The document summarizes the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests in Beijing, China. Students initially gathered to mourn the death of reformist leader Hu Yaobang and called for democratic reforms. The protests grew significantly as thousands of students occupied Tiananmen Square and went on hunger strikes. In early June, the Chinese government violently cracked down on the protests, sending in troops and tanks. Hundreds, possibly thousands, of protesters were killed as the government suppressed the demonstrations. The protests ended without the protesters' demands being met, but generated international sympathy for the pro-democracy movement.
PPT slides of Chinese history from ancient times to the present (21th century), including every major dynasty and some important people. With maps and pictures in slides. Good for high school and college intro-level history courses.
Deng Xiaoping Reforms: Changes and ChallengesJonathon Flegg
A presentation that attempts to understand how Deng Xiaoping achieved his ambitious policy agenda during the early reform period (1978-84). While Mao passed away in 1976, this presentation examines how Deng still had to work within his institutional and political legacy. The presentation pays close consideration to the "balance of power" between Deng and Chen Yun in the Politburo Standing Committee over the period.
PPT slides of Chinese history from ancient times to the present (21th century), including every major dynasty and some important people. With maps and pictures in slides. Good for high school and college intro-level history courses.
Deng Xiaoping Reforms: Changes and ChallengesJonathon Flegg
A presentation that attempts to understand how Deng Xiaoping achieved his ambitious policy agenda during the early reform period (1978-84). While Mao passed away in 1976, this presentation examines how Deng still had to work within his institutional and political legacy. The presentation pays close consideration to the "balance of power" between Deng and Chen Yun in the Politburo Standing Committee over the period.
Hong Kong went to the polls to elect a new legislature on Sunday, following major protests that have underlined growing anger and unease over perceived meddling from Beijing.
Comparativists are interested not only in the causes and forms of change, but also in the various impacts that it has on the policymaking process. Profound political and economic changes have characterized the 20th and early 21st centuries, and governments and politics.
Define the concept social movement
Discuss the characteristics of social movements
Explain why social movements arise
Discuss in detail the requirements for an effective social movement
Indicate in what ways resistance can be offered against social movements
1212019 7 Times in History When Students Turned to Activism .docxaulasnilda
12/1/2019 7 Times in History When Students Turned to Activism - The New York Times
https://www.nytimes.com/2018/03/05/us/student-protest-movements.html 1/7
By Maggie Astor
March 5, 2018
Every few weeks or months, after a man armed with a high-powered weapon walks into a school or a church or a
nightclub and opens fire, the national response plays out in a rote, almost performative way. The outcry lasts only a few
days before guns fade back into the background noise of American politics.
But nearly three weeks after a gunman walked into Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School in Parkland, Fla., and killed
17 people with an AR-15, the conversation has not faded, because the students of Stoneman Douglas have taken up the
cause of gun control. Already, they have lobbied state lawmakers in Tallahassee, spoken with President Trump and
persuaded many companies to cut ties with the National Rifle Association. And on Saturday, they met with students
fighting gun violence in Chicago.
Several of those students, and their critics, have noted the incongruity of teenagers getting involved in politics. But
history is full of movements led by students — albeit usually in college, not high school. Some were successful and others
brutally crushed, but even the latter still resonate. (Most of these campaigns have been liberal-leaning: Though
conservative college students have made their presence known, their actions have rarely coalesced into broader
movements.)
Here are seven other cases where young people were moved to challenge adult society.
Greensboro sit-ins, 1960
The lunch counter sit-ins that would change American history began with four teenagers who walked up to a Woolworth’s
lunch counter in Greensboro, N.C., and refused to leave.
7 Times in History When Students
Turned to Activism
The lunch counter sit-ins of 1960 began with four college students in Greensboro,
N.C. Bettmann, via Getty Images
12/1/2019 7 Times in History When Students Turned to Activism - The New York Times
https://www.nytimes.com/2018/03/05/us/student-protest-movements.html 2/7
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Those young men — Ezell Blair Jr., 18; Franklin McCain, 19; Joseph McNeil, 17; and David Richmond, 18, all students at
North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University — made their stand on Feb. 1, 1960. Within three days, they
were joined by some 300 others. By summer, the sit-ins had spread to more than 50 cities, and lunch counters were
rapidly desegregating.
The actions of the so-called Greensboro Four led directly to the creation of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating
Committee, which the civil rights organizer Ella Baker urged students to form in April 1960 to coordinate the continuing
sit-ins. Later, SNCC would play a major role in the Freedom Rides and in voter registration efforts across the South. And
the momentum that began at the Woolworth’s lunch counter would eventually contribute to the passage of the Civil
Rights A ...
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
3. Background
• Mao Zedong- Communist Society
– Great Leap Forward Program
– Cultural Revolution
• Social reforms 1978 Den Xiaoping
– Market economy reform
– Political liberalization
– Glastnos
• Death of Secretary General Hu Yaobang
5. Changes They Sought
• Affirm as correct Hu Yaobang’s views on democracy and
freedom
• Admit that the campaigns against spiritual pollution and
bourgeois liberalization had been wrong
• Publish information on the income of state leaders and
their family members
• End the ban on privately run newspapers and permit
freedom of speech
• Increase funding for education and raise intellectuals’ pay
• End restrictions on demonstrations in Beijing
• Hold democratic elections to replace government officials
who made bad policy decisions
7. The Protest
• Students mourn the death of Hu yaobang
• Sit-in at the Office of the Standing Committee of the National
People’s Congress
• Police force
– Escalade from batons to fire arms to tanks
• Parallelism between police force and protesters
– 500 to 100,000
• Education strike
• Hunger Strike
– Garner support domestically and nationally
• Death toll
– Soviet Union: 10,000
– NATO: 7,000
– 400-800 NY Times
– Chinese government: 241 including soldiers
9. The Outcome
Negative
• Lack of leadership and
organization
• Demands not met
• Damaged reputation
through media
• High dead toll
• Event censured by
government
Positive
• International
sympathy for
protesters
• International pressure
on government
10. Are the goals and values of
nonviolent conflict and civil
disobedience a viable option for
changing a perceived unjust
society into a just one?
