Glass is an amorphous, hard, brittle material that is transparent or translucent. It has no definite melting point. Soda-lime glass is the most common type of glass, comprising around 90% of manufactured glass. It is made through a float glass process where molten glass is floated on a bed of molten tin, giving it a uniform thickness and flat surfaces. Soda-lime glass is comprised primarily of silica (SiO2), soda ash (Na2CO3) to lower the melting temperature, and limestone (CaCO3) as a stabilizer. Tinted glass is produced by adding metal oxides such as iron, cobalt, nickel, selenium or copper to soda-

1. Submitted by
GHAZAL SALEEM

2. GLASS
01
Glass is an amorphous, hard, brittle,
transparent/ translucent super
cooled liquid with infinite viscosity,
having no definite melting point.
Glass is a good insulator and has
good compressive strength since it
has no crystalline structure. It can
absorb, reflect and transmit light,
and is mostly unaffected by heat,
rain, dirt, etc.

3. Soda-Lime
Glass
02
Soda-Lime glass, also known as
soda-lime-silica float glass,
since this glass is made by
floating a molten glass sheet on
a bed of molten tin; this method
gives the sheet uniform
thickness and very flat surfaces.
Soda-lime is the base material
for most clear, colored, and
patterned glass types. Soda-
Lime glass can be used in a wide
range of applications. They
make upto 90% of manufactured
glass.

4. SAND: The sand commonly used to make glass is
comprised of small grains of quartz crystals, made up of
molecules of silicon dioxide, which is also known as
silica(silicon dioxide, SiO2). SiO2 :70%
SODAASH: By adding soda ash(sodium carbonate,
Na2CO3), the melting point of the sand is reduced so it can
be transformed into glass at lower temperatures and save
energy during manufacturing. Na2O :12%
LIMESTONE: Limestone (calcium carbonate, CaCO₃) is
also added to the mixture, which acts as a stabilizer. Adding
soda to the mixture reduces its chemical durability, making
it prone to dissolve when in contact with liquids. Which is
not a desirable trait. CaO :8%
CULLET: Recycled broken or waste glass used in glass-
making. It is used to reduce the cost.
In addition, magnesium oxide (MgO) and feldspar, which
gives aluminium oxide (Al2O3), contribute to the durability.

SODA-LIME
GLASS
Composition of
DOLOMITE(CaMg(CO3)2), which
provides the magnesium oxide
Na2O. CaO. 6SiO2

5. Manufacturing of
BATCH
PREPARATION
Collected raw
material is grinded
and mixed together to
get a uniform
mixture, called a
batch or a frit.
FABRICATION
The molten glass is
given suitable shape
or form in this stage,
by hands or by
machines.
MELTING
The batch is melted
in a pot furnace or in
a tank furnace until
evolution of gases
like CO2, O2, SO2
etc stops.
ANNEALING
The process of slow,
gradual and
homogenous cooling
of glass. Two methods
are: flue treatment and
oven treatment
Soda-Lime
Glass

7. Tinted
Glass
03
Tinted glass is produced by
small additions of metal oxides
to the float glass composition.
These small additions color the
glass but do not affect the basic
properties of the glass except for
changes in the solar energy
transmittance.
The color is homogeneous
throughout the thickness. The
color density is a function of
thickness. More the density,
lesser the light transmittance.
Standard colors are gray, green,
blue, bronze.

8. Less Light
Transmittance
As the transparency of glass is
reduced the transmittance of
light also decreases.
it prevents harmful UV rays and
excessive sunlight to enter the
space.
Energy
efficiency
Since tinted glass reduces
light transmittance, it can
absorb solar energy, ie., heat
absorption.
Thus, keeping the space cool
in summer and warm in
winter. the perfect solution for
reducing your energy bills
Increased
privacy
Tinted glass beautifies
both interior and exterior
of a space but it is also a
perfect solution for
obscuring your property,
specially in offices to keep
procedures and
conversations discreet
and confidential
TINTED GLASS
Special Properties of

9. Metal oxides
used to give
color in
Tinted
Glass
Fe
Co
Ni
S C
Cr
Nd
Cu
U CdS
Cu-Sn AuCl
Se
Er

10. Applications of Tinted glass

11. Applications of Tinted glass

12. THANKYOU