The document provides a history of Europe from 1945 to 1968. It describes key events including Victory Day on May 9th 1945 marking the end of World War 2, the announcement of the Truman Doctrine in 1947 to stop Soviet imperialism, the founding of NATO in 1949 as a system of collective defense, the establishment of the Warsaw Pact in 1955 putting the Soviet Union in command of member states' armed forces, the launch of Sputnik 1 in 1957 starting the space age and US-Soviet space race, the building of the Berlin Wall in 1961 dividing the city, the Beatles releasing their first single "Love Me Do" in 1962, and the Prague Spring reforms in Czechoslovakia from 1968 until being halted by the Soviet invasion

1. HISTORY
OF EUROPE
1945-1968

2. “
”
9 th May 1945
VICTORY DAY
On that day, Moscow time, the German military
surrender became effective.
It meant the end of 2nd World War.

3. Picadilly Circus in London on 9th May 1945

4. Russia on 9th May 1945

5. 1947-1991
THE COLD WAR
It was a state of political and military
tension after World War II between powers
in the Western Bloc (the United States, its
NATO allies and others) and powers in the
Eastern Bloc (the Soviet Union and its allies
in the Warsaw Pact).
Historians do not fully agree on the dates,
but 1947–91 is common.

6. The term "cold" is used because there was no large-scale fighting directly
between the two sides, although there were major regional wars, known as
proxy wars, in Korea, Vietnam, and Afghanistan supported by the two sides.

7. “
”
12nd March 1947
The announcement of Truman doctrine
The American president, Harry Truman announced the doctrine which was an
American foreign policy to stop Soviet imperialism during the Cold War.
No American military force was involved.

9. “
”
4th April 1949
NATO
The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) was founded.
The organization constitutes a system of collective defence whereby its
member states agree to mutual defense in response to an attack by any external
party.

10. Member states of NATO

11. “
”
14th May 1955
The Warsaw Pact
The Soviet Union and seven of its European satellites sign a treaty establishing the Warsaw
Pact, a mutual defense organization that put the Soviets in command of the armed forces of
the member states.
The Warsaw Pact, so named because the treaty was signed in Warsaw, included the Soviet Union, Albania,
Poland, Romania, Hungary, East Germany, Czechoslovakia, and Bulgaria as members. The treaty called on
the member states to come to the defense of any member attacked by an outside force.

12. The Warsaw Pact conference, May 1955

13. WARSAW PACT NATIONS
In March 1991, the military alliance component of the pact was
dissolved and in July 1991, the last meeting of the political
consultative body took place.

14. “
”
4th October 1957
Launch of Sputnik I
The beginning of Space Age
It was the world's first artificial satellite was about the size of a beach ball (58 cm.or 22.8 inches in
diameter), weighed only 83.6 kg. or 183.9 pounds, and took about 98 minutes to orbit the Earth on its
elliptical path. That launch ushered in new political, military, technological, and scientific developments.
While the Sputnik launch was a single event, it marked the start of the space age and the U.S.-U.S.S.R space
race.

16. “
”
13th August 1961
The beginning of construction of Berlin
Wall
It was a barrier that divided Berlin from 1961 to 1989 built by the German
Democratic Republic
The Eastern Bloc claimed that the wall was erected to protect its population from fascist elements
conspiring to prevent the "will of the people" in building a socialist state in East Germany. In practice, the
Wall served to prevent the massive emigration and defection that marked East Germany and the
communist Eastern Bloc during the post-World War II period.

17. Building of Berlin Wall

18. “
”
6th June 1962
The Beatles first record
"Love Me Do" is the Beatles' first single.
The song was written several years before it was recorded, and prior to the existence of the group named
the Beatles.

20. “
”
5th January 1968
Prague Spring
It began on 5 January 1968, when reformist Alexander Dubček was
elected First Secretary of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia
(KSČ), and continued until 21 August when the Soviet Union and
other members of the Warsaw Pact invaded the country to halt the
reforms.

21. The Prague Spring had proved that the Soviet Union was not willing to even contemplate any
member of the Warsaw Pact leaving it. The tanks that rolled through the streets of Prague
reaffirmed to the West that the people of Eastern Europe were oppressed and denied the
democracy that existed in Western Europe.

22. TO BE CONTINUED