This document provides information on elemental analysis of biological samples using inductively coupled plasma (ICP) techniques. It discusses challenges in analyzing clinical samples due to issues like limited volume and complex matrices. It recommends solutions like using different nebulizers and torches tailored to the application. The document also emphasizes the importance of speciation analysis to determine toxicity and recommends an HPLC interface kit and micro-nebulizers for analyzing small sample volumes. Maintaining a constant temperature is shown to improve sensitivity and detection limits.

1. TIPS FOR ELEMENTAL ANALYSIS OF
BIOLOGICAL SAMPLES

2.  Lead in blood and urine
 Pica in children
 Urban poisoning
 OSHA regulations
 Hg, As, and Cd
 Insecticides
 Certain fish
 Water and air
 Toys
 Forensic applications
 Intentional poisoning
 Weapon ID
 Essential trace nutrients
 Se as antioxidant
 Cr for glucose metabolism
 Co for Vitamin B12
CLINICAL APPLICATIONS OF ICP

3. CHALLENGES OF CLINICAL SAMPLES
Challenges:
 Homogeneity
 Complex matrix
 Limited volume
 Speciation
Solutions:
 Digestion; sonication;
sample size
 Neb, torch, injector
 Micro nebs, increased
transport
 HPLC-ICP-MS

4. CHOOSING THE RIGHT NEBULIZER
Application
 High dissolved solids
 Particulates and high TDS
 Limited volume
 Very small sample
Nebulizer
 SeaSpray
 VeeSpray
 Low uptake SeaSpray
 (0.4ml/min)
 MicroMist
(0.05ml/min)

5. TORCH SELECTION
 Injector shape
 Aerosol dilution
 Outer tube
material

6. PATENTED D-TORCH
 Demountable outer tube
 Demountable injector
 Optional ceramic outer tube
 Economical price

7. QUARTZ VS. CERAMIC
6 HOURS OF RUNNING 10% NaCl
Quartz outer tube Ceramic outer tube

8. WHY SPECIATION?
Bad form
 AsIII, AsV
 CrVI
 (CH3)Hg
 BrO3-
Not so bad
 MMA, DMA
 CrIII
 HgII
 Br-
 Increasing requirement of speciation methods for toxicity limits (As, S, Cr).
 Need for reliable HPLC and IC interface to your ICP.

9. HPLC & IC INTERFACE KIT
• Resists blockage
• Fast washout
• Zero dead volume
• Minimizes peak broadening
The Answer: Glass Expansion LC Fittings Kit
 Quick and easy connection of your HPLC & IC to your ICP.
 Compatible with any GE U-Series nebulizer.

10. U-SERIES NEBULIZER
(SeaSpray)
 Made from constant
bore thick walled
tubing
 Machined exterior
provides proper
aerodynamics
 Heated and drawn
glass capillary
 Variation in wall
thickness
 Variation in bore ID

11. ANALYSIS OF LIMITED SAMPLE VOLUMES
 Biological applications
 Intracellular fluids
 Neonatal samples
 Forensic applications
 Waste reduction applications
 Radioactive samples
 Toxic samples
 Requires micro-flow nebulization
 Sensitivity and DL’s usually sacrificed

12. EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON SENSITIVITY
0.00
0.50
1.00
1.50
2.00
2.50
3.00
3.50
4.00
A
l394.401
C
d
214.440
C
d
226.502
C
o
238.892
C
r267.716
C
r205.560
C
u
327.393
C
u
324.752
Fe
238.204
N
i231.604
N
i221.648
P
b
220.353
S
e
196.026V
292.464
Zn
206.200
Zn
213.857
Zn
202.548
RelativeSensitivity
40C
60C
21C
PE Optima 2100DV
(20μL/min uptake)

13. EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON DL
PE Optima 2100DV
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Al396.153
Al394.401
Be
313.107
C
d
214.440
C
d
226.502
C
r267.716
C
r205.560
C
u
327.393
C
u
324.752
Fe
238.204
M
n
257.610
N
i231.604
N
i221.648
Pb
220.353
Se
196.026
V
292.464
Zn
206.200
Zn
213.857
Zn
202.548
Rel.DL
2ml/min 21C
.02ml/min 21C
.02ml/min 60C

14. FEATURES OF ISOMIST
 Programmable from -10 to 60oC in 1oC
increments
 Maintains temperature to within 0.1oC
 Compact design (7.5x4x4 inches)
 100% self-contained (no external lines)
 Incorporates Bluetooth® technology for
clean wireless control (USB available)
 Compatible with all ICP-OES and ICP-MS
models

15. CONSTANT TEMPERATURE BENEFITS
 Higher accuracy
 Higher productivity
 Greater reproducibility
 Better experiments
(1mL/min sample uptake)