TINCE2016 - Steel Concrete Modules in Civil Work design of future Nuclear Power Plant buildings - Jacques Chataigner, D. Etienne, L. Simeoni, J.L. Tuscher
Design of reinforced concrete structures ongoing nuclear power plant projects frequently faces issues related to more stringent design codes requirements that make necessary to take into account at design stage severe accident design loads which, in turn, lead to very large steel reinforcement demand. Subsequently design of these RC structures become very complex and, at construction stage, constructability often raises problems linked to actual installation of large densities of rebars which becomes in itself a complex task, expensive and time consuming. As a consequence, a trend in nuclear civil work design is emerging which consists in substituting, when very dense steel reinforcement ratios are expected from plain steel reinforcement bars design, typical reinforced concrete structural elements by Steel Concrete (SC) structures.
We will successively develop in this paper the technical issues that can arises when using this design process, try and identify the advantages and possible drawbacks that could be linked when using such Steel Concrete modules in project where the overall design is based on Euronorms.
Finally will be quickly presented computational methodologies which may be used for their design and describe some examples of structures for which this construction approach has been retained.
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Steel portal frames are very efficient and economical when used for
single-storey buildings, provided that the design details are cost effective and
the design parameters and assumptions are well chosen. In countries where this
technology is highly developed, the steel portal frame is the dominant form of
structure for single-storey industrial and commercial buildings. It has become
the most common structural form in pitched roof buildings, because of its
economy and versatility for a wide range of spans.
Seismic design of multistoreyed rc building using various codeseSAT Journals
the Reinforced Concrete(RC) structure. The necessity of designing the
structure as per codal provision is must for all kind of structure. In this
for study. The Linear static analysis was done using American, European and Indian Codes. The building is modeled and
analysed using ETABS software. All the required parameters for analysis was taken a
storey deflection, storey drift and base shear were compared. The displacement, storey shear and storey displacement obtained
from ACI code design is more when compared with other code’s analysis result.
CADmantra Technologies Pvt. Ltd. is one of the best Cad training company in northern zone in India . which are provided many types of courses in cad field i.e AUTOCAD,SOLIDWORK,CATIA,CRE-O,Uniraphics-NX, CNC, REVIT, STAAD.Pro. And many courses
Contact: www.cadmantra.com
www.cadmantra.blogspot.com
www.cadmantra.wix.com
Steel portal frames are very efficient and economical when used for
single-storey buildings, provided that the design details are cost effective and
the design parameters and assumptions are well chosen. In countries where this
technology is highly developed, the steel portal frame is the dominant form of
structure for single-storey industrial and commercial buildings. It has become
the most common structural form in pitched roof buildings, because of its
economy and versatility for a wide range of spans.
Seismic design of multistoreyed rc building using various codeseSAT Journals
the Reinforced Concrete(RC) structure. The necessity of designing the
structure as per codal provision is must for all kind of structure. In this
for study. The Linear static analysis was done using American, European and Indian Codes. The building is modeled and
analysed using ETABS software. All the required parameters for analysis was taken a
storey deflection, storey drift and base shear were compared. The displacement, storey shear and storey displacement obtained
from ACI code design is more when compared with other code’s analysis result.
CADmantra Technologies Pvt. Ltd. is one of the best Cad training company in northern zone in India . which are provided many types of courses in cad field i.e AUTOCAD,SOLIDWORK,CATIA,CRE-O,Uniraphics-NX, CNC, REVIT, STAAD.Pro. And many courses
Contact: www.cadmantra.com
www.cadmantra.blogspot.com
www.cadmantra.wix.com
Design and comparison of a residential building (g+10) for seismic forces usi...eSAT Journals
Abstract Earthquakes take a huge toll on life and property. Since the effect of seismic forces on structures is quite significant, it is important that the design of the structures must be done in the best possible way to take into account these effects and thereby aiming for an adequate structural response. Different international seismic codes differ significantly in parameters specified. With the variations in parameters the performance of the building varies. Hence, it is necessary to do a comparative study so as to conclude which building will perform better. This paper presents with the analysis and design of a G+10 for seismic forces using four international building standards- IS1893, Euro code 8, ASCE7-10 and the British Codes. The analysis of the building was done using STAAD.Pro.V8i. The building was then designed as per the specified codes. Once the design was completed a pushover analysis was done in SAP2000 to check the seismic performance of the building. A comparative study between the design and the seismic performance of the building was done. Keywords: Seismic forces, Seismic Standard, Seismic performance, Comparative Analysis.
CADmantra Technologies Pvt. Ltd. is one of the best Cad training company in northern zone in India . which are provided many types of courses in cad field i.e AUTOCAD,SOLIDWORK,CATIA,CRE-O,Uniraphics-NX, CNC, REVIT, STAAD.Pro. And many courses
Contact: www.cadmantra.com
www.cadmantra.blogspot.com
www.cadmantra.wix.com
CADmantra Technologies Pvt. Ltd. is one of the best Cad training company in northern zone in India . which are provided many types of courses in cad field i.e AUTOCAD,SOLIDWORK,CATIA,CRE-O,Uniraphics-NX, CNC, REVIT, STAAD.Pro. And many courses
Contact: www.cadmantra.com
www.cadmantra.blogspot.com
www.cadmantra.wix.com
Design and comparison of a residential building (g+10) for seismic forces usi...eSAT Journals
Abstract Earthquakes take a huge toll on life and property. Since the effect of seismic forces on structures is quite significant, it is important that the design of the structures must be done in the best possible way to take into account these effects and thereby aiming for an adequate structural response. Different international seismic codes differ significantly in parameters specified. With the variations in parameters the performance of the building varies. Hence, it is necessary to do a comparative study so as to conclude which building will perform better. This paper presents with the analysis and design of a G+10 for seismic forces using four international building standards- IS1893, Euro code 8, ASCE7-10 and the British Codes. The analysis of the building was done using STAAD.Pro.V8i. The building was then designed as per the specified codes. Once the design was completed a pushover analysis was done in SAP2000 to check the seismic performance of the building. A comparative study between the design and the seismic performance of the building was done. Keywords: Seismic forces, Seismic Standard, Seismic performance, Comparative Analysis.
CADmantra Technologies Pvt. Ltd. is one of the best Cad training company in northern zone in India . which are provided many types of courses in cad field i.e AUTOCAD,SOLIDWORK,CATIA,CRE-O,Uniraphics-NX, CNC, REVIT, STAAD.Pro. And many courses
Contact: www.cadmantra.com
www.cadmantra.blogspot.com
www.cadmantra.wix.com
The creative process for programmatic: A guide for marketersIAB Europe
Brands can find more success with programmatic if they build their creative strategy using the data from their programmatic campaigns. This guide helps marketers and agencies understand how to connect the dots between data and creative, and equips them with a 5-phase framework to make this a reality in their next campaign.
The creative process for programmatic: A guide for marketers
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A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF BS8110 AND EUROCODE 2 STANDARDS FOR DESIGN OF A CONTIN...IAEME Publication
In this paper, a comparative study of BS 8110-97 and Eurocode2 for the design of reinforced concrete beam with a particular interest on the area of tension and shear reinforcements required, with the aim of determining which of the two codes provides the most economic design is carried out using Microsoft excel spreadsheet. A six-span continuous beam from the roof of a three storey shopping complex was selected and designed with the aid of a programmed excel spread sheet, taking into account only dead and live loads and assuming all spans to be loaded equally for both dead and live load combination. The self-weight of the beam was taken as the dead load while the live load was assumed to be a unity.
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering,
Information Engineering and Technology,
Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,
Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
Material and Chemical Engineering,
Civil and Architecture Engineering,
Biotechnology and Bio Engineering,
Environmental Engineering,
Petroleum and Mining Engineering,
Marine and Agriculture engineering,
Aerospace Engineering.
Concrete filled steel tubes subjected to axial compressioneSAT Journals
Abstract Concrete-filled steel tubular columns have excellent earth-quake resistant properties such as high strength and ductility and large energy absorption capacity. For concrete-filled steel tubes (CFST), local buckling commonly observed in bare steel columns is effectively prevented, giving a higher capacity. However if the concrete core and the steel tube are loaded simultaneously the steel tube expands more than the concrete core under moderate loads since Poisson’s ratio is higher for the steel section. The objective of this paper is To evaluate the accuracy of codal design approach by comparing experimental results with the analytical results obtained using EC4, ACI-318 and AISC-LRFD, for prediction of load carrying capacity of CFST columns under axial compression. Based on this the experimental programme is conducted on concrete filled steel tubes of length 300mm, thickness 1 to 3mm for circular, square and rectangular cross section with three different grades of concrete.200 T capacity Compression testing machine is used for experimental investigation.. The experimental results are compared with analytical results obtained by stated code of practices. From this it is concluded that EC4 gives conservative results. From which it is observed that EC4 gives conservative results with experimental results and it is concluded that EC4 provisions may be used for further analytical study to develop an expression to predict the section capacity CFST columns. As the grade of concrete increases the load carrying capacity is also increases. This paper presents the details of study carried out and the conclusions arrived. Keywords: CFST, high strength, local buckling, analytical, ACI-318, EC4, AISC-LRFD.
Design Optimization of Reinforced Concrete Slabs Using Various Optimization T...ijtsrd
This paper presents Reinforced Concrete RC slab design optimization technique for finding the best design parameters that satisfy the project requirements both in terms of strength and serviceability criteria while keeping the overall construction cost to a minimum. In this paper four different types of RC slab design named as simply supported slab, one end continuous slab, both end continuous slab and cantilever slab are optimized using three different metaheuristic optimization algorithms named as Genetic Algorithms GA , Particle Swarm Optimization PSO and Gray Wolf Optimization GWO . The slabs with various end conditions are formulated according to the ACI code. The formulated problem contains three optimization variables, the thickness of the slab, steel bar diameter, and bar spacing while objective involves the minimization of overall cost of the structure which includes the cost of concrete, cost of reinforcement and the constraints involves the design requirement and ACI codes limit. The proposed method is developed using MATLAB. Finally, to validate the performance of the proposed algorithm the results are compared with the previously proposed algorithms. The comparison of results shows that the proposed method provides a significant improvement over the previously proposed algorithms. Dinesh Kumar Suryavanshi | Dr. Saleem Akhtar "Design Optimization of Reinforced Concrete Slabs Using Various Optimization Techniques" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd25231.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/25231/design-optimization-of-reinforced-concrete-slabs-using-various-optimization-techniques/dinesh-kumar-suryavanshi
TINCE2016 - Post-Fukushima seismic re-assessment of French Reactor Building ...Gildas POTIN
In response to the consequent events at Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant following the 11th March 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake, the French electric utility company EDF launched a seismic re-assessment program implementation in accordance with the French Nuclear Safety Authorities. This program, called SND (S é isme Noyau Dur), aims mainly at reaching safety objectives concerning the resilience of the SSC (Structures, Systems & Components).
End of 2015 matched with the end of the first whole re-assessment of a still operating Reactor Building (RB) in France, for which innovative thinking have been necessary to optimize current methodologies and assess in detail the civil work robustness and the induced vibrations under high level of earthquake, corresponding to site SND.
Through the presentation of the keys hypotheses and methodologies used to carry out this significant study, a review based on the Tractebel and EDF knowledge of the French Reactor Buildings will propose some leads to adapt the future SND program to other Reactor Buildings.
Comparison of Pre-Engineered Building and Conventional Steel Truss BuildingRoshni Ramakrishnan
Pre- Engineered buildings are those which are engineered/manufactured at factories and assembled at site.Built-up,hot rolled and cold formed sections are used in such buildings and the sections that are used in such buildings differ along length as the section size is dependent on the bending moment profile.Past research has shown that for large spans,a reduction of 20%-30% in steel quantity and also 30%-50% saving in time of project occur due to faster delivery and quicker site erection.
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Dimensionnement simplifié d'amortisseurs visqueux non linéaires pour ponts en...Gildas POTIN
ABSTRACT
At the moment, the design of non-linear viscous dampers used to reduce forces and displacements of bridges in seismic areas can only be done through non-linear time history analyses. We suggest here a very simple design tool based on elastic response spectra, given by the code, and a linearisation of the dashpot behaviour. This technique, developed for single degree-of-freedom oscillators is then extended to more complex bridge structures whose behaviour involves more than one mode and to other dynamic actions such as turbulent wind loads.
Keywords : non-linear dampers, linearisation techniques, bridge design, earthquake engineering.
TINCE2016 - Estimate of cracking and leaking rate of VERCORS mock-up - R. Vé...Gildas POTIN
The VERCORS project (French acronym for “Realistic verification of the behaviour of reactor containments”) consists in designing and building a 1/3 scaled mock-up of the inner containment of a French nuclear reactor of type “P’4”. The mock-up is a prestressed-concrete building dedicated to research purposes. Its overall dimensions are: height 25 m, diameter 15m, thickness of cylinder wall 0.40 m.
A first benchmark was organized by EDF with three themes proposed:
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2. Containment history: prediction of deformations, stresses and cracking history of the whole containment during prestressing and first pressure test;
3. Leakage: estimate of air leakage during pressure test at the pressure peak of 5,2 bars absolute
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TINCE2016 - Steel reinforcement calculations in RC members with account of te...Gildas POTIN
In the context of nuclear structures design, determination of reinforcement ratios in reinforced concrete members submitted to mechanical loads together with high through the wall thermal gradients, either stationary or transient, is a recurring issue. Solution of this problem needs to take into account, with sufficiently realistic methodology, the effect on thermo elastic forces and moments of the reduction of RC section inertia due to concrete cracking. Though this issue has been analyzed since long, typical methods proposed at steel reinforcement design stage, to account for section cracking, were mainly limited to the use of reduction factors applied to thermo elastic forces and moments, which was not ascertained to lead to optimized nor conservative results.
Improved calculation methodologies, which simultaneously account for concrete section cracking together with tension stiffening effect associated with uncracked zones of the concrete members have been tested by TRACTEBEL’s engineers prior to be implemented in specific software dedicated to automatic steel reinforcement calculations.
TINCE2016 - Impact load curve for commercial aircrafts: a normalized model – ...Gildas POTIN
Safety requirements of nuclear new built projects have been considered airplane crash (APC) hazards for many years, but mostly regarding general and military aviation. Since 09/11 events, the need to assess the risk of commercial APC has been highlighted. Consequently, national and international organizations began to develop guidelines to support regulators, designers and owners of the plants with respect to the commercial APC analysis. Furthermore, some regulators position is changing, because new requirements make this load case no longer limited to malicious acts, but also for accidental situations (e.g Turkey).
Many papers presented some load time functions, using simplified methods to complex dynamic finite element calculations. Various types of aircraft were studied at different speeds. The very first work in 1968, for the B707-320 and B720 aircrafts, resulted in the recognized Riera method. Then, some other load curves were issued such as A320, B767 and B747. All these methods have common disadvantage that they need to collect detailed data about one given aircraft for each project, such as the mass distribution, the crush force, or complete finite element models. On the contrary, the Turkish regulator defines APC load case by only two single parameters (total mass and speed), although no simple formula exists in design codes.
After inventory of a large range of commercial aircraft characteristics and public load curves, this paper defines a universal normalized formula for the APC load as function of the mass and the speed. Besides, a reduction factor for spent kerosene before crash is proposed.
TINCE2016 - Response Spectrum Design using Peak Response method and Applicati...Gildas POTIN
Civil engineering tends to propose solutions increasingly safe and at the same time designed to optimize materials. In the field of seismic design, Peak Response method offers a new approach for seismic linear design using response spectra. Traditional methods such as CQC+Newmark or CQC+SRSS lead sometimes to conservative solutions because of lack of information related to concomitance of sign of responses. Therefore structural solutions using these methods can be overdesigned. Peak Response method yields an interaction ellipsoidal envelop which defines the concomitance domain of a linear combination of two, or more, Normal random variables.
This paper aims at presenting the results obtained by applying the Peak Response method to the Finite Element Model for seismic analyses of EPR’s HNX (Nuclear Auxiliary Building). Then steel reinforcement quantities will be compared to those obtained by traditional method (CQC+SRSS) to highlight the differences between both methods.
Tunnel et espace souterrain n257 2016_09-10_p 35-40_evaluation expérimentale ...Gildas POTIN
La détermination des paramètres d’entrée pour l’évaluation de la tenue au feu des structures existantes, en particulier l’écaillage du béton, est une étape décisive dans le cas d’une recherche fine de durées de résistance d’ouvrages en béton (armé ou précontraint) sous un feu de type HCM. Les essais sur «carottes ré-incrustées », décrits dans le guide du comportement au feu des tunnels routier du CETU parmi d’autres type d’essais, et jusqu’ici largement utilisés pour les études de mise en sécurité, ont montré leurs limites, en particulier la forte influence des bétons des dalles supports testées en laboratoire, par rapport aux bétons provenant de l’ouvrage existant. Etant donné la sensibilité des paramètres d’écaillage dans ces études, dans le cadre de la mise en sécurité du Tunnel de Courcelles (Paris 17e), TRACTEBEL Engie, en charge des études de mise en conformité, a orienté la Mairie de Paris vers le choix d’un essai « in-situ », réalisé en février 2016 par le CSTB, et qui constitue le tout premier essai de ce type pour un tunnel en exploitation. Cet article présente la démarche générale des études et la prise en compte de ces valeurs expérimentales.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
COLLEGE BUS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM PROJECT REPORT.pdfKamal Acharya
The College Bus Management system is completely developed by Visual Basic .NET Version. The application is connect with most secured database language MS SQL Server. The application is develop by using best combination of front-end and back-end languages. The application is totally design like flat user interface. This flat user interface is more attractive user interface in 2017. The application is gives more important to the system functionality. The application is to manage the student’s details, driver’s details, bus details, bus route details, bus fees details and more. The application has only one unit for admin. The admin can manage the entire application. The admin can login into the application by using username and password of the admin. The application is develop for big and small colleges. It is more user friendly for non-computer person. Even they can easily learn how to manage the application within hours. The application is more secure by the admin. The system will give an effective output for the VB.Net and SQL Server given as input to the system. The compiled java program given as input to the system, after scanning the program will generate different reports. The application generates the report for users. The admin can view and download the report of the data. The application deliver the excel format reports. Because, excel formatted reports is very easy to understand the income and expense of the college bus. This application is mainly develop for windows operating system users. In 2017, 73% of people enterprises are using windows operating system. So the application will easily install for all the windows operating system users. The application-developed size is very low. The application consumes very low space in disk. Therefore, the user can allocate very minimum local disk space for this application.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Courier management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
It is now-a-days very important for the people to send or receive articles like imported furniture, electronic items, gifts, business goods and the like. People depend vastly on different transport systems which mostly use the manual way of receiving and delivering the articles. There is no way to track the articles till they are received and there is no way to let the customer know what happened in transit, once he booked some articles. In such a situation, we need a system which completely computerizes the cargo activities including time to time tracking of the articles sent. This need is fulfilled by Courier Management System software which is online software for the cargo management people that enables them to receive the goods from a source and send them to a required destination and track their status from time to time.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Automobile Management System Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
The proposed project is developed to manage the automobile in the automobile dealer company. The main module in this project is login, automobile management, customer management, sales, complaints and reports. The first module is the login. The automobile showroom owner should login to the project for usage. The username and password are verified and if it is correct, next form opens. If the username and password are not correct, it shows the error message.
When a customer search for a automobile, if the automobile is available, they will be taken to a page that shows the details of the automobile including automobile name, automobile ID, quantity, price etc. “Automobile Management System” is useful for maintaining automobiles, customers effectively and hence helps for establishing good relation between customer and automobile organization. It contains various customized modules for effectively maintaining automobiles and stock information accurately and safely.
When the automobile is sold to the customer, stock will be reduced automatically. When a new purchase is made, stock will be increased automatically. While selecting automobiles for sale, the proposed software will automatically check for total number of available stock of that particular item, if the total stock of that particular item is less than 5, software will notify the user to purchase the particular item.
Also when the user tries to sale items which are not in stock, the system will prompt the user that the stock is not enough. Customers of this system can search for a automobile; can purchase a automobile easily by selecting fast. On the other hand the stock of automobiles can be maintained perfectly by the automobile shop manager overcoming the drawbacks of existing system.
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
Quality defects in TMT Bars, Possible causes and Potential Solutions.PrashantGoswami42
Maintaining high-quality standards in the production of TMT bars is crucial for ensuring structural integrity in construction. Addressing common defects through careful monitoring, standardized processes, and advanced technology can significantly improve the quality of TMT bars. Continuous training and adherence to quality control measures will also play a pivotal role in minimizing these defects.
TINCE2016 - Steel Concrete Modules in Civil Work design of future Nuclear Power Plant buildings - Jacques Chataigner, D. Etienne, L. Simeoni, J.L. Tuscher
1. 3
rd
Conference on Technological Innovations in Nuclear Civil Engineering
Full paper submission, TINCE-2016
Paris (France), September 5th
– 9th
, 2016
Steel Concrete Modules in Civil Work design of future Nuclear Power Plant buildings
Jacques Chataigner1
, Denis Etienne2
, Laure Simeoni3
, Jean-Luc Tuscher4
1
Civil Engineering Expert, Tractebel, Lyon, France
2
Expert in Civil Engineering, Bouygues Travaux Publics, Guyancourt, France
3
Project Engineer, Tractebel Engineering, Lyon, France
4
Civil Engineering Expert, EGIS Industries, Montreuil, France
Introduction
Design of reinforced concrete structures ongoing nuclear power plant projects frequently
faces issues related to more stringent design codes requirements that make necessary to take
into account at design stage severe accident design loads which, in turn, lead to very large steel
reinforcement demand. Subsequently design of these RC structures become very complex and,
at construction stage, constructability often raises problems linked to actual installation of large
densities of rebars which becomes in itself a complex task, expensive and time consuming. As a
consequence, a trend in nuclear civil work design is emerging which consists in substituting,
when very dense steel reinforcement ratios are expected from plain steel reinforcement bars
design, typical reinforced concrete structural elements by Steel Concrete (SC) structures. We will
successively develop in this paper the technical issues that can arises when using this design
process, try and identify the advantages and possible drawbacks that could be linked when using
such Steel Concrete modules in project where the overall design is based on Euronorms. Finally
will be quickly presented computational methodologies which may be used for their design and
describe some examples of structures for which this construction approach has been retained
2. 3rd
Conference on Technological Innovations in Nuclear Civil Engineering
TINCE 2016, Paris 5th
to 9th
September
Figure 1 - Steel concrete module (also named double skin member below) principles and
terminology
Available Design Standards for SC Modules
SC modules for NPP structures design have, since several years, been proposed for structural
elements of NPP structures, which led to the development of specific design norms such as
[AISC] developed in USA, [JEAC] developed in Japan, [KEPIC] developed in South Korea.
However implementation of this construction technique in projects to be built in Eurocodes (EC)
environment may raise some difficulties as existing design norms quoted above have been
mostly developed on non EC basis. Such issues have been met in ongoing projects of future
reactors such as ASTRID, Gen IV Sodium Cooled fast Reactor under development in France, for
which the use of steel concrete modules is envisaged for some specific structures of the Nuclear
Island. In that case, lack of fully EC adapted design standards for SC modules necessitated the
preparation of a specific design and construction code in which appendixes dedicated to SC
modules had to be implemented.
The Eurocode 4 “Design of composite steel and concrete structures” applies to the design of
composite structures and members for buildings and civil engineering works. But this code deals
mainly with composite floor slabs, composite beams and composite columns; it does not deal
with composite walls consisting of two steel faceplates with structural concrete placed between
them. The lateral force resisting system in nuclear buildings consists generally in shear walls and
floors slabs.
A research project SCIENCE (Steel Concrete for Industrial, Energy and Nuclear Efficiency)
funded by the European Commission is now underway; It is managed and coordinated by the
Steel Construction Institute (UK); six other European companies participate in the project. It
ties
studs
Steel plates
Penetration (if any)
Concrete infill without reinforcement
3. 3rd
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TINCE 2016, Paris 5th
to 9th
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started in July 2013 and will be completed in the first half-year of 2017. It includes tests on large
specimens and advanced numerical calculations of members and connections at ambient
temperature, at elevated temperatures (temperature of 180°C corresponding to the Loss of
Coolant Accident in pressurized water reactors) and under fire conditions. This aim of this
research project is to fill the gaps in the Eurocodes and to provide design rules for the SC
structures.
Typical SC structures studied in the frame of SCIENCE are mainly double skin member for walls
or slabs and single skin slabs for floors, as shown below:
Figure 2 -Typical connection of a double skin composite wall
4. 3rd
Conference on Technological Innovations in Nuclear Civil Engineering
TINCE 2016, Paris 5th
to 9th
September
Figure 3 Typical section of a single skin composite floor slab
The tests are undertaken on large specimens (the thickness of the specimens is like to those of
the elements of nuclear buildings and is generally more than 0.40 m) in several laboratories: VTT
in Finland, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology in Germany and Efectis in France.
From the tests results, are derived effective properties of SC elements which are used in Finite
Elements Modeling of SC structures and design equations for calculating the resistance of SC
elements. As the tests do not cover all the possible configurations of SC members, non-linear
finite elements analyses are undertaken in order to extend the experimental database.
A special attention is put on the behavior of the SC elements at elevated temperature. EDF
SEPTEN is the task leader for developing design methods and equations for SC elements at
elevated temperature and has entrusted Egis Industries with the corresponding parametric
studies. Non-linear finite element analyses are carried out on code ASTER; the characteristics of
the parameters are tuned with the test results and then extended to other configurations.
SC modules design standards vs Eurocodes
Though the complete design approach for Civil Work structures where SC modules are used
shall be based on finite element models and FE calculations (linear or nonlinear as well), simpli-
fied design methods for SC modules have already been developed (see [VAR2011] ) and may be
used at basic design stage; it must be nevertheless noticed that :
• most of these simplified methods will finally compare stresses or strength in constitutive
materials of SC modules to ultimate capacities of same materials as defined in US design
codes and requirements ; this point to highlight the fact that introducing such construction
methodology in Euronorm based projects requires at least some adaptations,
and
• have been developed mainly for structures of limited extension and exhibiting plane sur-
faces or straight contours (shear walls for examples) ,when it could interesting to use this
SC modules concepts for other substructures exhibiting significantly different features as
cylindrical ones or submitted to specific loadings (large thermal loads for example)
Therefore main adaptations that appeared necessary to implement the construction SC methods
in our ongoing projects were:
Preparation of specific design codes
5. 3rd
Conference on Technological Innovations in Nuclear Civil Engineering
TINCE 2016, Paris 5th
to 9th
September
Without waiting on the results of the research program SCIENCE, a specific chapter for double
skin composite elements has been included in the [RCC-GA] which provides rules for the design
and construction of the structures of ASTRID project, it is mainly based on the [AISC]. In this
chapter of the RCC-GA are provided specifications for the materials, general rules for the
thickness of the faceplates, the diameter of the connectors, the spacing of the connectors for
preventing the buckling of the faceplates, the spacing of the tie bars, the mechanical
characteristics of the SC elements to be considered in Finite Element modeling and rules for the
verification of the resistance of the sections. This document will be completed and improved from
the results of SCIENCE program and other publications. Examples of improvements or
adaptations to be brought to [RCC-GA] are listed below.
Initial requirements adaptations
• Adaptation of the requirements as regards material characteristics (concrete, steel
grades) as design methodologies proposed in existing codes such as [AISC] are generally
based on « closed form » equations that need to receive correct translation. Numerous
examples may be found in [AISC], [VAR2011] where such adaptations were required; we
will quote :
→ Spacing of the studs, defined in [AISC], § ,A-N9.1 as maximum dimensions
of an elementary cell of the steel sheet to avoid buckling in compression; proposed criteria
need to adapted in case the SC modules have a cylindrical shape (effect of curvature) or
are bi axially loaded, with one tensile stress component ,
Load combinations review
• Review of the definition of load combinations, as strength checks proposed in [AISC]
make use of load combination factored in accordance with US design norms, which may
differ from those proposed in Eurocodes and National Appendixes.
Design criteria revision
Revision (or check) of some design criteria to better fit with use of SC modules in
structures not specifically encompassed by existing standards. As a matter of fact, most of
design limit values of SC modules will refer to concrete or steel limit strength values as
given in US codes, which in some case could have different definition in Euronorms, this
requiring modifications; to be quoted as examples :
→ checking “through the wall” shear capacity of SC modules, makes use of
[AISC] ,formula (A-N9-17M) that proposes « closed form » equation:
V < Vconc = 0.125 (f’c )0.50 tc
6. 3rd
Conference on Technological Innovations in Nuclear Civil Engineering
TINCE 2016, Paris 5th
to 9th
September
a formula where it should be reminded that f’c corresponds to compressive strength of
concrete as per ACI norms, which slightly differs from same fck as given in EC2
→ same comment will apply to allowable maximum concrete compressive
stresses in SC modules when submitted to combined membrane forces {Nxx, ,Nyy , Nxy,}
and out of plane moments {Mxx, ,Myy , Mxy,} , or
σc =< 0,70 f‘c
according to [VAR2011], as reference is still made to f’c (ACI).
Computational methodologies
Basic and simplified methods
Design of structural members considered as SC elements may follow at conceptual or basic
design stages, basic and rather simplified methodologies, similar to those proposed in [AISC] and
[RCC-GA], or described more in detail in relevant available technical papers.
For instance, to carry out preliminary design of the Reactor Pit of an ongoing project, a specific
computational methodology has been developed, based on the principles presented in
[VAR2011], but already adapted to requirements from [RCC-GA].
The principles, briefly summarized, of the adopted method necessitated:
→ to determine in each elementary elements for the overall reactor pit structure the principle
stresses (or forces ) in each inner or outer steel sheet (or inner and outer notional halves
of the concrete core )
→ to compare then the resulting stresses or forces to design allowables as given in relevant
norms.
Additional specific calculations were also automatically carried out as stud spacing and ties cross
sectional areas. Method proved to be applicable and led to validate the proposed design (see
Figure 4).
Fig 4 – ASTRID SC Reactor pit – Developed view of “envelope (1)
” principle stresses (MPa) in outer steel
plate
(1) For all design load cases
7. 3rd
Conference on Technological Innovations in Nuclear Civil Engineering
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to 9th
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More refined computational methods
Design principles validated through basic and simplified methods described here above shall
afterwards be validated at Detailed Design stage using FE models in which proper modeling of
the behavior of each constitutive material of the SC modules shall be implemented. Available
softwares such as Code ASTER, ANSYS or LS Dyna make possible the performance of refined
calculations, which for some load cases may need non-linear finite element analyses.
• Ongoing validation test programs
The objective of the research program SCIENCE is to issue a design guide, written in a
Eurocode format, for the SC structures. It will provide guidance for the design at the execution
stage and for the design of the final composite structure, including also rules for designing the
shear connectors, the connections and the structures at elevated temperature.
Application of SC modules technique –––– Examples
Examples will be provided below from projects of future reactors such as ASTRID, Gen IV
Sodium Cooled fast Reactor under development in France, for which designers proposed, in the
feasibility phase, to make the use of steel concrete modules in specific zones of buildings
belonging to the Nuclear Island. As previously reminded, introduction of SC modules technology
seemed beneficial for this project design and constructability in zones were standard RC design
would lead to extremely dense reinforcement ratios or needed anyway to use thick steel
shuttering for erection of the structure that would be afterwards misemployed.
Substructures that are concerned are:
Reactor pit in Reactor Building Inner Structures
The large and heavy ASTRID reactor vessel is supported through an annular metallic structure by
a cylindrical concrete structure, with a mean radius R = 10,40 m, thickness 1,50 m and height
approximately 16,50 m; it carries the reactor weight down to the common concrete raft of the
Nuclear Island. Governing load case for the longitudinal reinforcement of this independent
substructure consists of an accident situation which develops, in the reactor pit, a large overall
upwards tensile force. Issues in relation with huge steel reinforcement demand together with
design of complex metallic embedded parts to transfer this overall force from vessel to steel
reinforcement led to explore a more rational steel construction solution that was finally analyzed
8. 3rd
Conference on Technological Innovations in Nuclear Civil Engineering
TINCE 2016, Paris 5th
to 9th
September
at Conceptual Design stage. Eventually, using computational method as presented in paragraph
before, Reactor pit steel concrete structure has been checked for other load cases such as
normal operating conditions with stationary through the wall thermal gradients or seismic overall
actions. Design based on SC module methodology proved to be feasible. Eventually the analysis
led to a design consisting of a large and unique steel concrete structure, anchored in the concrete
raft, and that the Civil work Contractor would fill with concrete in a single concreting phase,
except for its upper part, were connection to the metallic annulus supporting the reactor vessel
has to be carried out in a second phase of work. It is also expected that this solution will
significantly ease the erection of this specific structure as installation of huge reinforcement in a
rather congested zone would otherwise be a complex and time consuming task.
Figure 5 - 3D cross sectional view of reactor pit.
Upper cylindrical vault of Reactor Building.
The upper structure of the rectangular ASTRID Reactor Building is closed by a cylindrical vault
with horizontal axis that plays both roles of containment structure and APC shell; dimensions of
this vault, length 53,0 m approx., span 43,0 m and thickness 1,80 m led to propose, in order to
enable its construction without any use of propping inside the building, a design of this vault
based on:
• thick steel sheet (skin) on its inner face that will be used as formwork,
• steel frames as supports of the steel sheet (and also of layer of fresh concrete in
concreting phases)
Reactor pit SC module
Surrounding concrete internal structures
Nuclear Island common raft
9. 3rd
Conference on Technological Innovations in Nuclear Civil Engineering
TINCE 2016, Paris 5th
to 9th
September
• upper 1,80m thick reinforced concrete layer
Resulting design corresponds to a SC structure which in this specific case has a single metallic
skin on its inner surface.
Design of the structure, against loads it has to withstand, normal and accident loads or external
hazards such as airplane crash, has been carried out with composite methodology, i.e. partly as
a SC structure in agreement with [RCC-GA] specific appendix for SC component and partly as a
typical RC structure to determine its upper reinforcement and through the wall reinforcement
required to resist punching effects from external hazards. Resulting design is illustrated in figure 6
below. It shows that inner metallic sheet of the vault, provided it is given a sufficient thickness, is
finally able to sustain the load from full thickness of fresh poured concrete at construction stage
and to be used as inner reinforcement for impact loads, thus leading to a feasible and economical
design solution of this substructure.
Figure 6 –Reactor Building vault tor Building sooverall view and detail
Substructures as steam generators bunkers in Steam Buildings.
• At the conceptual design phase, each one of the four steam generators is enclosed in a
cylinder of internal diameter of nine meters and of thickness 1 meter, in order to resist
severe hypothetical accidents leading to very high internal pressure and high temperature.
A Steel Concrete structure was envisaged consisting of face plates of thickness 20 mm in
steel grade S355, a concrete core of class C40/50, NELSON studs of diameter 25 mm in
steel grade S235 J2G3+C450, tie bars of diameter 40mm in steel grade of characteristic
resistance of 500 MPa. The design was confirmed by transient dynamic analyses carried-
out on a 3D finite element modeling with the computer code ANSYS using volume
elements.
10. 3rd
Conference on Technological Innovations in Nuclear Civil Engineering
TINCE 2016, Paris 5th
to 9th
September
Other possible uses of SC modules in NPP civil work
A tentative list of specific structural elements of NPP buildings for which use of SC modules
construction methodology could be envisaged in future projects maybe as follows:
→ some reinforced concrete slabs, as for instance the annulus shaped slabs around the
reactor pit, which would necessitate large radial/ortho-radial reinforcement if designed as
reinforced concrete members could be replaced by single skin SC slabs,
→ slabs which would require high propping, or slabs and walls (then with double skin design)
in which a high density of steel anchor plates are embedded to fasten small items of
equipment,
→ All zones of the structures where large tensile forces must be transferred from special
metallic anchors to steel reinforcement of the supporting reinforced concrete element as
this load transfer requires then complex steel reinforcement the design of which does not
lie in most cases in the strict sense in the frame of current design standards.
Finally it shall be noticed that a significant advantage of SC members lies in the fact that small
items of equipment (cable trays, piping, air duct…) can be attached anywhere on the steel
faceplates, without any need for additional embedded plates, that are on the contrary required
in reinforced concrete structures of the nuclear buildings.
Conclusions
Design of specific large structural elements of European nuclear facilities ongoing projects, based
on the use of SC modular structures, have been proposed. Given that the Civil Work design of
these structures had to be achieved on a Eurocodes basis, it appeared that necessary
adjustments or additional requirements had to be brought in existing design codes dedicated to
SC structures as they could be not fully in agreement with Euronorms. Therefore, a European
Research project SCIENCE has been launched, the aim of which was to fill existing lacks and
provide a complete set of Euronorms compliant design rules for SC structures.
Nevertheless introduction of SC modular structures was proposed in the design of some
particular substructures of future reactors such as ASTRID project ; studies that were carried out
at conceptual stage demonstrated that this construction method should be on one side beneficial
for the Civil Work Design, making it more rational, and on the other side, should enable, without
any impact on the strength margins, to significantly simplify the construction of these complex
structural elements and reduce the construction schedule.
References
11. 3rd
Conference on Technological Innovations in Nuclear Civil Engineering
TINCE 2016, Paris 5th
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September
[AISC] - AISC N690-12/ANSI/AISC N690s1-15 - Specification for Safety-Related Steel
Structures for Nuclear Facilities - Appendix N9 -Steel-Plate Composite (SC) Walls
[EC4] EN 1994-1:2004 Eurocode 4 - Design of composite steel and concrete
structures - Part 1-1 General rules and rules for buildings
[JEAC] - JEAC - 4618-2009 -Technical Guidelines for Aseismic Design of Steel Plate
Reinforced Concrete Structures
[KEPIC] - KEPIC - SNG - Steel- Plate Concrete Structures - 2010 Edition (Rev. 1)
[RCC-GA] Rules for Design and Construction of Civil Works of ASTRID
[VAR2011] - Steel-plate Composite (SC) walls for safety related nuclear facilities: Design for
in plane and out-of-plane demands – A.H. VARMA, S. R. MALUSHTE , K. SENER, Z. LAI -
SMiRT 21 - 2011,
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September
Please fill in the blanks at the end of this extended abstract (the additional blue lines and
potential page it may generate are not accounted in the number of pages)
Preference: Poster Oral
Topic: 1 - Advanced Materials 2 - Design and Hazard Assessment
3 - Civil Works Construction 4 - Long Term Operation & Maintenance
5 - Dismantling of civil works & Civil Works in Hostile Environment
6 – Geotechnical Design & Construction & Fluid Structure Interaction
Corresponding author: jacques.chataigner@gdfsuez.com