Thoracoplasty.

Thoracoplasty is a surgical procedure that involves removing parts of the ribs to collapse the chest cavity. It was historically used to treat tuberculosis and empyema but is now rarely used due to improved drug therapies. Indications for thoracoplasty include cavitary tuberculosis, empyema, and persistent spaces after lung resection. Complications include deformity of the chest wall and paradoxical breathing. Physiotherapy after thoracoplasty focuses on postural correction, breathing exercises, and preventing complications through exercise.