is scientific research writing?
Answer: It is the technical writing that scientists do to communicate their research to others [1].
What is a research manuscript?
Answer: A systematic inquiry document that entails collection of data; documentation of critical information; and analysis and interpretation of that data/information, in accordance with suitable methodologies set by specific professional fields and academic disciplines [2].
What is a review article?
Answer: A literature review article is a comprehensive summary of previous research on a topic. It is assumed that by mentioning a previous work in the field of study, that the author has read, evaluated, and assimiliated that work into the work at hand [3].
What is peer review paper?
The peer review paper is a validation of academic work, helps to improve the quality of published research, and increases networking possibilities within research communities [4].
What is meta-analysis?
Answer: A subset of systematic reviews; a method for systematically combining pertinent qualitative and quantitative study data from several selected studies to develop a single conclusion that has greater statistical power [5].
What dissertation?
Answer: A thesis is a hypothesis or conjecture. A PhD dissertation is a lengthy, formal document that argues in defense of a particular thesis. Two important adjectives used to describe a dissertation are ``original'' and ``substantial.'' The scientific method means starting with a hypothesis and then collecting evidence to support or deny it [6].
What are journals?
Answer: A research journal is a periodical that contains articles written by experts in a particular field of study who report the results of research in that field [7].
What does publisher mean?
Answer: Authors and publishers will generally have a publishing agreement (sometimes referred to as an author or licence agreement) in place when a work is published [8].
What is ISSN number?
Answer: An ISSN is an 8-digit code used to identify newspapers, journals, magazines and periodicals of all kinds and on all media–print and electronic [9].
What is volume of a journal?
Predatory publishing is a relatively recent phenomenon that seems to be exploiting some key features of the open access publishing model, sustained by collecting APCs that are far less than those found in legitimate open access journals. This CME aims to introduce to the participants on the phenomenon of predatory journals, why they continue to thrive, characteristics that are suggestive of a predatory journal, and how one can take step to minimize the risk of faling into predatory journal publication
h- Index, Measure of a Scientist’s Impact Challenges and OpportunitiesSameh Elhabashy
The h-Index is a metric to measure the productivity and impact of the published work of scholars.
The aim of this seminar is raising the awareness of the audience regarding :
Identification of h- Index.
Magnitude of h- Index.
Measurement of h- Index (manual /automatic).
Difference between (h- Index & impact factor).
h- Index & Impact Factor estimation Web sites or Data bases.
It’s important to remember that the impact factor only looks at an average citation and that a journal may have a few highly cited papers that greatly increase its impact factor, while other papers in that same journal may not be cited at all. Therefore, there is no direct correlation between an individual article’s citation frequency or quality and the journal impact factor.
Short PowerPoint presentation outlining important things to consider when deciding where to publish your research. This presentation also lists some of the tools that can be used to evaluate journal quality to assist in the publishing decision-making process.
Presentation of findings on Bibliometrics; description, methods with examples, advantages and disadvantages. Methods: Citation counts, Publication counts, H-index and Journal Impact Factor (JIF).
Resources used are shared, please use them.
Presented by Dom Mitchell, Community Manager for DOAJ to 35th Conference of International Association of Scientific and Technological University Libraries (IATUL).
A presentation exploring how DOAJ is using crowdsourcing to evaluate the ~9700 journals currently in DOAJ. Using a network of volunteers, every journals will be reassessed and evaluated based on the new criteria.
This version contains a handful of extra slides that were originally removed due to time restrictions.
Citation metrics versus peer review: Google Scholar, Scopus and the Web of Sc...Anne-Wil Harzing
This presentations reports on a systematic and comprehensive comparison of the coverage of the three major bibliometric databases: Google Scholar, Scopus and the Web of Science. Based on a sample of 146 senior academics in five broad disciplinary areas, we therefore provide both a longitudinal and a cross-disciplinary comparison of the three databases.
Our longitudinal comparison of eight data points between 2013 and 2015 shows a consistent and reasonably stable quarterly growth for both publications and citations across the three databases. This suggests that all three databases provide sufficient stability of coverage to be used for more detailed cross-disciplinary comparisons.
Our cross-disciplinary comparison of the three databases includes four key research metrics (publications, citations, h-index, and hI,annual, an annualised individual h-index) and five major disciplines (Humanities, Social Sciences, Engineering, Sciences and Life Sciences). We show that both the data source and the specific metrics used change the conclusions that can be drawn from cross-disciplinary comparisons.
In the race to publish more papers, some researchers indulge in unethical practices, one of which is salami slicing. Salami slicing means fragmenting one study and publishing it in multiple papers. This practice is considered improper and can affect your career, besides being damaging to science. This SlideShare explains in detail what salami slicing is and why it is considered unethical. It also includes opinions of journal editors on the issue.
Defining the h index and the calculation process. Also the main advantages and limitations besides how to increasing the h index.
Dr. Hassan Najman MUHAMED
hassan.muhamed@uod.ac
The University of Duhok - Kurdistan region of Iraq
What is scientific research writing?
Answer: It is the technical writing that scientists do to communicate their research to others [1].
What is a research manuscript?
Answer: A systematic inquiry document that entails collection of data; documentation of critical information; and analysis and interpretation of that data/information, in accordance with suitable methodologies set by specific professional fields and academic disciplines [2].
What is a review article?
Answer: A literature review article is a comprehensive summary of previous research on a topic. It is assumed that by mentioning a previous work in the field of study, that the author has read, evaluated, and assimiliated that work into the work at hand [3].
What is peer review paper?
The peer review paper is a validation of academic work, helps to improve the quality of published research, and increases networking possibilities within research communities [4].
What is meta-analysis?
Answer: A subset of systematic reviews; a method for systematically combining pertinent qualitative and quantitative study data from several selected studies to develop a single conclusion that has greater statistical power [5].
What dissertation?
Answer: A thesis is a hypothesis or conjecture. A PhD dissertation is a lengthy, formal document that argues in defense of a particular thesis. Two important adjectives used to describe a dissertation are ``original'' and ``substantial.'' The scientific method means starting with a hypothesis and then collecting evidence to support or deny it [6].
What are journals?
Answer: A research journal is a periodical that contains articles written by experts in a particular field of study who report the results of research in that field [7].
What does publisher mean?
Answer: Authors and publishers will generally have a publishing agreement (sometimes referred to as an author or licence agreement) in place when a work is published [8].
What is ISSN number?
Answer: An ISSN is an 8-digit code used to identify newspapers, journals, magazines and periodicals of all kinds and on all media–print and electronic [9].
What is volume of a journal?
Predatory publishing is a relatively recent phenomenon that seems to be exploiting some key features of the open access publishing model, sustained by collecting APCs that are far less than those found in legitimate open access journals. This CME aims to introduce to the participants on the phenomenon of predatory journals, why they continue to thrive, characteristics that are suggestive of a predatory journal, and how one can take step to minimize the risk of faling into predatory journal publication
h- Index, Measure of a Scientist’s Impact Challenges and OpportunitiesSameh Elhabashy
The h-Index is a metric to measure the productivity and impact of the published work of scholars.
The aim of this seminar is raising the awareness of the audience regarding :
Identification of h- Index.
Magnitude of h- Index.
Measurement of h- Index (manual /automatic).
Difference between (h- Index & impact factor).
h- Index & Impact Factor estimation Web sites or Data bases.
It’s important to remember that the impact factor only looks at an average citation and that a journal may have a few highly cited papers that greatly increase its impact factor, while other papers in that same journal may not be cited at all. Therefore, there is no direct correlation between an individual article’s citation frequency or quality and the journal impact factor.
Short PowerPoint presentation outlining important things to consider when deciding where to publish your research. This presentation also lists some of the tools that can be used to evaluate journal quality to assist in the publishing decision-making process.
Presentation of findings on Bibliometrics; description, methods with examples, advantages and disadvantages. Methods: Citation counts, Publication counts, H-index and Journal Impact Factor (JIF).
Resources used are shared, please use them.
Presented by Dom Mitchell, Community Manager for DOAJ to 35th Conference of International Association of Scientific and Technological University Libraries (IATUL).
A presentation exploring how DOAJ is using crowdsourcing to evaluate the ~9700 journals currently in DOAJ. Using a network of volunteers, every journals will be reassessed and evaluated based on the new criteria.
This version contains a handful of extra slides that were originally removed due to time restrictions.
Citation metrics versus peer review: Google Scholar, Scopus and the Web of Sc...Anne-Wil Harzing
This presentations reports on a systematic and comprehensive comparison of the coverage of the three major bibliometric databases: Google Scholar, Scopus and the Web of Science. Based on a sample of 146 senior academics in five broad disciplinary areas, we therefore provide both a longitudinal and a cross-disciplinary comparison of the three databases.
Our longitudinal comparison of eight data points between 2013 and 2015 shows a consistent and reasonably stable quarterly growth for both publications and citations across the three databases. This suggests that all three databases provide sufficient stability of coverage to be used for more detailed cross-disciplinary comparisons.
Our cross-disciplinary comparison of the three databases includes four key research metrics (publications, citations, h-index, and hI,annual, an annualised individual h-index) and five major disciplines (Humanities, Social Sciences, Engineering, Sciences and Life Sciences). We show that both the data source and the specific metrics used change the conclusions that can be drawn from cross-disciplinary comparisons.
A presentation on the nuances and complexities of evaluating scholarship and publication quality. Uses Lavoie, et al.'s framework for a schema on scholarly discourse.
Discusses at length disciplinary differences. Briefly coverage of traditional and altmetrics as well as open access, predatory publishing. Concept of scholarship for the "just publics" considers the broader social impact of scholarship.
Website Research for Destiny's End WebsiteBrilli Pazmino
This is the Website Research for the Destiny's End Website it contains what features a movie website has. Even on what my final decision will be on the website.
Citation Metrics: Established and Emerging ToolsLinda Galloway
An overview of established and emerging citation analysis tools including Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar Citations and altmetric tools used to measure scholarly influence. The presenter will compare and contrast these tools and provide an example of a basic search in each resource.
Practice with PoP: How to use Publish or Perish EffectivelyAnne-Wil Harzing
Covers four key ways in which Publish or Perish can be used:
1. Search for an individual's citation metrics
2. Do a literature review
3. Prepare your case for tenure or promotion
4. Prepare for a meeting with your "academic hero"
Also covers the why's of citation analysis, different metrics and diffferent databases and shows how to use PoP's multi-query center.
About the importance of social media usage for science communication - as part of a seminar called "Social Media Economics and Strategies" at the FU Berlin (Spring 2014)
Communicating science: tips and tricks for students Sarah Keenihan
The University of Adelaide runs a winter school in science communication for undergrad and postgrad science students. I spoke to the group about how I use social media to support my career as a freelance science writer.
Social Media in Science and Altmetrics - New Ways of Measuring Research Impact Christoph Lutz
Social media are becoming more and more popular in scientific communication. Scientists use them for a range of purposes, from sharing publications, to blogging about their own or others’ research, conference tweeting, interpersonal communication and online participation, for example via Q&As on academic social network sites like ResearchGate and academia.edu. Moreover, many social media platforms can be used for impact measurement via so-called altmetrics. Altmetrics capture and aggregate social media metrics such as (re)tweets, Facebook likes, Mendeley bookmarks and Wikipedia cites. They can challenge or at least complement bibliometric impact measures, like the Journal Impact Factor and the h-index, which have been criticized on various grounds. This presentation first summarizes recent studies on social media adoption in science. It then focuses on altmetrics and summarizes key findings in that domain. Finally, it gives a hands-on introduction to altmetrics by demonstrating two prominent services: Impactstory and Altmetric.com.
This presentation first outlines five different aspects of impact. I then look at what we can learn from the measurement of academic impact, usually operationalised as citations. I show that four key recommendations for academic impact (multiple sources, multiple metrics, cross-disciplinary focus, and long term perspective) can be applied to non-academic impact as well. In addition, I argue that the four C's of citation impact (competence, communication, collaboration, and care) also apply to non-academic impact.
This presentation I first discusses PoP's history, its philosophy, as well as recent new features and data sources, before sharing some survey data on what people use Publish or Perish for and what their background is.
The major part of the presentation focused on specific use cases for Publish or Perish. In the presentation you will learn how to track your citations in different data sources, how to make your case for tenure or promotion, how to clean your Google Scholar Profile, and how to export both bibliographic details and query results or metrics.
1University of PennsylvaniaSuite 300, Stouffer Commons.docxvickeryr87
1
University of Pennsylvania
Suite 300, Stouffer Commons
3702 Spruce Street
57-EXCEL (3-9235)
[email protected]
http://www.vpul.upenn.edu/lrc
GUIDE TO READING PRIMARY SOURCES
What is a primary source?
Primary sources are those constructed by people who were actually there at the time of
the event you are studying. For example, an 1865 newspaper account about the
assassination of President Lincoln is a primary source. Primary sources may include but
are not limited to: letters, journals and other items written by individuals; newspapers,
magazines and other news sources; laws, statutes and regulations; and memos, reports
and other records generated within organizations. A physical artifact, such as a piece of
pottery excavated from an archeological site, can also be viewed as a primary source. In
contrast, a secondary source is one that compiles or analyzes information about events
with which the author was not directly involved. A textbook is a secondary source, as are
many articles in scholarly journals.
Why is reading a primary source different from reading a secondary
source?
Reading primary source materials differs significantly from reading textbooks and other
secondary sources. Very often, textbooks and other secondary sources will tell the reader
what is important to remember from the text, and will organize the material specifically
with the student in mind as the audience. In contrast, because the author of a primary
source was not thinking of college students in the future as the most important audience
for his or her work, s/he did not provide a road-map to the reader to highlight what is
most important. Reading a primary source therefore puts more responsibility on the
reader to extract from the text what is important.
How should I approach reading a primary source?
PREPARATION: Learning is a process of hanging new information on a framework of
knowledge that already exists in your mind. Before starting to read, ask yourself a couple
of questions to help identify your framework.
- What do I already know about this subject?
- What do I want to get out of this reading?
WHILE READING: Try to think critically while reading a primary source. To do this,
ask yourself the following questions:
- What is the author saying?
- What does the author imply?
2
- What does the author assume?
- Is the argument valid? How does the author support the argument?
AFTER READING: Once you have read the material, take a few moments to reflect on
it. Ask yourself the following questions:
- Can you repeat in a concise statement what the author’s main argument was
and how it was supported?
- Can you extend the author’s argument to other circumstances?
- How does what you read change the framework you had in mind before you
started reading?
- What questions remain that you want to explore in this class?
- If you were going to start a discussion about this reading, what questions
would you raise?
[We.
Scientific Outreach and Grantsmanship Parts 1-3David Tng
Scientific outreach and grant writing are skills that will be essential throughout the career of is a researcher. This course is designed to provide tips for scientific outreach to, and more importantly, beyond the scientific community, and also to introduce the subject of grant writing for various formats of grant applications. This powerpoint presentation contains Part 1-3 of the course that was first delivered as an optional discipline module at the Institute of Biology, Federal University of Bahia.
Building your academic brand through engagement with social mediaAnne-Wil Harzing
What constitutes social media in an academic context?
Why do you (not) use social media?
Five key types of social media with different functions
Brief overview of key purpose and functionality
Look at a real-life example
Recommendations for how to use social media
I am happy to bring out this book titled “A Teachers Inner Voice” which is a compilation my articles from all the twelve issues of the monthly newsletter “Computer Science Faculty”. Every article was a reflection of faculty community’s inner voice, whenever I want to address some faculty issues, I will always find someone in my group who has already experiencing it tell me what it was. I use to follow my heart, listen to my inner voice and understand its relevance and applicability in reality because Non-judgment quiets the internal dialogue, and this opens once again the doorway to creativity and that’s how every month the article was been presented. I strongly believe in opinions, we meet new people every day who have something to give us. Different people have different opinions, and I respect all of them. Please share your views, opinions and off course any constructive criticism by mailing at cvsureshbabu@yahoo.com
C.V. Suresh Babu
Predatory Open Access Journals: Academic Beware!Anne-Wil Harzing
Provides an overview of my research into predatory open access journals, discussing their key characteristics and providing recommendations for academics to avoid them.
Makes the case that we should let metrics do the "heavy lifting" in the UK REF [Research Excellence Framework]. I show that a university-level ranking based on metrics (Microsoft Academic citations for all papers published with the university's affiliation between 2008-2013) correlates at 0.97 with the The REF power rating taken from Research Fortnight’s calculation. Using metrics to distribute research-related funding would free up a staggering amount of time and money and would allow us to come up with more creative and meaningful ways to build in a research quality component in the REF.
Metrics vs peer review: Why metrics can (and should?) be applied in the Socia...Anne-Wil Harzing
Review the debates on metrics vs peer review and suggests that we are comparing the idealised version of peer review to the reductionist version of metrics. Instead we should compare the reality of peer review with the inclusive version of metrics.
In the presentation I applied my research in three different areas to the role of English as a Lingua Franca in academia.
1. Language in International Business, dealing with country-of-origin effects, bridge individuals, power, and power/authority distortion.
2.The impact of foreign language use on thoughts, feelings, and behaviour, discussing the impact of English language use on questionnaire responses, feelings about key business concepts, and competitive behaviour.
3.Bibliometrics research, illustrating how Google Scholar promotes the diffusion of multilingual scholarship.
It is sooo unfair: internal vs external promotion in academiaAnne-Wil Harzing
In this presentation I covered the following topics:
* Why is promotion so central to our academic discourse and identity?
* Internal vs external promotion
- General reflections
- Seven reasons why external promotion is generally easier to achieve
* The gender context: yes bias does play some role
* Seven advantages of internal promotion
* Tips for promotion applications
Some personal reflections
Citation metrics across disciplines - Google Scholar, Scopus, and the Web of ...Anne-Wil Harzing
Key conclusions:
1. Will the use of citation metrics disadvantage the Social Sciences and Humanities?
* Not, if you use a database that includes publications important in those disciplines (e.g. books, national journals)
* Not, if you correct for differences in co-authorships
2. Is peer review better than metrics for the Social Sciences and Humanities?
* Yes, in a way…. The ideal version of peer review (informed, dedicated, and unbiased experts) is better than a reductionist version of metrics
* However, an inclusive version of metrics is probably better than the likely reality of peer review (hurried semi-experts, potentially influenced by journal outlet and affiliation)
Publish or Perish - Realising Google Scholar's potential to democratise citat...Anne-Wil Harzing
I discuss five key topics:
* Brief historical overview of “citizen bibliometrics”, i.e. use of bibliometrics by non-experts
* How Publish or Perish and Google Scholar have democratised citation analysis
* Publish or Perish users: who are they and how do they use PoP?
* Publish or Perish version 5: key new features
* What’s next for citizen bibliometrics?
Presentation on the usefulness of benchmarking for Research Deans - part of a course on Research Leadership by the European Foundation for Management Development
Keynote speech at the Eureopan Academy of Management at a panel on the future of business schools. Discusses the case for and against becoming more relevant.
The case for:
Engagement leads to better research
Ranking-mania leads us astray
Engagement through new media is easy
The case against:
Has the quest for relevance gone too far?
Are we asking too much of (junior) academics?
Let’s not create opposing “camps”
Describes how focusing on a new research context can lead to the discovery of new phenomena, new theories and concepts and new methodological challenges
Babel in Business: The role of language in international businessAnne-Wil Harzing
Inaugural lecture 13 April 2016, Middlesex University.
Language in HQ-subsidiary relationships
* The language barrier
* Problems affecting:
--1st language speakers
--2nd language speakers
--their relationship
* Thirteen solutions for managing language problems
* A close-up on the use of a corporate language
Moving to the individual level, the impact of foreign language use on:
* Thoughts: does foreign language use influence the way people respond to questionnaires?
* Feelings: does foreign language use influence feelings about key business concepts?
* Behaviour: does foreign language influence the level of competitive vs. cooperative behaviour?
Current and future research agenda
THE IMPORTANCE OF MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE SAMPLE RETURN.Sérgio Sacani
The return of a sample of near-surface atmosphere from Mars would facilitate answers to several first-order science questions surrounding the formation and evolution of the planet. One of the important aspects of terrestrial planet formation in general is the role that primary atmospheres played in influencing the chemistry and structure of the planets and their antecedents. Studies of the martian atmosphere can be used to investigate the role of a primary atmosphere in its history. Atmosphere samples would also inform our understanding of the near-surface chemistry of the planet, and ultimately the prospects for life. High-precision isotopic analyses of constituent gases are needed to address these questions, requiring that the analyses are made on returned samples rather than in situ.
This presentation explores a brief idea about the structural and functional attributes of nucleotides, the structure and function of genetic materials along with the impact of UV rays and pH upon them.
This pdf is about the Schizophrenia.
For more details visit on YouTube; @SELF-EXPLANATORY;
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCAiarMZDNhe1A3Rnpr_WkzA/videos
Thanks...!
(May 29th, 2024) Advancements in Intravital Microscopy- Insights for Preclini...Scintica Instrumentation
Intravital microscopy (IVM) is a powerful tool utilized to study cellular behavior over time and space in vivo. Much of our understanding of cell biology has been accomplished using various in vitro and ex vivo methods; however, these studies do not necessarily reflect the natural dynamics of biological processes. Unlike traditional cell culture or fixed tissue imaging, IVM allows for the ultra-fast high-resolution imaging of cellular processes over time and space and were studied in its natural environment. Real-time visualization of biological processes in the context of an intact organism helps maintain physiological relevance and provide insights into the progression of disease, response to treatments or developmental processes.
In this webinar we give an overview of advanced applications of the IVM system in preclinical research. IVIM technology is a provider of all-in-one intravital microscopy systems and solutions optimized for in vivo imaging of live animal models at sub-micron resolution. The system’s unique features and user-friendly software enables researchers to probe fast dynamic biological processes such as immune cell tracking, cell-cell interaction as well as vascularization and tumor metastasis with exceptional detail. This webinar will also give an overview of IVM being utilized in drug development, offering a view into the intricate interaction between drugs/nanoparticles and tissues in vivo and allows for the evaluation of therapeutic intervention in a variety of tissues and organs. This interdisciplinary collaboration continues to drive the advancements of novel therapeutic strategies.
What is greenhouse gasses and how many gasses are there to affect the Earth.moosaasad1975
What are greenhouse gasses how they affect the earth and its environment what is the future of the environment and earth how the weather and the climate effects.
2. PRESENTATION OUTLINE
! Impact analysis: why?
! Publication is NOT the end result of research
! What is impact and how to measure it?
! Why care about citation analysis?
! How to get cited?
! Remember the four P’s of publishing?You need to publish before you can get cited
and you won’t be cited if your work isn’t any good
! However, you can improve your chances of being cited through: Communication,
Collaboration, Care (more details to follow)
! Where to find citation data and how to use them?
! Why use Google Scholar as a complement to ISI data?
! Citation search and analysis through Google Scholar/Publish or Perish
! How to make your case for research impact?
3. WHAT IS IMPACT?
EMERALD IMPACT MATRIX
! Knowledge (academic):
! implications for research
! citations
! Practice:
! implications for practice
! actual application of research in industry and business, patents
! Teaching:
! research-led teaching
! provision of case studies and examples
! Public policy:
! implications for policy
! actual influence on public policy
! Society:
! implications for society
! actual change of norms & values, e.g. environmental impact, social responsibility
4. HOW TO MEASURE IMPACT?
! Non-academic aspects of impact are difficult to operationalise & measure
! Alt-metric.com free bookmarklet: tracks tweets, blogs, and other social media
! Does this constitute impact? Does it work reliably (it didn’t for me)?
! Impactstory (aka Total Impact)
! Collection creation fairly time-consuming, import from Google Scholar Citations possible
! Impact report not very meaningful, web interface instable and jumps around
! Other efforts: e.g. readermeter, crowdometer,
! All in beta, timed out/closed, (very) incomplete; enthusiastic starters, but no follow-through
! Aimed at one-off searches, usually need additional work (author ID, GSC profile, twitter account)
! Could be incorporated into academic impact, e.g. Journal of Consumer Research only
publishes work that they expect to have societal and practical impact
! In universities the main emphasis remains on academic impact
! Citations are still seen as the main metric for academic impact
! Presentation focuses on citation analysis of Google Scholar data through Publish or Perish
! Google Scholar could be argued to include some of the other forms of impact, because of its
broader coverage than traditional commercial databases such as ISI and Scopus
! Publish or Perish is designed so that even the most inexperienced users can get good results and a
clear and comprehensive overview quickly for a variety of uses
5. CITATION ANALYSIS:
WHY CARE?
! Why publish if nobody cites your work?
! Not publishing is like being mute, not being cited is a lot like talking without anybody
listening
! Okay, your work might still be read by students, managers, or academics who do not
publish
! But: academic research should also contribute to academic discourse
! Government research assessments and academic promotions increasingly focus on
citation impact
! Why would you want to know if your work is cited?
! To prepare for confirmation/promotion/yearly performance appraisal
! To know who is building on your work
! They might be future collaborators
! It is exciting to see how others are using your research, you might get new ideas through it
! To get an ego boost, to know someone has (presumably) read your work !
6. HOW TO GET CITED?
MY OWN TAKE (1)
! First of all Competence (aka as Performance in the four P’s of publishing),
you won’t be cited if your work isn’t any good.
! However, you can improve your chances of being cited through the three remaining c’s
! Communicate (they can only cite your paper if they know about it)
! Personal website, the best thing I have ever done
! Put your papers online Online papers, full list of publications
! SSRN,Academia.edu, ResearchGate and LinkedIn are great alternatives if you don’t have your own
web site
! Make sure your papers are found if someone searches for a topic relating to your research in
Google
! As an example my research interests: Language in international business;
Headquarters subsidiary relationships;Transfer of management practices
! Conferences, attend & talk to people
! volunteer for PDWs, as discussant, session chair, committee member
! Email, ask for papers and send yours in return
! Don’t be shy to send your papers, most academics appreciate it
7. EXAMPLE EMAIL
! I don’t know if you remember me, but I met you atVictoria University (NZ)
when you came to speak many years ago. At the time I was a PhD student
researching multilingualism and the role of English in banks in Luxembourg.
! Now, I’m delighted to share with you what I have just published onYouTube.
It’s a short 20 minute illustration (doodle) on some aspects of my PhD. It’s a
video that could be used as a teaching resource. I’ve attached a free e-print
from the 2013 journal article that goes with it and there are other
publications found in theYouTube description. I hope you enjoy it as much
as I did in producing it!
! https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1O1yE9ylqZo
! http://www.tandfonline.com/eprint/VQn6deUXGpAkvGBDDgr7/full
! Signature
[Picture included]
8. HOW TO GET CITED?
MY OWN TAKE (2)
! Collaborate (not just because it makes doing research more fun)
! It often leads to better quality research
! Complementary skills (theory development, empirical research, analysis, practical implications)
! Always someone to read your paper critically
! More motivation to finish your papers
! Co-authored papers are cited more (because each author has their own network)
! Your collaborators will cite you in their other projects
! Care (this more generally makes our profession a nicer place to be)
! For your own reputation, it is your most valuable asset
! Nobody wants to use and cite the work of someone they don’t respect
! For others; help wherever you can
! Keep the promises you make at conferences
! Alert collaborators and academic friends to useful information & congratulate them on their
achievements
! Thank others for their help!
9. HOW TO GET CITED?
WHAT CAN UNIVERSITIES DO?
! Create a research culture
! Invite (international) academic visitors
! Get involved in (international) collaborations
! Run seminar series, even if they are very informal
! Be considerate
! Acknowledge that especially for areas such as HRM and accounting publishing in local journals
that attract fewer citations is important for knowledge transfer to practice
! Acknowledge that not all topics are easy to publish in top North American journals (but don’t
discard that option just because you have Australian/British/European data, see Carol Kulik’s 2005
Journal of Management editorial)
! Celebrate
! Achievements (in all forms), but don’t make others feel like a failure
! Diversity in topics, research methods, writing styles
! Do not engage in head-to-head “competition” with North American academics, we can only lose
! Build on your strengths, but do change the 10-30% of your approach you need to adjust “to be heard”
10. WHERE TO FIND CITATION DATA?
GOOGLE SCHOLAR TO COMPLEMENT ISI
! ISI has long been the “gold standard” of impact measurement
! Recently, alternatives have become available
! Scopus (general),
! Citeseer (computer science),
! RePEc (Economics)
! Google Scholar is the only alternative that is:
! Not focused on a single discipline only
! Freely available to anyone with an Internet connection
! Suitable for citation analysis (but only with Publish or Perish as an interface)
11. GS TO COMPLEMENT ISI
WHY? (1)
! Google Scholar gives a more comprehensive citation count
! WoS General Search is limited to ISI-listed journals
! Citations to books, book chapters, dissertations, theses, working papers, reports,
conference papers, and journal articles published in non-ISI journals are not included
! Of the journals included in my JQL (generally only high-quality journals), ISI coverage
runs from 30%-43% for Finance & Accounting, Management & Marketing to 73%-80%
for Economics, MIS, Mgt Science/OR/Ops
! WoS Cited Reference Search
! Does include citations to non-ISI publications. However, it only includes citations
from journals that are ISI-listed
! Counts citations to non-ISI publications only towards the first author
! Co-authorship is increasingly common and hence ISI misses many citations
12. GS TO COMPLEMENT ISI:WHY? (2)
! In contrast to GS, ISI seem to have difficulty in dealing with non-Anglo name variants
! Until mid-1990s of citations to “Baden-Fuller” have been entered as “Badenfuller”, citations to
“van Raan” have been entered as “Vanraan”
! Names with diacritics (e.g. Köhler) used to give an error message
! Now they resolve to both Koehler and Kohler (Köhler still doesn’t show up) which makes it hard to
disambiguate authors
! A search for names in non-Roman scripts still gives an error message
! WoS has very limited coverage of non-English sources
! e.g. one French Accounting academic has 30 cites in ISI, but >1000 in GS as most of citations are
in French journals
! Non-English coverage is particularly important for disciplines with a strong local content such as
accounting and industrial relations
! WoS has very poor aggregation of minor variations of the same title/name
! “Stray” citations are very common
! A Harzing,AW Harzing,A-W Harzing,AWK Harzing,AK Harzing
! Books suffer from frequent typos in data entry: Culture’s consequences has more than 100
different instances: Clotures Consequence, Clultural Consequenc, Culultures Consequenc, Cult
Consequences In
13. CITATIONS IN DIFFERENT DATA SOURCES:
WHAT’S THE DIFFERENCE? (MY OWN CITES)
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
10000
ISI General Search Scopus ISI Cited Reference Google Scholar
1618
2460
3110
9117
15. GOOGLE SCHOLAR FOR INDIVIDUALS
WHAT MEASURES TO USE?
! H-index increasingly seen as a convenient summary of quantity & impact
and used in many research assessments
! H-index of 10 means 10 papers with at least 10 citations each
! Can be adjusted for co-authorships (hi norm) and for age of paper (hc index) or for
both co-authorship and professional age (hIa = annualised individual h-index)
! Total citations is probably the fairest way to assess impact for individuals
! Focus on citations per paper might discourage people to publish additional papers
! Can be adjusted by years (Total citations/years active) and number of authors (Sum
of citations for each paper divided by the number of authors)
! Only relevant for more senior researchers; own example, published since 1995:
! in the first five years I had about 20 ISI citations
! in the next five years I had about 125 ISI citations
! in the last five years I had about 2000 ISI citations
16. GOOGLE SCHOLAR FOR INDIVIDUALS
HOW TO TRACK CITATIONS?
! Publish or Perish
! Designed to make GS a more useful alternative to ISI
! Designed to empower individual academics by providing citation analysis with a wide
range of metrics at a click of the mouse
! As with ISI: don’t take its results as absolute and think before passing a “verdict”; we
are dealing with human beings, not machines!
! Demonstration of author search
! Different metrics
! Merging publications
! Sorting
! Can also be used to assess journals, do literature research, etc.
17. PUBLISH OR PERISH FOR INDIVIDUALS
HOW TO PRESENTYOUR CASE (1)?
! Review various measures of impact (Run search: “A Harzing”)
! Many well-cited pubs (h-index) vs some highly-cited pubs (g-index)
! Young versus older papers (hc index measures current impact)
! Single versus co-authored (hI norm corrects for multiple authors)
! Which of your publications is a star? (Idem)
! Review citations per year for each publication
! Shows you which of your research topics have more impact
! What type of publication is it?
18. NEW METRIC
INDIVIDUAL ANNUAL H-INDEX
! Harzing, Alakangas & Adams (2014) propose hIa: Individual annual h-index
! Corrects the h-index for co-authorship and length of academic career
! The average number of single-author equivalent impactful publications per year, hence a hIa
of more than one shows excellent research performance
! Provides a more reliable comparison between disciplines (see graph, based on a sample
of 150 Associate and Full Professors at the University of Melbourne)
! For more details see: DOI 10.1007/s11192-013-1208-0
0.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.25
0.30
0.35
0.40
0.45
0.50
0
5
10
15
20
25
Life Sciences Sciences Engineering Social
Sciences
Humanities
h-index (left axis) hIa-index (right axis)
19. MERGING PUBLICATIONS
! Publications can have multiple versions in Google Scholar, because
! Academics make mistakes in referencing publications, creating stray citations
! Google Scholar makes mistakes in parsing publications
! Publication might appear on websites with different referencing standards
! Some publications actually have more than one version (e.g. conference/working paper and
final version)
! Merging publications can be a good option
! Simply select the publication and drag it onto the master record with the mouse
! Please note that in some cases this might lead to inflated citations it the same citing works
are duplicated or both conference and journals publication are cited
22. PUBLISH OR PERISH FOR INDIVIDUALS
HOW TO PRESENTYOUR CASE (2)?
! How does your article score within the journal?
! The top, or one of the top-3/5(%) or top-10(%) scorers in that year? (OS 2003)
! Play with this for the different data sources
! 6th most cited in Google Scholar
! 4th most cited in Microsoft Academic Search
! 3rd most cited in Scopus
! 2nd most cited in Thomson Reuters ISI
! The first listed paper from your country/outside North America? (IJHRM 1995)
! The top-10/20/50 since inception (IBR 1997)
! The most-cited paper in the journal since inception (ESEP 2008)
27. ISI OR SCOPUS DATA IN POP
! What if you still want to use ISI of Scopus data
! Publish or Perish can import both ISI and Scopus records
! PoP automatically calculates the same citation metrics as for Google Scholar
! Detailed comparisons between data-bases become possible
! Procedures
! Perform one or more searches in ISI or Scopus and save in one of the formats
! http://www.harzing.com/pophelp/importing.htm
! Import files into Publish or Perish
! This can be done in seconds with a few mouse-clicks
! You can import as many files as you want in one go
! Simple visual comparisons can be done in the multi-query centre (see screenshot)
! For more sophisticated comparisons export statistics to Excel for further processing
! Currently working on a project that compares nearly 150 Melbourne professors over a full
year using Scopus, ISI and Google Scholar data
29. MORE INFORMATION?
! Chapter 1: Introduction to citation analysis
! Chapter 2: Introduction to Publish or Perish
! Chapter 3: Author searches
! Chapter 4: Journal searches
! Chapter 5: General citation search queries
! Chapter 6: Multi-query centre
! Chapter 7: Making your case for tenure or promotion
! Chapter 8: How to evaluate other academics?
! Chapter 9: Tips for deans and other academic administrators
! Chapter 10:Where to submit your paper?
! Chapter 11: Conducting a literature review
! Chapter 12: Doing bibliometric research on authors & journals
! Chapter 13: Evaluating Google Scholar
! Chapter 14: Evaluating Thomson ISI Web of Science
! Chapter 15:A Google Scholar h-index for journals
! Chapter 16:Author citation analysis across disciplines
Now available online:
http://www.harzing.com/popbook/index.htm