THIS SLIDE DESCRIBES ABOUT THE GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION OF DATA. AND ALSO EXPLAIN THE ALL TYPES OF GRAPHS.

1. GRAPHGRAPH

2. HISTOGRAMS
• It is a set of vertical bars with equal
base but different heights.
• The histogram is also known as column
diagram or bar graph or frequency
histogram.
• Axis:
x- axis - midpoints
y- axis - frequency

3. Histogram Sample
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
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4. FREQUENCY POLYGON
• It essentially a line graph for the
graphical representation of the
frequency distribution.
• Many angled closed figure.
• Axis:
x- axis - midpoints
y- axis - frequency

5. Cumulative Frequency Curve
• Dd
• Axis:
x- axis – exact upper limits
y- axis – cumulative frequency

6. CUMULATIVE PERCENTAGE
CURVE / OGIVE CURVE
• In the case of Ogive, percentage of
cumulative frequencies are plotted on the
exact upper limits of each class interval
• Axis:
x- axis – exact upper limit
y- axis – cumulative percentage
cumulative percentage = (cum.f / N) x
100

7. PIE DIAGRAMS
• Pie or sector chart is a circle diagram.
The name pie diagram has been derived
from the word pie. The diagram looks
like a pie and its parts look like slices cut
from a pie. The pie diagram is drawn on
the basis of percentage of data.

8. HISTOGRAM
ECI CI f
49.5 – 54.5 50 – 54 0
44.5 – 49.5 45 – 49 5
39.5 – 44.5 40 – 44 6
34.5 – 39.5 35 – 39 5
29.5 – 34.5 30 – 34 10
24.5 – 29.5 25 – 29 3
19.5 – 24.5 20 – 24 4
14.5 – 19.5 15 – 19 2
9.5 – 14.5 10 – 14 5
4.5 – 9.5 5 – 9 0
N=40

9. Frequency Polygon
• A frequency polygon is a line graph
representing a frequency distribution. It is an
effective graph for comparing two (or) more
frequency distributions. A frequency polygon
is constructed from a histogram by joining the
mid-points of the tops of various rectangles by
straight lines.

10. FREQUENCY POLYGON
Mid-Point Class Interval Frequency
52 50 – 54 0
47 45 – 49 5
42 40 – 44 6
37 35 – 39 5
32 30 – 34 10
27 25 – 29 3
22 20 – 24 4
17 15 – 19 2
12 10 – 14 5
7 5 – 9 0
N=40
SOLUTION:

11. Frequency Curve
• It is a free hand diagram. It cannot draw by
scale. It is complete graph. It is an effective
graph for comparing two (or) more frequency
distributions.

12. Cumulative Frequency Curve
• The cumulative frequency corresponding to any class
interval is the number of cases within that interval
plus all the cases in intervals is the number of cases
within that interval plus all the cases in intervals
lower to it on the scale. Cumulative frequency curve
is a free hand diagram.

13. Ogive or
Cumulative Frequency Percentage Curve
• Ogive curve is a cumulative frequency Percentage curve. This
can be classified into less than ogive curve and more than
ogive curve. In less than ogive curve the upper limit of each
class interval is taken on x-axis in increasing order. For each
such upper limit on ‘x’ axis, the cumulative frequency of the
entire class interval to that class interval is taken on ‘y’ axis.

14. Ogive
Exact Limit Class Interval f cf
44.5 - 49.5 45 - 49 8 50
39.5 - 44.5 40 - 44 6 42
34.5 - 39.5 35 - 39 6 36
29.5 - 34.5 30 - 34 11 30
24.5 - 29.5 25 - 29 10 19
19.4 - 24.5 20 - 24 3 9
14.5 - 19.5 15 - 19 3 6
9.5 - 14.5 10 - 14 2 3
4.5 - 9.5 5 - 9 1 1
N = 50

15. GRAPH AXES
s.no Graph X-AXIS Y-AXIS
1 Histogram EXACT CLASS LIMIT FREQUENCY
2 Frequency Polygon MID POINT FREQUENCY
3 Frequency Curve MID POINT FREQUENCY
4 Cumulative Frequency Curve EXACT UPPER LIMIT CF
5 Ogive Curve EXACT UPPER LIMIT CF

16. THANK YOU