Its a Perfect Powerpoint Presentation For Bachelors and Masters Of Chemistry Students. It Covers All the Basic Portion and Syllabus Which you Want in a Presentation. So,Go For It Friends!!
Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA),principle of DTA, working of DTA, instrumentation of DTA, thermogram factors affecting DTA curve, advantages and disadvantages, applications of DTA, Thermogravimetry (TG),types of TG, principle of TG, working of TG, instrumentation of TG, thermogram of TG, factors affecting TG curve, advantages and disadvantages, applications of TG
DSC ( differential scanning calorimetry) is a thermo-analytical technique for qualitative and quantitative assessment of our analyte on the basis of heat provision and heat withdrawn from pan with compensation of both pans.
Its a Perfect Powerpoint Presentation For Bachelors and Masters Of Chemistry Students. It Covers All the Basic Portion and Syllabus Which you Want in a Presentation. So,Go For It Friends!!
Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA),principle of DTA, working of DTA, instrumentation of DTA, thermogram factors affecting DTA curve, advantages and disadvantages, applications of DTA, Thermogravimetry (TG),types of TG, principle of TG, working of TG, instrumentation of TG, thermogram of TG, factors affecting TG curve, advantages and disadvantages, applications of TG
DSC ( differential scanning calorimetry) is a thermo-analytical technique for qualitative and quantitative assessment of our analyte on the basis of heat provision and heat withdrawn from pan with compensation of both pans.
Slide covers three methods of thermal analysis i.e., thermogravimetry, differential thermal analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry. Thermal analysis methods are well-established techniques in research laboratories of pharmaceutical industry. Thermal analysis includes all methods measuring some parameter during the heating of a sample .Thermal analysis is widely used to study the thermal stability, char content, and decomposition temperature of polymer composites reinforced with natural/synthetic fibers/or nanosized fillers etc.
In DSC the heat flow is measured and plotted against temperature of furnace or time to get a thermo gram. This is the basis of Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC).
The deviation observed above the base (zero) line is called exothermic transition and below is called endothermic transition.
In thermogravimetric analysis, the change in weight in
relation to a change in temperature in a controlled environment is measured. Heat is used in TGA to force
reactions and physical changes in materials. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) is a reliable method to determine
endotherms, exotherms, measure oxidation processes, thermal stability, decomposition points of explosives,
characteristics of polymers, solvent residues, the level of organic and inorganic components of a mixture,
degradation temperatures of a material, and the absorbed moisture content of materials. Materials analyzed by
thermogravimetric analysis include explosives, petroleum, chemicals, biological samples, polymers, composites,
plastics, adhesives, coatings, organic materials, and pharmaceuticals.The thermogravimetric analysis instrument usually consists of a high-precision balance and sample pan.
The pan holds the sample
material and is located in a
furnace or oven that is
heated or cooled during the
experiment. A thermocouple
is used to accurately control
and measure the
temperature within the oven.
The mass of the sample is
constantly monitored during
the analysis. An inert or
reactive gas may be used to
purge and control the
environment. The analysis is
performed by gradually
raising the temperature and plotting the
substances weight against temperature. A
computer is utilized to control the
instrument and to process the output
curves.
The investigation of thermodynamic properties and reactivity yields interesting insights into the chemistry of newly synthesized substances. With thermal analysis extensive information can be gained from small samples (often only a few milligrams). In addition, the data obtained by thermal analysis can be used to plan and optimize a synthesis. Among the most important applications are identification and purity analysis, and the determination of characteristic temperatures and enthalpies of phase transitions (melting, vaporization), phase transformations, and reactions. Investigations into the kinetics of consecutive reactions and decomposition reactions are also possible. With the instruments available today such analyses can usually be performed quickly and easily. In this review the fundamentals of thermoanalytical methods are described and illustrated with selected examples of applications to low and high molecular weight compounds.
Slide covers three methods of thermal analysis i.e., thermogravimetry, differential thermal analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry. Thermal analysis methods are well-established techniques in research laboratories of pharmaceutical industry. Thermal analysis includes all methods measuring some parameter during the heating of a sample .Thermal analysis is widely used to study the thermal stability, char content, and decomposition temperature of polymer composites reinforced with natural/synthetic fibers/or nanosized fillers etc.
In DSC the heat flow is measured and plotted against temperature of furnace or time to get a thermo gram. This is the basis of Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC).
The deviation observed above the base (zero) line is called exothermic transition and below is called endothermic transition.
In thermogravimetric analysis, the change in weight in
relation to a change in temperature in a controlled environment is measured. Heat is used in TGA to force
reactions and physical changes in materials. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) is a reliable method to determine
endotherms, exotherms, measure oxidation processes, thermal stability, decomposition points of explosives,
characteristics of polymers, solvent residues, the level of organic and inorganic components of a mixture,
degradation temperatures of a material, and the absorbed moisture content of materials. Materials analyzed by
thermogravimetric analysis include explosives, petroleum, chemicals, biological samples, polymers, composites,
plastics, adhesives, coatings, organic materials, and pharmaceuticals.The thermogravimetric analysis instrument usually consists of a high-precision balance and sample pan.
The pan holds the sample
material and is located in a
furnace or oven that is
heated or cooled during the
experiment. A thermocouple
is used to accurately control
and measure the
temperature within the oven.
The mass of the sample is
constantly monitored during
the analysis. An inert or
reactive gas may be used to
purge and control the
environment. The analysis is
performed by gradually
raising the temperature and plotting the
substances weight against temperature. A
computer is utilized to control the
instrument and to process the output
curves.
The investigation of thermodynamic properties and reactivity yields interesting insights into the chemistry of newly synthesized substances. With thermal analysis extensive information can be gained from small samples (often only a few milligrams). In addition, the data obtained by thermal analysis can be used to plan and optimize a synthesis. Among the most important applications are identification and purity analysis, and the determination of characteristic temperatures and enthalpies of phase transitions (melting, vaporization), phase transformations, and reactions. Investigations into the kinetics of consecutive reactions and decomposition reactions are also possible. With the instruments available today such analyses can usually be performed quickly and easily. In this review the fundamentals of thermoanalytical methods are described and illustrated with selected examples of applications to low and high molecular weight compounds.
The techniques in which some physical parameters of the systems are determined and /or recorded as a function of temperature.
DSC is a thermal technique in which differences in heat flow into a substance and a reference are measured as a function of sample temperature while the two are subjected to a controlled temperature program.
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
Muktapishti is a traditional Ayurvedic preparation made from Shoditha Mukta (Purified Pearl), is believed to help regulate thyroid function and reduce symptoms of hyperthyroidism due to its cooling and balancing properties. Clinical evidence on its efficacy remains limited, necessitating further research to validate its therapeutic benefits.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/kqbnxVAZs-0
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/SINlygW1Mpc
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
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micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
Here is the updated list of Top Best Ayurvedic medicine for Gas and Indigestion and those are Gas-O-Go Syp for Dyspepsia | Lavizyme Syrup for Acidity | Yumzyme Hepatoprotective Capsules etc
ABDOMINAL TRAUMA in pediatrics part one.drhasanrajab
Abdominal trauma in pediatrics refers to injuries or damage to the abdominal organs in children. It can occur due to various causes such as falls, motor vehicle accidents, sports-related injuries, and physical abuse. Children are more vulnerable to abdominal trauma due to their unique anatomical and physiological characteristics. Signs and symptoms include abdominal pain, tenderness, distension, vomiting, and signs of shock. Diagnosis involves physical examination, imaging studies, and laboratory tests. Management depends on the severity and may involve conservative treatment or surgical intervention. Prevention is crucial in reducing the incidence of abdominal trauma in children.
Rasamanikya is a excellent preparation in the field of Rasashastra, it is used in various Kushtha Roga, Shwasa, Vicharchika, Bhagandara, Vatarakta, and Phiranga Roga. In this article Preparation& Comparative analytical profile for both Formulationon i.e Rasamanikya prepared by Kushmanda swarasa & Churnodhaka Shodita Haratala. The study aims to provide insights into the comparative efficacy and analytical aspects of these formulations for enhanced therapeutic outcomes.
1. Seminar on Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) And Differential thermal analysis (DTA) Presented By: Swapnil M. Sanghavi Roll no. 15 M. Pharm.- sem I Dept. Of Pharmaceutics, Nootan Pharmacy College, Visnagar. 1 Swapnil Roll no. 15 NPC, Visnagar
11. VERY RELIABLE, RUGGED AND VERY ACCURATE3 Swapnil Roll no. 15 NPC, Visnagar
12.
13. ISOTHERMAL (STATIC) TGA: Sample is maintained at a constant temperature for a period of time during which any changes in weight are noted4 Swapnil Roll no. 15 NPC, Visnagar
14. METHODOLOGY H2O (2.46mg) *Described by ‘thermogram’ of calcium oxalate monohydrate (CaC2O4.H2O) CO(3.84mg) 20 17.5 CO2 (6.02mg) weight 14 8 100 250 400 700 850 500 Temperature- Thermogravimetric analysis of calcium oxalate monohydrate heated at rate of 6̊̊ c/ min 5 Swapnil Roll no. 15 NPC, Visnagar
15. STAGE I: The water of crystallization (or hydration) is lost which corresponds to 2.46 mg(12.3%) eqlt. to 1 mole of H2O in temp range 100-250 c. 12.3% wt loss corresponds to 12.3% of the original formula wt of CaCO3H2O(fw=146), hence the product being lost has has a formula wt of 0.123*146=18, which corresponds to H2O. STAGE II: 1 mole of carbon monoxide is evolved corresponding to 3.84 mg (19.2%) in temp. range 400-500 c. Again, 0.192*146=28, which corresponds to carbon monoxide. STAGE III : Finally a mole of CO2 is evolved calcium carbonate that corresponds to 6.02mg (30.1%) in temp range 700-850 c. The wt loss is 0.301*146= 44, which corresponds to CO2. 6 Swapnil Roll no. 15 NPC, Visnagar
16. INSTRUMENTATION A Recording Balance 2) A Furnace 3) Furnace programmer or controller 4) A Recording Device 7 Swapnil Roll no. 15 NPC, Visnagar
19. NULL-POINT TYPE: Makes use of a sensing element which aptly detects any slightest deviation of the balance beam & provides the application of restoring force, directly proportional to the change in weight, thereby returning the beam to its original null point. The restoring point is subsequently recorded. DEFLECTION TYPE: Essentially based on either a conventional analytical balance consisting of helical spring, cantilever beam, and strain gauze or a torsion analytical balance involving the conversion of deviation directly into a record of wt change 10 Swapnil Roll no. 15 NPC, Visnagar
20. Sample holders: This is most important in accurate thermogravimetric analysis. Depending upon the nature of sample, its weight and quantity to be handled, different size and shape of sample holders known as crucibles are employed. These are constructed from various materials like glass, quartz, aluminium, stainless steel, platinum etc. These generally are of two types: (a) Shallow pan for holding samples which eliminates gas, vapours or volatile matter by diffusion during heating or. (b) Deep crucible for general purpose. 11 Swapnil Roll no. 15 NPC, Visnagar
21. Furnace Must be designed in such a fashion so as to incorporate an appropriate smooth input thereby maintaining either a fixed temp. or predetermined linear heating program. (e.g.- 6 c/min) Temperature control is achieved via a thermocouple mounted very close to the furnace-winding. Maximum operational temp. may be obtained using different thermocouple as indicated below: 12 Swapnil Roll no. 15 NPC, Visnagar
22. Furnace temperature programmer: o These are the controller which can provide gradual rise of temperature at a fixed rate. o This device has a coarse and fine control knobs through which desired temperature with respect to rate/ time can be obtained. o This controlling is done by increasing voltage through the heated element by motor driven variable transformer or by different thermocouples. 13 Swapnil Roll no. 15 NPC, Visnagar
23. Swapnil Roll no. 15 NPC, Visnagar 14 Factors affecting Thermogravimetric Results: (I)Instrumental factors: These include various aspects of instruments like furnace heating (its temperature and rate), recording of changes on charts (its speed), furnace atmosphere (its rate of cooling and maintaining temperature), sample holder and its geometry and the sensitivity of balance (II)Characteristics of sample: The important factors about the sample are: weight of sample, particle size of sample, nature of evolved gas or volatile matter, thermal conductivity of sample and the heat of decomposition of the reaction.
24. Applications of Thermogravimetry o Determining the purity and thermal stability of both primary and secondary standards. o Investigating the correct drying temperatures and the suitability of various weighing forms for gravimetric analysis o Direct application to analytical problems o Determining the composition of alloys and mixtures. Thermogravimetry is a valuable technique for assessing the purity of materials 15 Swapnil Roll no. 15 NPC, Visnagar
25. o Analytical reagents, especially those used in titrimetric analysis as primary standards, e.g. Na2CO3, KHP have been examined. Many primary standards absorb appreciable amounts of water when exposed to moist atmospheres. TG data can show the extent of this absorption, hence the most suitable drying temperature for a given reagent may be determined. o The thermal stability of EDTA as the free acid and also as the more widely used disodium salt. Na2EDTA .2H2O has been reported. According to that the dehydration of the disodium salt commences at between 110 and 125 c , which confirmed the view that Na2EDTA.2H2O could be safety heated to constant weight at 80 C. 16 Swapnil Roll no. 15 NPC, Visnagar
26. o Thermogravimetry may be used to determine the composition of binary mixtures. E.g. for Ca and strontium binary mixture. Here the decomposition temperature for CaCO3 is 650 to 850 C. Where for strontium carbonate the decomposition temperature is 950 to 1150C. Both carbonates decompose to their oxides with the evolution of carbon dioxide. Hence the amount of calcium and strontium present in a mixture may be calculated from the weight losses due to the evolution of carbon dioxide at the lower and higher temperature ranges respectively. o This method can also be extended to the analysis of a three component mixtures. o The most important applications of thermogravimetry is in examining the thermal stability of polymers. 17 Swapnil Roll no. 15 NPC, Visnagar
27. References Instrumental Methods of Chemical Analysis B.K.Sharma Page No. – m-308 Pharmaceutical Drug Analysis AshutoshKar Page No. - 194 18 Swapnil Roll no. 15 NPC, Visnagar
28. DIFFERENTIAL THERMAL ANALYSIS CONTENTS Theory Instrumentation Methodology Application 19 Swapnil Roll no. 15 NPC, Visnagar
29. THEORY The difference of temp. under estimation & a thermally inert reference material is continuously recorded as a function of furnace temp. in DTA. The measurement of changes in heat content is carried out by heating the two material at elevated temp. or cooling to subnormal temp. at a predetermined rate. The thermal effect may either be endothermic or exothermic and are caused by physical phenomena such as fusion, crystalline structure inversion, boiling, vapourisation, sublimation or others. Some enthalpic effect are also caused by chemical reaction. In this manner, endo- and exothermal bands and peaks appearing on thermogram give info, regarding the detection of enthalpic changes. The range of phenomena measurable during a DTA-run is much larger than in a TGA-run. TGA & DTA are complementary techniques, because the information obtained by the application of one approach is often enhanced by the application of other method. 20 Swapnil Roll no. 15 NPC, Visnagar
31. Swapnil Roll no. 15 NPC, Visnagar 22 METHODOLOGY Insert a very thin thermocouple into a disposable sample tube 2mm in diameter and containing 0.1-10 mg of sample. Another identical tube is either kept empty or filled with reference substance, such as quartz, sand, alumina or alundum powder. The two tubes are simultaneously inserted into a sample block and subsequently heated(or cooled) at uniform predetermined programmed rate. And DTA- being a dynamic process, it is extremely imp that all aspects of the technique must be thoroughly standardized so as to obtain reproducible results. Such aspects are, -pretreatment of specimen, -particle size & packing of specimen, -dilution of the specimen, -nature of inert diluent, -crystalline substances must be powdered and sieved thru 100 mesh sieve, -micelle size is critical for colloidal particle and – adequate control of atmosphere.
32. Swapnil Roll no. 15 NPC, Visnagar 23 INSTRUMENTATION 1)Sample holder with built-in thermocouple assembly 2)Flow-control system 3)Furnace assembly 4)Preamplifier & Recorder 5)Furnace power programmer and controller
33. Swapnil Roll no. 15 NPC, Visnagar 24 (1)Sample Holders: Both metallic as well as non-metallic materials are employed for the fabrication of sample holders. Metallic materials generally include nickel, stainless steel, platinum and its alloys. Non- metallic material generally includes glass, vitreous silica or sintered alumina. Metallic holders give rise to sharp endotherms and flat endotherms. On the other hand non-metallic holders yield relatively sharp endotherms and flat exotherms.
34. Swapnil Roll no. 15 NPC, Visnagar 25 (2)Furnace: o In DTA apparatus, one always prefers a tubular furnace. o This is constructed with an appropriate material (wire or ribbon) wound on a refractory tube. o Such furnaces possess the desired characteristics for good temperature regulation and programming. o These are fairly inexpensive. Generally, the choice of the resistance material as well that of refractory is decided from the intended maximum temperature of operation and gaseous environments.
35. Swapnil Roll no. 15 NPC, Visnagar 26 Temp. controller In order to control temperature, the three basic elements are required. -Theses are sensor, control element and heater. On-off Control- In this device, if the sensor-signal indicates the temperature has become greater than the set point, the heater is immediately cut off. Not used in DTA. Proportional control – In on-off controllers there occurs fluctuatations of temperature around the set value. These can be minimized if the heat input to the system is progressively reduced as the temperature approaches the desired value. Such a controller that anticipates the approach to the set value is known as a proportional controller.
36. Swapnil Roll no. 15 NPC, Visnagar 27 (4) Recorders – In thermo analytical studies, the signal obtained from the sensors can be recorded in which the signal trace is produced on paper or film, by ink, heating stylus, electric writing or optical beam. There are two types of recording devices similar to the TG.- one is deflection type and other is null type.
37. Swapnil Roll no. 15 NPC, Visnagar 28 APPLICATION (a) Identification of substances – We know that the DTA curve for two substances is not identical. Therefore, these serve as finger prints for various substances. Particularly, DTA has become an established technique for the identification of clays. (b) Identification of products – When a substance reacts with another substance, the products is identified by their specific DTA curves. Therefore, this technique has been termed ‘reaction DTA’. (c) Melting points – As melting points can be easily determined by DTA, it means that this technique can be used as a direct check of the purity of the compound. (d) Quantitative Analysis – We know that the area of DTA peak is proportional to the total heat of reaction and hence to the weight of the sample. Therefore, the quantitative analysis is possible with the help of standard curves of peak area vs. weight. (e) Quality control – DTA technique has been widely used for the quality control of a large number of substances like cement, glass, soil, catalysts, textiles, explosives, resins etc.
38. Swapnil Roll no. 15 NPC, Visnagar 29 References Instrumental Methods of Chemical Analysis B.K.Sharma Page No. – m-318 Pharmaceutical Drug Analysis AshutoshKar Page No. - 198
39. Swapnil Roll no. 15 NPC, Visnagar 30 thank You What the caterpillar calls the end, Butterfly calls it the beginning