The document discusses the importance and process of reviewing literature for research. It states that a literature review identifies what is already known about the topic, potential gaps, and helps develop hypotheses and research questions. The review examines primary sources like research reports and secondary sources like summaries. It provides examples of electronic databases and online journals that can be searched, as well as printed sources such as nursing journals, research reports, dissertations, and books. The purpose is to convey previous knowledge on the topic and help improve research methodologies.
Review of literature is one of the most important steps in the research process. It is an account of what is already known about a particular phenomenon.
Literature review is a laborious task, but it is essential if the research process is to be successful.
Review of literature is one of the most important steps in the research process. It is an account of what is already known about a particular phenomenon.
Literature review is a laborious task, but it is essential if the research process is to be successful.
Common research design used in Nursing.
Types of Quantitative, Qualitative and mixed method nursing research design. its also further classify into experimental and non experimental research design
Literature Review (Review of Related Literature - Research Methodology)Dilip Barad
Literature Review or Review of Related Literature is one of the most vital stages in any research. This presentation attempts to throw some light on the process and important aspects of literature review.
Slides prepared for beginners of nursing research or novice researchers. it will enhance and clear there basic understanding about using research designs.
Common research design used in Nursing.
Types of Quantitative, Qualitative and mixed method nursing research design. its also further classify into experimental and non experimental research design
Literature Review (Review of Related Literature - Research Methodology)Dilip Barad
Literature Review or Review of Related Literature is one of the most vital stages in any research. This presentation attempts to throw some light on the process and important aspects of literature review.
Slides prepared for beginners of nursing research or novice researchers. it will enhance and clear there basic understanding about using research designs.
Chemical literature, literature review, types of literature, primary, secondary and tertiary literature, Abstract and indexing, Applied science and Technology index, chemical, biological and physics abstracts - index engineering, medicus, chemicus, science citation index - treatise
Finding articles and books using database for your discipline pubricaPubrica
A literature search is a well-organised and systematic survey from the already published data to become aware of a breadth of good pleasant references on a particular topic. Formulating a well-focussed question is an important step for facilitating accurate scientific research.
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FOCUS INFORMATION LITERACY^A Survey of Scholarly Literatu.docxkeugene1
FOCUS: INFORMATION LITERACY^
A Survey of Scholarly Literature Databases
for Clinical Laboratory Science
DONNA LO'MALLEY
Ihis article reviews the use of journal literature databases
including CINAHL, EMBASE, and Web of Science; sum-
marizing databases including Cochrane Database of System-
atic Reviews, online textbooks, and clinical decision-support
tools; and the Internet search engines Coogle and Coogle
Scholar, llic series closes with a practical example employ-
ing a cross-section of the knowledge and skills gained from
all three articles.
ABBREVIATIONS: C : D S R = Cochrane Database of Sys-
tematic Reviews; CINAHL = Cumulative Index to Nursing
and Allied Health Literature; CDM = gestational diabetes;
SCI = Science Citation Index.
INDEX TERMS: algorithms; bibliographic databases; infor-
mation storage and retrieval; Internet; medical technology;
online systems.
Clin Lab Sci 2008;21( l ) :49
Donna L O'Malley MLS is library associate professor at
rhe Dana Medical Library at the University of Vermont,
Burlington VT.
Addressforcorrespondence:Donna L OMalley MLS, library
iissociate professor, Dana Medical Library, University of Ver-
mont, Medical Education Center, Burlington VT05405. (802)
656-44!5, (802) 656-0762 (fax), [email protected]
Frances Delwiche MLIS MT(ASCP) is the Foeus: Information
Literacy guest editor.
fhe Focus icctiim seeks to publish reievani and timely continuing
vducation for cliuicnl laboratory practitioners. Section editors, topics,
and authors art selected in advance to cover current areas of interest in
each discipline. Readers Ciin ohtiiin continuing education credit (CE)
through PA. C.EJ'hy completing the continuing education registration
form, recording answers to the examination, and mailing a photocopy of
it with the appropriate fee to the arUress designated on the form. Sugges-
lions jor future Eoctis topics andatithors, and manuscripts appropriate
for CE credit are encouraged. Direct all inquiries to the Clin Lab Sci
Editorial Office, ICInk, 858 Saint Annes Drive, Iowa City IA 52245.
{319)354-3861, (319)338-1016 (fax), [email protected]
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
1. Descrihe what is meant by "primary literature" in the
health sciences.
2. Discuss the characteristics of the major primary and
summarizing databases used by health professionals.
3. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of searching
the Internet for professional health information.
4. Illustrate how popular Internet search engines can be
used to find unique information in the health sciences.
The primary literature in the health sciences consists of re-
ports of original research generally published in the form of
articles in scholarly/academic journals. Ihe articles in these
journals are indexed by searchable databases such as MED-
LINE, CINAHL, and EMBASE, which function as an aid
to finding articles on a desired topic. The primary literature
has the advantage of being a direct communication from the
researchers who performed the inv.
An important step in successful research is identifying the preferred format (citations, abstracts, full text) of the search results. The information you need will determine which resources you will use to find it.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
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Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...
Review of literature
1. REVIEW OF LITERATURE
INTRODUCTION
Review of literature is one of the mostimportant steps in the research
process.
Itis an account of what is already known about a particular phenomenon.
The main purposeof literature review is to convey to the readers about the
work already done & the knowledge & ideas that have been already
established on a particular topic of research.
Literature review is a laborious task, butit is essential if the research
process is to be successful.
MEANING OF REVIEW OF LITERATURE
A literature review uses as its databasereports of primary or original
scholarship & does not reportnew primary scholarship itself. The
primary reports used in the literature may be verbal, but in the vast
majority of cases, reports arewritten documents. The types of
scholarship may be empirical, theoretical, critical/analytic, or
methodological in nature. Second a literature review seeks to describe,
summarize, evaluate, clarify &/or integrate the content of primary
reports.
A literature review is a body of text that aims to review the critical
points of knowledge on a particular topic of research.
IMPORTANCEOF REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Identification of a research problem & development or refinement of
research questions.
Generation of usefulresearch questions or projects/activities for the
discipline.
Orientation to what is known & not known about an area of inquiry to
ascertain what research can best contribute to knowledge.
Determination of any gaps or inconsistencies in a body of knowledge.
Discovery of unanswered questions aboutsubjects, concepts or problems.
Determination of a need to replicate a prior study in different study
settings or different samples or sizeor different study populations.
2. Development of hypothesis to be tested in a research study.
Helps in planning the methodology of the present research study.
Italso helps in development of research instruments.
Identification of suitable design & data collection methods for a research
study
PURPOSEOF REVIEW OF LITERATURE
The purposeof a literature review is to convey to the reader previous
knowledge& facts established on a topic, & their strength & weakness.
The literature review allows the reader to be updated with the state of
research in a field & any contradictions that may exist with challenges
findings of other research studies.
Ithelps to develop research investigative tools & to improveresearch
methodologies.
Italso provides the knowledgeabout the problems faced by the previous
researchers’ whilestudying sametopic.
Besides enhancing researchers’ knowledgeaboutthe topic, writing a
literature review helps to:
Develop general explanation for observed variations in a behavior or
phenomenon.
Identify potential relationship between concepts & to identify researchable
hypothesis.
Learn how others have defined & measured key concepts.
Identify data sources thatother researchers haveused. Develop alternative
research projects.
Discover how a research projectis related to the work of others.
3. SOURCES OF REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Literature can be reviewed fromtwo sources: 1. Primary sources 2. Secondary
sources.
1. Primary Sources
Literature review mostly relies on primary sources, i.e. research
reports, which are description of studies written by researchers who
conducted them.
A primary sourceis written by a person who developed the theory or
conducted the research, or is the description of an investigation
written by the person who conducted it.
Most primary sources arefound in published literature.
For example, a nursing research article.
2. Secondary Sources
Secondary sourceresearch documents aredescription of studies
prepared by someoneother than the original researcher.
They are written by people other than the individuals who developed
the theory or conducted the research.
MAIN SOURCES
1. ELECTRONICSOURCES:
Computer-assisted literature search has revolutionized the review of
literature.
These searches, however, for a variety of reasons may not provide
the desired references. Electronic literature search through web may
be very useful, but sometimes it can be time consuming &
unpredictable because there are many website & web pages that can
lead to information overload & confusion.
General literature search can be conducted through search engines
like Yahoo (www.yahoosearch.com),
Google (www.google.com),
MSN search, Lycos, WebCrawler, Alta Vista, or Excite.
4. The most relevant nursing databases areas follows:
CINAHL (CumulativeIndexto Nursing & Allied Health Literature):
Accessibleat http://www.cinahl.com, itcitations of nursing literature
published after 1988.
Even full-text articles are available on CINAHL plus, a paid web page.
PubMed: PubMed can be used to search research abstracts, available
at http://pubmed.com
MEDLINE(Medical Literature Analysis & Retrieved SystemOnline): It
is another electronic sourceof literature review commonly used by
nurses. TheNational Library of Medicine provides free access to
MEDLINEthrough PubMed, available at www.pubmed.comor
http://ncbi.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi.
Generally, abstracts of research articles are provided free of cost;
some of the full-text copies arealso freely available & some others
are available for a free.
CochraneDatabase of SystemReviews: Health care-related literature
can be searched fromthis source, available
http://www.cochrane.org. ERIC: TheERICdatabaseis the largest
sourceof education information.
Registry of Nursing Research:Sigma Theta Tau InternationalHonor
Society of Nursing makes this database available through its Virginia
Henderson InternationalNursing Library. Access to this databasehas
been redesigned & made easier for users to obtain evidence &
scientific findings frommore than 2,200 research article &
conference abstracts.
The research abstracts are searched via key words, author, & title of
the research study. Freeaccess to this databasemay be found at
http://www.nursinglibrary.org
PsycINFO: ThepsycINFO databasebelongs to American Psychological
Association, & covers literature frompsychologicalor related
disciplines Online Journals:
Following are the website addresses for journals & magazines that
are available online:
http://www.nursefriendly.com/nursing/linksections/nursingjornal.ht
ml
5. http://www.nsna.org
http://www.healthweb.org
http://www.ispub.com/ostia/index.php
http://www.healthweb.org.browse.cfm?catergy=1727
http://www.juns.nursing.arizona.edu
http://www.medbioworld.com
http://www.nursingworld.org.ojin
http://www.eaa-knowledge.com.ojni/#
http://www.nursingweek.com
Other online databases: Many other online databasecan be searched for
free by nurses fromthe following websites:
http://www.aidsinfo.nih.gov (HIV/AIDS information)
http://www.hazmap.nlm.nih.gov (information on hazardous agents)
http://www.child.nih.gov (combined health information database)
http://www.toxinet.nlm.nih.gov (toxicology databasenetwork)
Cancer Lit (Cancer literature)
EMBASE (exerpta Medica Database)
ETOH (Alcohol & alcohol problems science database)
Health STAR (Health services technology administration & research)
Radix (Nursing managed care database)
CD-ROM(Compactdisc-read only memory) with research
2. PRINTED SOURCES:
Printed sources arealso used for literature review.
Printed research summary may be located from published abstracts such
as Nursing Research Abstract, PsychologicalAbstracts, Dissertation Abstract
International, Masters AbstractInternational, etc.
References of the other printed sources may be located through indexes
such as cumulative Indexto Nursing & Allied Health Literature, Nursing
Studies Index, & IndexMedicus.
Following are the main printed sources that can be used to review the
relevant literature:
Journals: There are severalNational & Internationaljournals which can be
used to review the research
6. NAME OF NATIONAL NURSING JOURNALS
Nursing & Midwifery Research Journal Indian journalof Nursing
Research & Midwifery The nursing Journalof India Nightingale Nursing
Times InternationalJournalof Nursing Education Indian Journalof
Nursing Studies
NAME OF INTERNATIONA JOURNALES
nursing research research in nursing & health nursing sciences
quarterly western journalof nursing research applied nursing research
biological research for nursing advances in nursing sciences clinical
nursing research worldviews on evidence-based nursing journalof
qualitative research American journalof nursing
Research reports
Unpublished dissertations & theses Magazines & newspapers
Conference papers & proceedings
Encyclopedias & dictionaries Books
