This document provides an overview of the objectives and structure of a thesis on evaluating the quality of supervised research reports related to postgraduate medical qualifications in Bangladesh. The document outlines the objectives of describing the purposes of writing an academic thesis, components of a thesis, steps of thesis work, and how to write and defend a thesis. It also discusses the difference between a thesis and dissertation, as well as the benefits of conducting academic research through a thesis. Finally, it provides guidance on the typical structure and sections of a thesis, including front matters, body, and back matters.
The document provides guidance on conducting and writing a literature review. It defines a literature review as a critical evaluation and synthesis of selected documents on a research topic. The purpose of a literature review is to place research in the context of prior work, identify areas of contribution and gaps, and help guide further research questions. Effective literature reviews involve clarifying the topic, finding examples to emulate, narrowing the scope, considering source recency and focus, and developing a thesis statement.
This document provides guidance on conducting an effective literature review for research. It defines a literature review as an account of what has been published on a topic by other scholars. There are two main types of sources: primary sources that are directly being written about and secondary sources that discuss other researchers' work. An effective literature review is not just a list of sources, but includes evaluating and commenting on previous research, identifying areas of agreement and disagreement, and assessing source quality and findings. The literature review should be organized based on the research question and help define the thesis, identify gaps, avoid repetition, and position the research in the existing literature.
The presentation discusses about purpose and use of literature review, locating relevant information, use of library & electronic databases, preparation & presentation of literature review, research article reviews, theoretical models and frame work. Identification of gaps in research, formulation of research problem, definition of research objectives. A verbal consent of Prof. Dr. C. B. Bhatt was obtained (at 4.15pm on Dt. 26-11-2016 at Hall A-2, GTU, Chandkheda) to float the presentation online for the benfit of the research scholar society.
This document provides guidance on conducting and writing a literature review. It discusses the purpose of a literature review in analyzing and critically evaluating previous research on a topic. The document offers tips for finding relevant sources, narrowing a topic, developing a thesis statement, and organizing a literature review. It provides direction on what to include in writing a literature review such as summarizing previous findings, identifying gaps, and making recommendations for further research.
Thank you for your thoughtful comments. While rejection can feel discouraging, using reviewer feedback to strengthen our work is an important part of the scientific process. With patience and persistence, we can work to improve our research and find the right journal fit.
Scientific paper writing ppt shalini phdSHALINI BISHT
This document provides an overview of the key sections and considerations for writing a scientific research paper. It discusses selecting an appropriate title, writing an abstract, introduction, methods, results, discussion, and conclusion. It also addresses statistical analysis, citing references, authorship, and avoiding plagiarism. The goal is to guide researchers in organizing their ideas and findings into a coherent scientific paper format.
This document provides guidance on writing a research paper, outlining its typical structure and key elements. It discusses the importance of writing a research paper, as well as the standard sections - introduction, literature review, methodology, results, discussion, and conclusion. It also covers best practices for titles, keywords, citations, and avoiding plagiarism. The document aims to help students and researchers improve their written reports and research papers.
This document provides guidance on how to write a research proposal. It explains that a proposal convinces others that a research project is worthwhile and that the researcher can complete it. The document outlines the key components of a proposal, including the title page, abstract, project description, time schedule, structure outline, and references. It provides details on what to include in each section, such as the research question in the abstract and a timeline in the schedule. The goal is to plan the project thoroughly to help ensure its successful completion.
The document provides guidance on conducting and writing a literature review. It defines a literature review as a critical evaluation and synthesis of selected documents on a research topic. The purpose of a literature review is to place research in the context of prior work, identify areas of contribution and gaps, and help guide further research questions. Effective literature reviews involve clarifying the topic, finding examples to emulate, narrowing the scope, considering source recency and focus, and developing a thesis statement.
This document provides guidance on conducting an effective literature review for research. It defines a literature review as an account of what has been published on a topic by other scholars. There are two main types of sources: primary sources that are directly being written about and secondary sources that discuss other researchers' work. An effective literature review is not just a list of sources, but includes evaluating and commenting on previous research, identifying areas of agreement and disagreement, and assessing source quality and findings. The literature review should be organized based on the research question and help define the thesis, identify gaps, avoid repetition, and position the research in the existing literature.
The presentation discusses about purpose and use of literature review, locating relevant information, use of library & electronic databases, preparation & presentation of literature review, research article reviews, theoretical models and frame work. Identification of gaps in research, formulation of research problem, definition of research objectives. A verbal consent of Prof. Dr. C. B. Bhatt was obtained (at 4.15pm on Dt. 26-11-2016 at Hall A-2, GTU, Chandkheda) to float the presentation online for the benfit of the research scholar society.
This document provides guidance on conducting and writing a literature review. It discusses the purpose of a literature review in analyzing and critically evaluating previous research on a topic. The document offers tips for finding relevant sources, narrowing a topic, developing a thesis statement, and organizing a literature review. It provides direction on what to include in writing a literature review such as summarizing previous findings, identifying gaps, and making recommendations for further research.
Thank you for your thoughtful comments. While rejection can feel discouraging, using reviewer feedback to strengthen our work is an important part of the scientific process. With patience and persistence, we can work to improve our research and find the right journal fit.
Scientific paper writing ppt shalini phdSHALINI BISHT
This document provides an overview of the key sections and considerations for writing a scientific research paper. It discusses selecting an appropriate title, writing an abstract, introduction, methods, results, discussion, and conclusion. It also addresses statistical analysis, citing references, authorship, and avoiding plagiarism. The goal is to guide researchers in organizing their ideas and findings into a coherent scientific paper format.
This document provides guidance on writing a research paper, outlining its typical structure and key elements. It discusses the importance of writing a research paper, as well as the standard sections - introduction, literature review, methodology, results, discussion, and conclusion. It also covers best practices for titles, keywords, citations, and avoiding plagiarism. The document aims to help students and researchers improve their written reports and research papers.
This document provides guidance on how to write a research proposal. It explains that a proposal convinces others that a research project is worthwhile and that the researcher can complete it. The document outlines the key components of a proposal, including the title page, abstract, project description, time schedule, structure outline, and references. It provides details on what to include in each section, such as the research question in the abstract and a timeline in the schedule. The goal is to plan the project thoroughly to help ensure its successful completion.
The document provides an overview of conducting and organizing a literature review. It discusses that a literature review surveys and critically evaluates relevant scholarly sources on a particular topic and provides context for a research study. It outlines the process of formulating a research problem, searching literature, critically analyzing sources, and organizing the review. Key steps include determining if a problem needs further research, narrowing a focus, generating hypotheses, understanding the field, and critiquing sources for their assumptions, methods, findings and implications. The document provides tips for writing the review such as introducing and summarizing subtopics and connecting them to the overall topic.
This document provides information on conducting a literature review. It defines a literature review and discusses the key components, including identifying and synthesizing existing works on a topic through a systematic process. The document outlines 7 steps for conducting a literature review: selecting research questions, sources, search terms, screening criteria, quality assessment, reviewing the literature, and synthesizing results. It also discusses different types of literature reviews and provides guidance on writing an introduction, body, and conclusion. Additionally, the document describes various resources and databases for searching literature, such as PubMed, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Library. It emphasizes developing a search strategy using keywords and Boolean operators to efficiently extract relevant information.
Scientific research and its publication
A process and the research process
Writing and submitting a paper to a journal
Other processes in research
Literagure review
Research design
Qualitative research
Conclusion
The review process
Bibliometrics literally means "book measurement" but the term is used about all kinds of documents (with journal articles as the dominant kind of document).
What is measured are not the physical properties of documents but statistical patterns in variables such as authorship, sources, subjects, geographical origins, and citations.
This document provides guidance on how to read and understand a research article. It explains that a research article reports on original research results through standard sections - an abstract, introduction, literature review, research question, methods, results, discussion and references. It describes the purpose and contents of each section, emphasizing that a research article contributes new knowledge through original experimental work rather than summarizing existing research. Contact information is provided for library assistance in analyzing and applying research articles.
This document provides guidance on writing and publishing research papers. It discusses why publishing is important for academic growth and recognition from peers. It also outlines the process of publishing, including developing a research plan, maintaining records, attending conferences, and periodically reviewing work. The document describes different types of manuscripts and focuses on writing tips, such as knowing the target journal, being concise, and using an ideal published article as a reference. It provides direction on key elements of manuscripts like the title, abstract, keywords, introduction, body, discussion, and references. The review process is also summarized.
Citation tools and software can help researchers properly cite sources and manage bibliographies. Some popular tools include Zotero, Mendeley, EndNote, RefWorks, ProQuest, EBSCO, Cite This For Me, WriteM, and Tropy. These tools allow users to import references from databases, organize citations, and automatically generate bibliographies in different styles. Many integrate with word processors to easily insert citations and format papers.
This document provides an overview of conducting literature reviews. It defines what a literature review is, explains its importance and purpose, and identifies different types of literature and resources. The document outlines the steps of conducting a literature review, including identifying primary and secondary sources. It emphasizes using peer-reviewed, relevant and current sources. Finally, it lists several electronic databases and other resources that can be used to locate literature, such as PubMed, CINAHL and Cochrane.
Introduction and Literature Review. This must see webinar provides tips on writing the introduction and literature review sections of your dissertation. A step by step guide on using zotero (for bibliography and citation) is included, along with tips on searching, reading, organizing, and writing your literature review.
The document provides guidance on conducting a literature review for research. It discusses selecting a topic, conducting a literature search, analyzing and organizing the literature. Key steps include identifying the research topic, locating relevant sources through databases and other means, reading and analyzing the literature, and organizing it using mapping techniques. The literature review aims to summarize and synthesize previous research on the topic to provide context and identify gaps to justify further research.
The document provides a step-by-step guide to conducting a literature review. It defines a literature review as surveying scholarly sources on a topic to provide an overview of current knowledge and identify gaps. A 5-step process is outlined: 1) searching relevant literature by defining the topic and keywords, 2) evaluating and selecting sources, 3) identifying themes and gaps, 4) outlining the structure, and 5) writing the literature review. The introduction establishes the purpose, the body analyzes and interprets sources, and the conclusion summarizes key findings and implications.
Steps for successfully submitting your scientific articleTamer Hamdy
1) The document provides steps for successfully submitting a scientific article, including targeting the right journal, writing the manuscript, internal reviewing, and dealing with the publication process.
2) It emphasizes writing clearly and following the target journal's format instructions. Tools for writing like online paraphrasing and synonym tools are recommended.
3) The internal review process is described, which involves checking that the research fits the journal's scope and quality standards. Reviewers should provide feedback to improve the manuscript.
The document provides an overview of different types of literature reviews, including traditional/narrative reviews, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and meta-syntheses. It discusses the steps involved in conducting a literature review, including selecting a topic, searching the literature, analyzing and summarizing sources, and writing the review. Key aspects covered are using keywords and databases to search comprehensively, appraising different types of sources, and synthesizing findings into a coherent written summary.
This document provides guidance on writing research papers and theses. It discusses the typical structures and contents of papers and theses, as well as how referees evaluate papers. Papers should communicate important new ideas or information to advance knowledge in a field. They have standard sections like an abstract, introduction, body, and conclusion. Theses allow for more in-depth arguments and are evaluated based on the use of literature, organization, logic, argumentation, and contribution to the discipline. Figures and tables should assist the reader in understanding concepts discussed in the text.
Review of literature is one of the most important steps in the research process.
Literature review helps the researcher to get used to the related material on the study
Gives an overview of the field of inquiry on what has been already said about the topic.
Literature reviews also provide a solid background for a research paper’s investigation.
It also provide the knowledge about the problems faced by the previous researchers’ while studying same topic
This document provides guidance on developing an effective research proposal. It explains that a proposal communicates the research problem and planned methodology to obtain approval and funding. Key sections include an introduction outlining the research problem, a literature review establishing the significance of the problem, objectives and hypotheses to be tested, methodology describing the research design and procedures, a work plan and budget, and qualifications of researchers. High-quality proposals have a clearly defined problem, methodology suitable to address the research questions, and convince reviewers of the importance and feasibility of the study.
This document provides guidance on how to conduct a journal club by outlining 10 steps for critically appraising a research article. It recommends that articles be of interest to participants, not just published, and report novel methods or applications. The 10 steps include: introducing the article; evaluating the authors, journal, hypothesis, and evidence presented; appraising the study design, methods, results, and discussion; considering the utility of the findings; and providing output such as writing a letter to the editor. Attendees are advised to actively read papers with the steps in mind and plan to participate in discussions. Sources for reporting guidelines are also referenced.
In writing the literature review:
your purpose is to convey to your reader what knowledge and ideas have been established on a topic, and what their strengths and weaknesses are.
It is not just a descriptive list of the material available or a set of summaries."
This document provides an overview of developing a thesis or dissertation from conception to execution. It discusses developing a research question, working with a committee, writing a proposal, and planning the thesis or dissertation. For the research question, it emphasizes that the question should address outstanding issues, have significance, and be answerable. It advises picking a supportive committee and structuring communication. For the proposal, it recommends including an introduction, problem statement, framework, methods, significance, and timeline. It also offers strategies for writing such as outlining, writing groups, and editing in multiple stages.
This document outlines the course syllabus for Methods of Research. The course aims to introduce students to basic research concepts, principles, and methods. It will cover topics such as defining a research problem, reviewing related literature, different types of research designs and methods, sampling, data collection and analysis, and writing a thesis proposal. Students will apply what they learn by developing a research proposal on a topic of their choice. Assessment will include exams, individual outputs such as an oral presentation and written thesis proposal, and class participation. Upon completing the course, students should understand how to conduct research and be able to utilize the research process to construct their own thesis proposal.
The document provides an overview of conducting and organizing a literature review. It discusses that a literature review surveys and critically evaluates relevant scholarly sources on a particular topic and provides context for a research study. It outlines the process of formulating a research problem, searching literature, critically analyzing sources, and organizing the review. Key steps include determining if a problem needs further research, narrowing a focus, generating hypotheses, understanding the field, and critiquing sources for their assumptions, methods, findings and implications. The document provides tips for writing the review such as introducing and summarizing subtopics and connecting them to the overall topic.
This document provides information on conducting a literature review. It defines a literature review and discusses the key components, including identifying and synthesizing existing works on a topic through a systematic process. The document outlines 7 steps for conducting a literature review: selecting research questions, sources, search terms, screening criteria, quality assessment, reviewing the literature, and synthesizing results. It also discusses different types of literature reviews and provides guidance on writing an introduction, body, and conclusion. Additionally, the document describes various resources and databases for searching literature, such as PubMed, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Library. It emphasizes developing a search strategy using keywords and Boolean operators to efficiently extract relevant information.
Scientific research and its publication
A process and the research process
Writing and submitting a paper to a journal
Other processes in research
Literagure review
Research design
Qualitative research
Conclusion
The review process
Bibliometrics literally means "book measurement" but the term is used about all kinds of documents (with journal articles as the dominant kind of document).
What is measured are not the physical properties of documents but statistical patterns in variables such as authorship, sources, subjects, geographical origins, and citations.
This document provides guidance on how to read and understand a research article. It explains that a research article reports on original research results through standard sections - an abstract, introduction, literature review, research question, methods, results, discussion and references. It describes the purpose and contents of each section, emphasizing that a research article contributes new knowledge through original experimental work rather than summarizing existing research. Contact information is provided for library assistance in analyzing and applying research articles.
This document provides guidance on writing and publishing research papers. It discusses why publishing is important for academic growth and recognition from peers. It also outlines the process of publishing, including developing a research plan, maintaining records, attending conferences, and periodically reviewing work. The document describes different types of manuscripts and focuses on writing tips, such as knowing the target journal, being concise, and using an ideal published article as a reference. It provides direction on key elements of manuscripts like the title, abstract, keywords, introduction, body, discussion, and references. The review process is also summarized.
Citation tools and software can help researchers properly cite sources and manage bibliographies. Some popular tools include Zotero, Mendeley, EndNote, RefWorks, ProQuest, EBSCO, Cite This For Me, WriteM, and Tropy. These tools allow users to import references from databases, organize citations, and automatically generate bibliographies in different styles. Many integrate with word processors to easily insert citations and format papers.
This document provides an overview of conducting literature reviews. It defines what a literature review is, explains its importance and purpose, and identifies different types of literature and resources. The document outlines the steps of conducting a literature review, including identifying primary and secondary sources. It emphasizes using peer-reviewed, relevant and current sources. Finally, it lists several electronic databases and other resources that can be used to locate literature, such as PubMed, CINAHL and Cochrane.
Introduction and Literature Review. This must see webinar provides tips on writing the introduction and literature review sections of your dissertation. A step by step guide on using zotero (for bibliography and citation) is included, along with tips on searching, reading, organizing, and writing your literature review.
The document provides guidance on conducting a literature review for research. It discusses selecting a topic, conducting a literature search, analyzing and organizing the literature. Key steps include identifying the research topic, locating relevant sources through databases and other means, reading and analyzing the literature, and organizing it using mapping techniques. The literature review aims to summarize and synthesize previous research on the topic to provide context and identify gaps to justify further research.
The document provides a step-by-step guide to conducting a literature review. It defines a literature review as surveying scholarly sources on a topic to provide an overview of current knowledge and identify gaps. A 5-step process is outlined: 1) searching relevant literature by defining the topic and keywords, 2) evaluating and selecting sources, 3) identifying themes and gaps, 4) outlining the structure, and 5) writing the literature review. The introduction establishes the purpose, the body analyzes and interprets sources, and the conclusion summarizes key findings and implications.
Steps for successfully submitting your scientific articleTamer Hamdy
1) The document provides steps for successfully submitting a scientific article, including targeting the right journal, writing the manuscript, internal reviewing, and dealing with the publication process.
2) It emphasizes writing clearly and following the target journal's format instructions. Tools for writing like online paraphrasing and synonym tools are recommended.
3) The internal review process is described, which involves checking that the research fits the journal's scope and quality standards. Reviewers should provide feedback to improve the manuscript.
The document provides an overview of different types of literature reviews, including traditional/narrative reviews, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and meta-syntheses. It discusses the steps involved in conducting a literature review, including selecting a topic, searching the literature, analyzing and summarizing sources, and writing the review. Key aspects covered are using keywords and databases to search comprehensively, appraising different types of sources, and synthesizing findings into a coherent written summary.
This document provides guidance on writing research papers and theses. It discusses the typical structures and contents of papers and theses, as well as how referees evaluate papers. Papers should communicate important new ideas or information to advance knowledge in a field. They have standard sections like an abstract, introduction, body, and conclusion. Theses allow for more in-depth arguments and are evaluated based on the use of literature, organization, logic, argumentation, and contribution to the discipline. Figures and tables should assist the reader in understanding concepts discussed in the text.
Review of literature is one of the most important steps in the research process.
Literature review helps the researcher to get used to the related material on the study
Gives an overview of the field of inquiry on what has been already said about the topic.
Literature reviews also provide a solid background for a research paper’s investigation.
It also provide the knowledge about the problems faced by the previous researchers’ while studying same topic
This document provides guidance on developing an effective research proposal. It explains that a proposal communicates the research problem and planned methodology to obtain approval and funding. Key sections include an introduction outlining the research problem, a literature review establishing the significance of the problem, objectives and hypotheses to be tested, methodology describing the research design and procedures, a work plan and budget, and qualifications of researchers. High-quality proposals have a clearly defined problem, methodology suitable to address the research questions, and convince reviewers of the importance and feasibility of the study.
This document provides guidance on how to conduct a journal club by outlining 10 steps for critically appraising a research article. It recommends that articles be of interest to participants, not just published, and report novel methods or applications. The 10 steps include: introducing the article; evaluating the authors, journal, hypothesis, and evidence presented; appraising the study design, methods, results, and discussion; considering the utility of the findings; and providing output such as writing a letter to the editor. Attendees are advised to actively read papers with the steps in mind and plan to participate in discussions. Sources for reporting guidelines are also referenced.
In writing the literature review:
your purpose is to convey to your reader what knowledge and ideas have been established on a topic, and what their strengths and weaknesses are.
It is not just a descriptive list of the material available or a set of summaries."
This document provides an overview of developing a thesis or dissertation from conception to execution. It discusses developing a research question, working with a committee, writing a proposal, and planning the thesis or dissertation. For the research question, it emphasizes that the question should address outstanding issues, have significance, and be answerable. It advises picking a supportive committee and structuring communication. For the proposal, it recommends including an introduction, problem statement, framework, methods, significance, and timeline. It also offers strategies for writing such as outlining, writing groups, and editing in multiple stages.
This document outlines the course syllabus for Methods of Research. The course aims to introduce students to basic research concepts, principles, and methods. It will cover topics such as defining a research problem, reviewing related literature, different types of research designs and methods, sampling, data collection and analysis, and writing a thesis proposal. Students will apply what they learn by developing a research proposal on a topic of their choice. Assessment will include exams, individual outputs such as an oral presentation and written thesis proposal, and class participation. Upon completing the course, students should understand how to conduct research and be able to utilize the research process to construct their own thesis proposal.
The document provides an overview of the key elements and requirements for writing a thesis proposal. It discusses what constitutes a thesis, the goal of a thesis proposal to convince that the project is feasible, and considerations for writing such as having an audience beyond professors and presenting an argument rather than just filling out a form. It also outlines the typical sections of a proposal including the problem/rationale, literature review, methodology, results and discussion, conclusion, and schedule. Finally, it discusses formatting requirements and styles such as Turabian, Chicago, MLA, and APA.
This document provides guidance on writing key parts of a thesis proposal, including the problem statement, literature review, and research methodology chapter. It discusses how to develop a good research problem and title, and outlines the necessary components of the introduction, problem statement, significance of the study, scope and limitations, and definition of terms sections in the first chapter. It also provides tips for structuring the literature review and related studies chapters, including how to group and link sources. The document aims to help students write their thesis proposals effectively.
The document provides guidance on selecting a dissertation topic and defending a dissertation proposal. It discusses considering how much you enjoy the topic, whether the topic is relevant to important unanswered questions, and ensuring the topic is on the leading edge of research methods. The document also advises taking time to explore different topics while not delaying too long, and positioning the topic at the frontier of knowledge. Finally, it states the goal of defending the proposal is to obtain feedback, and outlines steps like choosing knowledgeable committee members and preparing the defense to maximize feedback.
The document outlines the thesis process for an IMBA program at UNC Wilmington. It discusses selecting a thesis committee, developing a topic and research question, scheduling a proposal defense, conducting research and data collection, writing drafts, scheduling a final defense, and submitting the final thesis. It provides details on the roles of the committee chair and readers in guiding the process and approving the thesis. Key steps in the research process are also summarized.
This document provides an overview of the process for writing a literary analysis research paper. It begins with choosing a topic and conducting research to develop a thesis statement. The thesis should present an argument that can be proven using evidence from the text and secondary sources. The paper is divided into three parts: planning, drafting, and finalizing. Planning involves writing a thesis statement and outline. Drafting uses research notes and feedback to support the thesis. Finalizing revises the paper based on feedback and ensures proper citation of sources. Secondary sources like criticism and context are used to supplement the argument without overshadowing the student's own analysis. The document emphasizes developing an arguable thesis and using evidence to prove it.
The document provides an outline for a manual on writing a Ph.D. dissertation. It discusses introducing the dissertation, how to write and organize it, dissertation style, and good habits for writing a dissertation. Key sections include outlining the dissertation process and milestones, differences between papers/theses, common dissertation skeleton structures, principles for organizing sections, and tips for writing early and getting feedback.
This document provides guidance on writing a position paper and annotated bibliography on an issue of global importance. It emphasizes the need to thoroughly research multiple perspectives on an issue to identify and establish the need being addressed. The position paper should use evidence from authoritative sources to validate the argued position, examine its strengths and weaknesses, and suggest potential courses of action. An annotated bibliography of at least 8 recent and relevant sources is also required, with each citation followed by a brief description and evaluation.
This document provides guidance on writing a strong 3-part thesis statement for an A-grade paper. It explains that a good thesis statement should:
1) Have a clear meaning that the reader can understand.
2) Present an idea that is tentatively either true or false, rather than clearly one or the other, so it can be discussed and proved or disproved.
3) Make it clear to the reader that there is a need to prove the thesis, and this need appears important.
The document then gives examples of strong and weak thesis statements and evaluates them based on these three criteria. It provides tips for writing tentative statements using modal verbs, indefinite subjects, and both together.
Research Proposal 2 - How to Defend Your Problem/Thesis StatementJaime Alfredo Cabrera
This document provides a guide for defending a research topic. It outlines 9 questions that must be answered to successfully defend a topic. For each question, it provides criteria for passing or failing. The questions focus on specifying target beneficiaries and their needs, proving the urgency of those needs, outlining an original contribution and how it meets the needs, supporting the proposal and contribution with theory, providing an action plan timeline, identifying potential ways the proposal could fail, and using theory to support strategies to counter those threats.
This document defines key terms used in research and discusses the importance of defining terms, conceptual definitions, operational definitions, and examples of each. It also discusses variables, including dependent and independent variables. The key points are:
1) Defining important concepts and terms precisely is important for clear communication between researchers and readers.
2) Conceptual definitions describe the general meaning of a term, while operational definitions specify how the term is measured or manipulated in a study.
3) Variables are characteristics that can take on different values, with dependent variables as the outcome and independent variables as potential influences.
Research Proposal 4 - Sample Thesis Statement and Proposal SummaryJaime Alfredo Cabrera
This document outlines a presentation on a project proposal to pay street children to gather discarded cigarette filters and process them into insect-repellent curtains for international sale. It includes a title slide with the presenter's information, a 3-part thesis statement describing the benefits of the plan, descriptions of primary and secondary beneficiaries and how their needs would be met, the urgency of problems faced by street children, the environment, and users of pesticides/insecticides. It also includes a timeline, action plan, and proposed procedure for implementing the project.
Research proposal: Tips for writing literature reviewElisha Bhandari
This document provides guidance on writing a research proposal and conducting a literature review. It discusses:
1) The importance of research and outlines the basic steps, including developing a research proposal and gaining approval before beginning research.
2) Key components of an effective research proposal, including background information, research questions, methodology, and timeline. The proposal convinces reviewers that the proposed study is worthwhile and can be completed successfully.
3) Tips for conducting a literature review, including searching relevant sources, synthesizing information thematically rather than annotating individual sources, and connecting prior work to the proposed research. A literature review establishes the context and significance of a research topic.
This document discusses research critique and provides guidelines for critiquing different types of research. It defines research critique as a systematic, unbiased examination of all aspects of a study to evaluate its merits, limitations, and significance. Research critique requires critical thinking, appraisal, and intellectual skills. It is important for broadening understanding, implementing evidence-based practice, and advancing nursing knowledge. The document outlines elements to consider when critiquing different parts of a study, such as the introduction, literature review, methodology, results, and conclusions. It also provides criteria for evaluating qualitative research aspects like the purpose, data collection and analysis, findings, and implications.
The document discusses theoretical and conceptual frameworks. It defines a theoretical framework as providing context and rationale for examining problems by developing hypotheses and guiding research design and interpretation. A conceptual framework outlines possible approaches to an idea. The document provides guidance on developing frameworks, including selecting concepts, identifying relationships between concepts, defining concepts, and formulating the theoretical rationale. Frameworks can be descriptive, explanatory, or predictive. The document also discusses critiquing frameworks and the contribution of nursing frameworks to research.
The document discusses research objectives, types, approaches, and outcomes. The goal of research is to produce new knowledge in three forms: exploratory, constructive, and empirical. There are two types of research: primary which collects new data and secondary which summarizes existing research. Research can be quantitative or qualitative, descriptive or critical, large-scale or small-scale, cross-sectional or longitudinal, observational or experimental. Action research is a reflective process to improve problem-solving. Research methods may include correlational studies, comparisons, ethnographies, observations, and case studies. Outcomes include observational indicators, ethnographic descriptions, and measures of motivation and engagement. Methods should match the research questions, and a mixture of methods can provide comprehensive
The document discusses the doctoral thesis process. It covers choosing a topic and justifying the research, developing a research plan, required skills, and annual evaluations. Key aspects include generating new knowledge, collecting information resources, signing a doctoral commitment, training activities, and defending the thesis. The overall purpose is to guide students through each step of pursuing a doctoral degree.
1) This document provides guidance on planning and writing a thesis or dissertation for postgraduate medical students. It discusses defining objectives, conducting a literature review, study designs, sample size calculation, the anatomy of a dissertation, and the dissertation submission and evaluation process.
2) Key aspects covered include turning ideas into testable hypotheses, writing SMART objectives, using literature to refine topics and objectives, common study designs and their purposes, determining an appropriate sample size, and the typical sections of a dissertation including introduction, methods, results, and discussion.
3) Approval from institutional ethics committees and maintaining documentation like patient consent forms and a logbook are emphasized. Guidance is provided on executing studies meticulously, analyzing data, discussing
Communication and utilisation of research findingssudhashivakumar
This document discusses communication and utilization of research findings. It defines communication of research findings as interpreting complex results so nonexperts can understand. The purposes of communication include bridging clinical practice and research, promoting learning, and improving quality of care. Key steps outlined are selecting the audience and method, avoiding jargon, and effective writing. Common methods of communication are written reports, oral reports, and poster presentations. Barriers to research utilization include issues related to nurses, organizations, research, and communication. Strategies to facilitate use include developing research departments, education programs, and open communication.
This document discusses communication and utilization of research findings. It emphasizes that effectively communicating results to intended users is an essential part of the research process. The document outlines various purposes of communicating research, such as bridging the gap between practice and research or promoting evidence-based practice. It also describes several methods of communicating research, like written reports, oral presentations, and posters. Barriers to research utilization include issues related to nurses, organizations, research studies themselves, and communication. Strategies to facilitate research use involve developing support systems, education, and promoting positive attitudes.
1575462964866_proposal writing Dr Abhishek Prayag.pptZorJun
This document provides guidance on how to write a research proposal. It discusses developing a research question, including refining a broad topic of interest into a specific question. A good research question is relevant, interesting, feasible, ethical, and novel. The document outlines characteristics of a strong research proposal, including clearly stating objectives and methodology. It emphasizes selecting an appropriate study design and population and describing data collection procedures, analysis, and ethical considerations. Overall, the document serves as a guide for crafting a well-structured research proposal that clearly conveys the rationale, objectives, and methodology of the proposed study.
This document provides guidelines for writing a research synopsis or proposal. It discusses key elements like the title, abstract, introduction, objectives, hypotheses, methodology, and limitations. The introduction establishes the framework and importance of the research. The objectives and hypotheses state what the study aims to accomplish and potential outcomes. The methodology describes the research design, subjects, inclusion/exclusion criteria, sample size, interventions, and data collection process. Limitations acknowledge weaknesses in the study. Overall, this document serves as a reference for how to structure a synopsis and address essential components to obtain approval for a proposed research study.
The document provides an overview of the life and experiences of a PhD student. It discusses various aspects of pursuing a PhD, including the beginning stages of choosing an area of focus and research questions, the midway stages of conducting research like collecting and analyzing data, and the submission stages of completing publications, thesis formalities, and addressing challenges. It also discusses myths about PhD work, where scholars often go wrong, essential aspects like having a guide and managing time and resources. Overall, the document aims to provide guidance and insights to PhD students based on the presenter's own experiences in their PhD journey.
MM Bagali / PhD/ Research/ Publication/ Research papers/ HR/ HRM/ Management/...dr m m bagali, phd in hr
This document provides an overview of the life and process of a PhD student. It discusses various aspects of pursuing a PhD, including the beginning stages of choosing an area of focus and research questions, the midway stages of literature reviews and research design, and the submission stages of completing publications, dissertation, and other requirements. It highlights common mistakes PhD students make and provides advice on selecting a rigorous and relevant topic, developing research competencies, networking, time management, and overcoming challenges. The document aims to help PhD students navigate the PhD process successfully.
Thmep fac ed ppt #13 research in the scholarship of teachingTucsonMedicalCenter
This document provides information on engaging in the scholarship of teaching and learning (SoTL). It defines SoTL and distinguishes it from scholarly teaching. Glassick's six elements of scholarship are described for evaluating SoTL projects. Examples of SoTL projects and resources for conducting this type of educational research are provided. Faculty are encouraged to develop research questions about their teaching and students' learning, collect relevant data, and disseminate their findings to contribute to the scholarship of teaching in their discipline.
The document provides an overview of the PhD process at UCD School of Mathematical Sciences. It discusses the standards required for a PhD degree including independence, originality, contribution to knowledge, and work suitable for publication. It outlines the research process, emphasizing the importance of planning, execution, analysis, and reporting. It also discusses the responsibilities of students and supervisors, criteria for assessing PhD theses, authorship, and responsible research conduct. Throughout it emphasizes that a PhD requires solid, independent work to advance understanding in a research area.
This document provides information on engaging in the scholarship of teaching and learning (SoTL). It defines SoTL and discusses how clinical work becomes scholarship. The document outlines the steps in educational research and compares this to evidence-based medicine. Resources for SoTL projects are provided, including relevant groups and individuals. Examples of SoTL projects are given. Glassick's six elements of scholarship are described. Finally, a suggested timeline is provided for developing a scholarly teaching project.
The document provides an overview of the doctoral thesis process, outlining the decision to pursue a thesis, what constitutes a thesis, and the various stages of the PhD process including developing a research plan, annual evaluations, publishing research, defending the thesis, and opportunities for international collaborations or industrial mentions.
The document provides guidance on writing a research proposal. It discusses the key components of a research proposal including an introduction, objectives, methodology, budget, and dissemination plan. It emphasizes that a well-structured research proposal allows researchers to plan their study, receive feedback, and seek necessary approvals or funding. The proposal should convince readers that the research has significance and the methods are suitable to address the objectives.
Unit 4. Research Problem, Purpose, Objectives, Significance and Scope..pptxshakirRahman10
Research Problem, Purpose, Objectives, Significance and Scope:
Objectives:
1. Identify the interest area of research
2. Discuss the problem statement and research purpose
3. Develop objectives of research
4. Elaborate on significance and scope of the research
5. Differentiate between significance and scope of the research.
Research Proposal:
A research proposal describes what you will investigate, how will you carry out your research, and why the research is essential to be conducted.
It should be noted that the proposal acts as an introduction of a thesis/dissertation or a project report.
The proposal helps the researcher to think practically and to be on the right track during the research process.
Almost all students who intend to write Bachelor’s, Master, or Ph.D. thesis/dissertation or those who intend to apply for scholarships or research grants, need to write a research proposal.
Attributes of Good Research Proposal:
It is innovative and contains impressive research idea(s).
The research questions and objectives are clear.
The methodology and data sources are well known.
The significance of the study is justified.
The objectives of the study could be met within the timeline.
The writing style is clear and concise, and there is no ambiguity.
There is no contradiction in objectives, research questions, and methodology.
The budget and the proposal narrative are consistent.
Contents of the Thesis/Dissertation Proposal:
Title of Study
Abstract
Introduction
Significance of the Study
Research Questions
Research Objectives
Research Hypothesis
Review of Literature
Methodology
Data Sources
Tentative Table of Content of Thesis
References.
Title of Study:
It should be appealing and meaningful.
It should not be a single word.
It should be short and self-explanatory.
It should reflect the study properly.
It should not be a conclusion.
It should not be contradictory to the methodology.
Abstract:
It motivates the reader to read the full text.
It is a brief overview of the proposal, consisting of 100 to 300 words.
It summarizes the essential elements of the research proposal.
It may not cite the existing relevant literature.
It may summarize the methods, results, and implications.
Introduction:
It highlights the nature of the problem.
It discusses the background of the problem.
It explains the current situation of the problem.
It discusses the significance of the study.
It states the research question(s) and the research objectives of the study.
It mentions the limitations of the study (if any).
It explains the structure of the study.
Identify the interest area of research:
Clinical Practice
Nursing Education
Community/ Public Health
Literature Review
Theories
Research Priorities
Peer Interaction.
This document provides guidance on conducting research and writing a thesis for a postgraduate medical degree. It discusses selecting a topic, the role of the guide, time management, reviewing literature, and the required sections of a thesis. Key points include selecting a topic of present significance; the guide's role in providing expertise, assessing progress, and ensuring standards are met; conducting a thorough literature review; and including sections on introduction, methodology, results, discussion, and conclusion. Regular progress reports and obtaining ethics approval are also emphasized. The document aims to help postgraduate students successfully complete their required thesis work.
The document provides guidance on writing an extended essay (EE) for the International Baccalaureate (IB) diploma program. It discusses what an EE is and is not, the available subjects, choosing a topic and research question, the research and writing process, criteria for assessment, and deadlines. Key points include that an EE is an independent research paper between 3000-4000 words supervised by a teacher, it must show analysis and critical thinking rather than just reporting information, and has strict guidelines and criteria for structure, citations, and argument that must be followed. The document aims to help students understand the requirements and successfully complete an EE.
Synopsis is the gist of your planned project submitted for approval from competent authorities. It gives a panoramic view of your research for quick analysis by the reviewers.
This document provides guidance for individuals considering pursuing a PhD after completing a master's degree. It outlines important factors to consider in deciding if a PhD is the right path, including having a clear motivation and career plans that require a PhD. The document also offers advice on choosing a suitable research topic, institution, and supervisor, as well as tips for strengthening a PhD application, such as using one's master's dissertation as a pilot study. Key parts of developing a competitive research proposal are also reviewed.
The document discusses biological research challenges, the student-supervisor relationship, and the process of publishing research. It notes that biological research is becoming more collaborative, multi-disciplinary, and data-driven. A key to success is developing research skills and the ability to integrate knowledge across areas. The relationship between students and supervisors should be collaborative, with clear expectations and responsibilities set for progress monitoring, guidance, and addressing issues. Publishing research is important for impact. Authors should choose reputable journals and write clearly and concisely, following publication guidelines and ethics. The peer review process often initially rejects manuscripts, so authors should consider reviewer feedback to improve their work prior to resubmission.
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Thesis writing
1. Professor Dr. Md. Abdul Wohab Khan
MBBS, FCPS
Professor and Head
Department of Surgery
Anwer Khan Modern Medical College
And
A learner in ‘Medical education’
2. Objectives
The participant will be able to
o Describe what are the purposes of writing an academic thesis
o How to write a thesis proposal
o What are the component of a thesis
o What are the steps of thesis work
o How to write a thesis
o How to defend a thesis
3. • Both are
o Written report of supervised research at the institute level
o A Primary publication of the candidate’s independent research
o Contains and presents candidates own findings --
Which are critically analyzed with scientific informations from other
sources
4. Is there any difference between the two?
• Practically NO!
• Both are research work and submitted for attaining a higher
degree.
But
• Medical education needs ----
o ‘Production of the producers’ i.e. Teacher - with a wide range of scholarly work
And
o ‘Production for the users’ i.e. service providers - with less extensive works to train them for an
evidence based practice.
5. Difference between --
• In UK
o Dissertation is for diploma, undergraduate or First Master’s degree
o Thesis is for MPhil/PhD
• In USA (Just opposite !!!!!!)
o Thesis is for diploma, undergraduate or Master’s degree (usually two
years)
o Dissertation is for PhD level (usually 3-6 years)
o Dissertation is much more extensive work and often called ‘Doctoral
dissertation’
• In some universities, dissertation and thesis are seen
as the same thing
6. Why it is a prerequisite for fellowship, masters
and PhD programs ?
To use this excellent learning experience as a tool for
‘learning to learn’
• To familiarize the student with the steps of research,
• To promote critical and analytical thinking
• To provide an experience in scientific writing and
• To contribute to knowledge.
7. Other learning objectives
o To develop a skill to find out the literature
o To demonstrate the appropriate depth and breadth of knowledge in the
discipline
o To develop the skill to evaluate the available information and thus ---
• To help them to adopt evidence based practice.
o To practice ethical application in professional life
o To think critically and creatively
9. Medical practice is complex and
unpredictable!
Needs -----
Best professional judgment –
o With a professional wisdom
• A complicated amalgam of
o Factual knowledge
o Procedural skill and
o Intuition
The exercise of academic research is to
learn, build up and develop the professional
wisdom
Benefits
10. Development of writing skill – a communication
• Communication among the scientific -
progress of science
• So the scientist should have
o A strong general writing skill
o An understanding of the convention of scientific writing and
o An understanding of the Reader’s expectation
11. All these are necessary to develop
a skilled professional -
o To methodically deal with the real
world problems and
o To find out the best possible
evidence-based solution
13. works
• Step 1- Start literature review
• Step 2 – Start working with
guide/Supervisor
• Step 3 –
Preparation, submission and
approval of the proposal
(all these must be completed
within 3m 1/4th of the total
time)
• Step 4 – Start data collection
• Step 5 – Start data
management and start
report writing
• Step 6 – Continue to finish
report writing
( must be completed within
8th m)
• Step 7 – Revision and
correction of the report
• Step 8 – Final
correction, editing and
submission
(must be within 10th month)
• Step 10 -- Writing thesis
derived articles
• Step 11 – Defending the
thesis
14. Step 1
Start literature search and review
• To select the problem
• To build up knowledge on the related issues
• To discuss with the supervisor for finalization
• Selection and working with the title
15. Step 2
Start working with the Guide
• Mind maps on
o Development of the research instrument
o Planning for pretesting
o Development of proposal draft
o Time line for submission for protocol
16. Protocol vs proposal
• Protocol – A written detailed scientific plan of the
study
• Proposal – A document written for obtaining fund
that contains
o Study protocol
o Budget
o Other administrative and supportive informations
17. Elements of a protocol
similar to that of a thesis a large fraction of the material
can be used for final thesis.
• Title page/ Cover page
• Abstract
• Table of contents
• Introduction
• Thesis/ problem
statement
• Approach/methods
• Preliminary/expected
results and discussion
• Implications of research
• List of references
• Work plan including time
table
18. Major Parts of the Thesis Proposal
• INTRODUCTION
o A short summary of the major questions behind the research, the context of
those questions within a larger academic framework.
• PROBLEM STATEMENT
o Describe in depth, and provide the background and particular context of the
problem in relation to the particular academic field.
• LITERATURE REVIEW
o Address the scope of research and list major findings.
• METHODOLOGY
o Describe what you plan to do, why you plan to do it, and how you are going
to go about doing it.
• BIBLIOGRAPHY
o A list of all source materials
19. Tips For Preparing the Proposal
• Give yourself plenty of time
o A good proposal needs around six months to prepare
• Complete a thorough literature review
• Communicate with your guide /supervisor
• Talk with the experts
20. Thesis work (plan)
Activities in
relation with
time
July’
11
Aug’
11
Sept’ 11 Oct’ 11 Nov’ 11
Dec.
11
Jan.’
12
Feb.’ 12 Mar’ 12 Apr.’ 12 May’ 12 Jun.12
Literature
review
Writing
Research
proposal
Development
of research
instrument
Data collection
Data entry and
analysis
Report writing
and editing
Submission of
report
22. The need for a standard
format
Thesis/dissertation is a weaving of theory and facts
that makes the fabrics of knowledge.
Marvin Harris said that
o ‘Facts are always unreliable without theory
and
o Theories without facts are meaningless’
So
o A logical structure reflects and clarify the relationship between
theory and fact of a research paper
23. Need for Consistency (in structure and the format)
• Variations distracts
o Reader have to spent more time and energy
• to understand and conceive the idea
and
o There is a possibility of misinterpretation
• Easy and short sentences
o writer’s intention will be best understood by most of the readers
26. Front matters
• Title page
• Declaration of
authorship
• Certificate or
forwarding of guide or
supervisor (omitted
after approval)
• Recommendation or
Approval for
acceptance
• Dedication (optional)
• Epigraph (optional)
• Frontispiece (optional)
• Acknowledgement (optional)
• Preface (optional)
• List of contents
• List of tables
• List of figures and
diagrams
• List of abbreviation
• Abstract
27. Title page
• Title of the study
• Students name, course name, session
• Institute name, place, month & year of
submission
28. Title page
• Title at the top
o extra space above and below,
o larger and bold face font than the other items of the page,
o ALL CAP or Capitalize Each Word
o 1.5 space between lines
o No abbreviations - everything in word
o All centered
o Name as recorded in the institute
29. QUALITY OF SUPERVISED RESEARCH REPORT
IN RELATION TO POSTGRADUATE MEDICAL
QUALIFICATIONS OF BANGLADESH
MMEd Thesis
By
Dr. Md. Abdul Wohab Khan
MMEd student (ME -7)
Centre for Medical Education (CME)
Mohakhali, Dhaka
Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences
Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU)
July 2012
30. Declaration
• Declarations made by the student
o Declaration of authorship
• Transition from student to scholar
o Declaration of the purpose
o Declaration of originality
o Authorization of property rights
2nd Page
31.
32. Declaration
This thesis is the document of my research work and was done under the guidance and
supervision of Professor ……………….., Professor Department of …………………,
Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka. I would like to emphasize that
the work is my original one. Due reference and acknowledgement are made clearly,
wherever others contributions are taken.
The work was done and submitted to the Centre for Medical Education Mohakhali,
Dhaka in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MMEd awarded from
Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University during the academic session 20…--
20…..
No part of this work has been submitted for any other degree under any other institution
or published anywhere for any purpose.
I authorize Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University and Centre for medical
Education to lend this thesis to other institutions or individuals for the purpose of
scholarly research. I further authorize the Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University
and the Centre for medical Education to reproduce this thesis by photocopying or by
other means, in total or in part, at the request of other institutions or individuals for the
purpose of scholarly research and for national and or international benefit.
Dated:
The 15th June, 2012 (……………………………..)
Centre for Medical Education MMEd student,
Mohakhali, Dhaka. Session: 2010-2012
33. 3rd page
Certificate of the Guide/Supervisor
Certification on the
o Originality
o Guidance and
o Other informations declared by the student.
This page can be omitted after final approval
34. Certificate
This is to certify that the thesis entitled “Quality evaluation of supervised research
report in relation to postgraduate medical qualifications of Bangladesh” and
submitted by Dr ……………….. for partial fulfillment of the MMEd degree from Center
for Medical Education awarded by Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University;
embodies original work done by him under my direct supervision.
PROFESSOR …………………………
Professor ……………………….
Department of ………………………….
Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University
Dhaka
36. Recommendation for Acceptance
Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University
Postgraduate faculty of Basic Medical Sciences
Dhaka, Bangladesh
We, the undersigned certify that we have carefully read and recommended to the faculty
of Basic Medical Sciences, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University for
acceptance of this thesis titled “Quality of supervised research report in relation to
postgraduate medical qualifications of Bangladesh” conducted by Dr Md Abdul
Wohab Khan for partial fulfillment of the MMEd degree from Center for Medical
Education during the session 2010-2012.
BOARD OF EXAMINERS
1. Signature……………………………………
Name:
2. Signature: …………………………………….
Name:
3. Signature: …………………………………….
Name:
4. Signature: …………………………………….
Name:
Approved on ---------------------------------
37. Dedication
This thesis is dedicated---
To my Parents for their care and support during the time I grown up and
developed myself.
To all of my teachers from primary to graduate level for teaching me to
accomplish any complicated task in step by step at a time.
To all educationist who have laid out the direction, tried to eliminate the blisters
and to open our eyes to understand the excellence of continuing education.
5th page (optional)
38. Epigraphs
“For you (God) subjected all that is in the heavens and on the earth, all from Him.
Behold! In that are signs for people who reflect”.
--- Surah Al-Jathiya, verse # 13 (Al Quran)
“Fear of the LORD is the foundation of true knowledge, but fools despise wisdom and
discipline” ---The Bible
“Educating the brain without educating the heart is not at all education”
---Aristotle
“Write for an open minded non-expert; write for him, he should be able to see your
argument not necessarily agree or disagree with it, but accept it.” ---Bob Dick
“It is common sense to take a method and try it. If it fails, admit it frankly and try
another. But above all, try something.” ---Roosevelt
6th page (optional)
39. Frontispiece
An illustration of a dissertation defense ceremony (Dissertation Leiden 1721)
Universiteits Bibliotheek Leiden (Breimer 2005)
7th page (optional )
40. Acknowledgement
All praise is upon the almighty -------------------------------------------------------------------
My heartiest gratitude and special honor to -------------------------------------------------------
Dr ……………………….. has contributed in every aspect of my total work; --------------
I would like to express my best regards to ---------------------------------------------------------
I am indebted to ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
My sincere gratitude to ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
I am also thankful to ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
It was my good luck to have opportunity to share and have valuable input from ------------
My heartiest thank to my entire course fellows of ------------------------------------------------
I should express my pleasure for the excellent academic environment -----------------------
and the administrative staffs for ----------------------------------------------------------------
I shall not forget the kind cooperation from -------------------------------------------------------
Finally I should thank my ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
All the flavor may have in this thesis is the credit of the numerous study subjects and my
ignorance must be the cause of shortcomings in this report.
Dated:
The 15th June, 2012 (-----------------------------------)
Centre for Medical Education MMEd student, -----------------
Mohakhali, Dhaka Session, -----------------------------
8th page (optional!)
41. Preface
This thesis was a dream to learn about the overall academic research and also to see the
criteria followed. The University of Dhaka has the guideline for thesis examination in
written (not published), the Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU)
and the Bangladesh College of Physician and Surgeon (BCPS) has their own style format
published in 2008 and 2009 respectively. As the guideline of the university of Dhaka for
the examiners are not published, probably most of the supervisors/guide or examiners and
none of the student are familiar with that.
If any one goes through more than one thesis/dissertation in any discipline; he will be in a
dilemma of the criteria of standard. Although the thesis/dissertation manual is not very
difficult to reach and follow, still the variation in consistency with style format is
alarming. The Institutes has got their own system of examination. How much the system
is working and how much the quality is assured this study will be able to focus on that
issue to some extent.
Evaluation of the institutional format and style consistency is prerequisite to assure the
quality. This thesis tried to highlight in this respect inspite of its all limitations. The effort
will be considered successful if much concentration is given to its pitfalls and usability is
tested with intelligent criticism.
Dated:
The 15th June, 2012 (…………………………)
Centre for Medical Education MMEd student
Mohakhali, Dhaka Session 2010-2012
9th page (optional)
42. 10th page
• Chapters (No. or Name)
o Contents (Name or Heading)
o Page no (In Romans or Arabic's)
List of contents
43. List of Contents
Content Page no
Declaration …. …. …. …. …. ii
Certificate …. …. …. …. …. iii
Recommendation for acceptance …. …. …. …. …. iv
Dedication …. …. …. …. …. v
Epigraph …. …. …. …. …. vi
Frontispieces …. …. …. …. …. vii
Acknowledgement …. …. …. …. …. viii
Preface …. …. …. …. …. x
List of content …. …. …. …. …. xi
List of tables …. …. …. …. …. xv
List of figures …. …. …. …. …. xvi
List of abbreviation …. …. …. …. …. xviii
Abstract …. …. …. …. …. xix
Chapter 1 1 – 17
Introduction …. …. …. …. …. 1
Background …. …. …. …. …. 3
Rationale …. …. …. …. …. 8
Research question …. …. …. …. …. 10
Objectives …. …. …. …. …. 10
List of variables …. …. …. …. …. 12
44. 11th page
List of tables
Contents Page no.
Table 1 Quality Chasms identified in the titles…. …. …. …. …. 61
Table 2 Flaws detected in Abstracts …. …. …. …. …. 63
Table 3 Weaknesses identified in the introductory chapter. …. …. 65
Table 4 Limitations identified in literature review…. …. …. …. 67
Table 5 Shortcomings in the methodology …. …. …. …. …. 69
Table 6 Type of problems detected in the result sections... …. …. 71
Table 7 Weaknesses identified in discussion …. …. …. …. …. 73
Table 8 Category of problems apparent in making conclusions…. 75
Table 9 Weaknesses of recommendation …. …. …. …. …. 77
Table 10 Defects found in citation …. …. …. …. …. 79
Table 11 Imperfection detected in presenting appendices… …. …. 81
Table 12 Problems detected in demonstration of innovation and creativity 83
Table 13 Flaws identified in physical format and overall get up …. 85
Table 14 The mean, median and mode of overall marks …. …. …. 87
Table 15 Distribution of marks scored in different sections. …. …. 88
45. List of Figures
Content: Page no.
Figure 1 The quality of title observed in the study. …. …. …. …. 60
Figure 2 The frequency of Abstract according to the quality …. …. 62
Figure 3 The quality of the introduction .... .... …. …. …. 64
Figure 4 The frequency of quality grades of literature review ... …. 66
Figure 5 The quality grade evaluated for the methodology sections.. 68
Figure 6 The quality grades on result …. …. …. …. …. 70
Figure 7 Frequencies of quality grades of the discussion sections…. 72
Figure 8 Distribution of quality grades detected in conclusion …. …. 74
Figure 9 Distributions of quality labeled on recommendations …. …. 76
Figure 10 Quality grades assigned to the citation …. …. …. …. …. 78
Figure 11 Frequencies of quality of appendices presentation …. …. 80
Figure 12 Level of innovation and creativity …. …. …. …. …. 82
Figure 13 Grading on general quality and physical format.... …. …. 84
Figure 14 Overall grading of the report …. …. …. …. …. 86
Figure 15 The alertness level of the candidates …. …. …. …. …. 89
Figure 16 Evidence of plagiarism …. …. …. …. …. 90
12th page
46. List of Abbreviation
AACU Association of American Colleges and Universities
APA American Psychological Association
BCPS Bangladesh College of Physicians and Surgeons
BMRC Bangladesh Medical Research Council
BSMMU Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University
G Grade (in this document G1 to G4 for quality grade were used).
GMER Global Minimum Essential Requirement
IIME Institute for International Medical Education
IRB Institutional review board
L2 Second language
LEO Literacy Education Online
MD Doctor of Medicine
MLA Modern Language Association of America
MHRA Modern Humanities Research Association
RCT Randomized Control Trial
TOT Training Of Trainer
USA United States of America
WFME World Federation of Medical Education
WMA World Medical Association
47. 14th page
Abstract
In any academic field the question of quality is central issue and the „fundamental
relationship‟ between assessment and learning quality needs to be expressed. Evaluation
of the quality in supervised research in medical education is very important in higher
education and teaching. The purpose of the supervised research project is to provide the
learner an experience in scientific writing, to familiarize the student with the steps of
research, to promote critical and analytical thinking of the learner and to contribute
something new to knowledge base. The objectives of the study were to determine the
quality in postgraduate supervised research report writing, according to the standard
commonly prescribed and implied by the post graduate medical institutes of Bangladesh.
A descriptive study was performed on 64 thesis and dissertation submitted during the
period of 2008-2010 in two selected post graduate institutes of Dhaka city. The overall
quality was less than marginal in 93.8% (60), marginal in 6.3% (4) of the reports. None
could be appraised as good or exemplary. It was evident from the study that there are
difficulties in learning and gap in fulfillment of the purpose of supervised research.
Weaknesses in supervision were also evident and theoretical knowledge gap in all level
could be assumed. There were also evidences that the prescribed standard were not
followed. To address these issues planning, designing, supervision and evaluation system
of supervised research in relation to the postgraduate medical qualification of Bangladesh
needs critical attention.
49. Chapter I
Introductory chapter
• Introduction
• Background(may have
subsections)
• Rationale or Justification
• Research question and or
Hypothesis
• Objectives
o General
o Specific
• List of variables
• Operational definitions
50. Chapter II
Literature review
• It is the research on research
o All over the world it is considered as the most important section !!!!!!
• Describe, summarize, evaluate and clarify the
informations so far known on the problem
• Build up theories on the problem
• Formulate the instruments and methods
51. Methodology or material
and method
• Study design or type of study
• Place of study with brief
description
• Study period
• Study population
• Sampling unite
o Sample size
o Sampling technique
• Selection criteria
o
o Species/strain ( other than human)
o Sources of materials (if necessary)
• Sample size estimation
• Sampling technique
o Inclusion criteria
o Exclusion criteria
• Grouping (if applicable)
52. Chapter III; contd.
• Data collection
o Data collection instrument
• Development
• Pretesting
• finalization
o Data collection procedure
(Detailed, if new or modified)
o Laboratory methods (if
applicable)
• Data management
o Processing
o Summarization
• Data analysis
• Limitation
• Quality control
• Ethical consideration
53. Chapter IV
Results
• You need not to randomly present every result found
• Present your concrete finding and result of your own research
• Must be pertinent and relevant to the specific objectives
• Are the Result and data same ???
o Result is the ‘statement of interpretation’ which is a translated finding from
summarized data
54. • Presentation should justify the ground created in --
o Introduction and literature review
o Leading to the answer to your research question
• Structure and organization should be readers friendly
• No scope for opinion
• A successful result section ---
o Well presented tables and figures
o Clarification with salient interpretation
55. Chapter V
Discussion
• It is the communication of the meaning of research outcome to the
readers
• A valid and interesting data may be spoiled if discussion is not organized
in logical way
• The target is to answer research question and to test hypothesis
• Future problems should be perceptible
• As it is a long section subheading may help the readers to understand
the analysis and interpretation of findings
56. Conclusion and
recommendation
• A good conclusion is reiteration of ‘what intended to found
and what was found’
• Main statement should be based on strongest evidence
• Others comment or result should not be there
• Should not be repetition of your result or discussion word for
word.
57. Back matters
• Reference list/Bibliography
(Although it is in back matter the pagination is continuous with the body)
• Appendices or annexure – instruments, work schedule, Maps etc.
• List of symbols and formulas (optional)
• List of pictures and plates (optional)
• Glossary of terms (optional)
√ Pagination in romans and continuous with the front matte
60. General guideline
• Defence should summarize the thesis
• Enough information on
o What you have done?
o Why you have done it?
o How you did it
o What you found; and
o What the implications of your finding
• Advisor must be satisfied
• Make sure all technical facilities working well
62. work to someone
that knows nothing
about your work.
The defense presentation's goal is to present the
highlight of your work to people that have already
read your document.
63. Only two things to
present !!!
What is known
And
What you have added
Don’t present
o Literature review
o References
o Acknowledgements and other optional things
o ‘Out line of my talk’ slide
64. Know your
audience/Examiners !!
• Prepare your slides– not more than 20 m
• Practice repeatedly
• Check the instruments – have back ups
• Review your thesis, forecast questions, prepare to answer – write
down the
• Introduce your work
• Justify
65. Final game !
• Justify your work means justify your conclusion
o Back up it with solid findings or references
o When in doubt Qualify or temper the inconclusive
statement rather to stretch on conclusion.
66. Questions
• Inquisitive
o Committee members expect more explanation to be satisfied
• Curious
o They simply wants to know more
• Hostile
o They are trying to explore the inadequacy
67. Answer
• Inquisitive question
o Answer question if you can
o Answer to best of your ability
o Never try more than you know
( You should know everything related to your research question but
not necessarily to know everything of the field)
o If the question is beyond the research scope –
• Answer if you know
• Or explain that you don’t know and it is beyond the scope of your area
• Allow advisor/Guide to step in !
68. Contd.
• Curious question
o Answer if you can
o It is good if you know and can show the relevance to your work
o Do not spent more time in an unrelated area
69. Contd.
• Hostile question
o Don’t let question get to you – remain professional
o If at all a committee member out to get you
o A conflict between two members
o Evidences of your weaknesses
Do not fake answer try to answer to best ability
Best if advisor rescue you
o If the things are pointed out wrongly – don’t go into confrontation – At best you can point out
the error
o If you are wrong admit it and move on as quickly as possible
70. After the Defence
• Record the notes and corrections prescribed by the
examiners
• Make necessary revisions for final aproval
• Acknowledge them accordingly
Editor's Notes
The writeup's goal is to present all of your work to someone that knows nothing about your work. The defense presentation's goal is to present the highlight of your work to people that have already read your document. Both are presentations of your work.