Unpacking the “Gender Box”: Identifying the Gender Dimensions of Your ResearchIFPRI Gender
This document provides an overview of key concepts and tools for conducting gender analysis in agricultural research and development projects. It defines common gender terminology and explains why gender differences are important to consider. The document outlines different levels of gender analysis from the individual to household to plot levels. It also discusses objectives for gender-sensitive programs, strategies to measure women's empowerment, and resources for further gender analysis.
What's measured, matters: Lessons from the WEAI - GAAP2 Inception WorkshopIFPRI Gender
An inception workshop for the Gender, Agriculture & Assets Project Phase 2 (GAAP2) titled Developing Project-Level Indicators to Measure Women’s Empowerment was held in January 2016.
In this presentation, Agnes Quisumbing of IFPRI introduces the Women's Empowerment in Agriculture Index (WEAI). The presentation covers the scope of the WEAI, its relevance, the indicators that make up the index, its uses and its criticisms.
WEAI Seminar for IFPRI Malawi June 12, 2019 IFPRIMaSSP
The document discusses the Women's Empowerment in Agriculture Index (WEAI), which measures women's empowerment and inclusion in the agricultural sector. It provides an overview of the evolution of the WEAI, including the development of a project-level version (pro-WEAI) to better measure outcomes of specific agricultural development programs. The document also summarizes key learnings from quantitative analyses showing relationships between women's empowerment and nutrition outcomes, as well as lessons from qualitative research validating and contextualizing pro-WEAI findings.
Evaluating the impacts of livestock microcredit and value chain programs on w...ILRI
This study evaluated the impacts of livestock microcredit and value chain programs on women's empowerment in Kenya using the Women's Empowerment in Agriculture Index (WEAI). The study examined three case studies involving livestock value chains and microcredit programs. It found that different interventions contributed differently to women's empowerment, with some interventions empowering women from both female- and male-headed households equally while others disempowered women from male-headed households. The study also found that women's self-perceptions of their empowerment did not always match the measurements from the WEAI, highlighting a need to better align empowerment indicators used by researchers with those used by women themselves.
Tia Palermo's presentation on cash transfers and violence against women and children to UN Women's regional office and Promundo's Learning Dialogue Series in June 2020.
"Partnering for Impact: IFPRI-European Research Collaboration for Improved Food and Nutrition Security" presentation by Ruth Meinzen-Dick, IFPRI, 25 November 2013 in Brussels, Belgium.
Unpacking the “Gender Box”: Identifying the Gender Dimensions of Your ResearchIFPRI Gender
This document provides an overview of key concepts and tools for conducting gender analysis in agricultural research and development projects. It defines common gender terminology and explains why gender differences are important to consider. The document outlines different levels of gender analysis from the individual to household to plot levels. It also discusses objectives for gender-sensitive programs, strategies to measure women's empowerment, and resources for further gender analysis.
What's measured, matters: Lessons from the WEAI - GAAP2 Inception WorkshopIFPRI Gender
An inception workshop for the Gender, Agriculture & Assets Project Phase 2 (GAAP2) titled Developing Project-Level Indicators to Measure Women’s Empowerment was held in January 2016.
In this presentation, Agnes Quisumbing of IFPRI introduces the Women's Empowerment in Agriculture Index (WEAI). The presentation covers the scope of the WEAI, its relevance, the indicators that make up the index, its uses and its criticisms.
WEAI Seminar for IFPRI Malawi June 12, 2019 IFPRIMaSSP
The document discusses the Women's Empowerment in Agriculture Index (WEAI), which measures women's empowerment and inclusion in the agricultural sector. It provides an overview of the evolution of the WEAI, including the development of a project-level version (pro-WEAI) to better measure outcomes of specific agricultural development programs. The document also summarizes key learnings from quantitative analyses showing relationships between women's empowerment and nutrition outcomes, as well as lessons from qualitative research validating and contextualizing pro-WEAI findings.
Evaluating the impacts of livestock microcredit and value chain programs on w...ILRI
This study evaluated the impacts of livestock microcredit and value chain programs on women's empowerment in Kenya using the Women's Empowerment in Agriculture Index (WEAI). The study examined three case studies involving livestock value chains and microcredit programs. It found that different interventions contributed differently to women's empowerment, with some interventions empowering women from both female- and male-headed households equally while others disempowered women from male-headed households. The study also found that women's self-perceptions of their empowerment did not always match the measurements from the WEAI, highlighting a need to better align empowerment indicators used by researchers with those used by women themselves.
Tia Palermo's presentation on cash transfers and violence against women and children to UN Women's regional office and Promundo's Learning Dialogue Series in June 2020.
"Partnering for Impact: IFPRI-European Research Collaboration for Improved Food and Nutrition Security" presentation by Ruth Meinzen-Dick, IFPRI, 25 November 2013 in Brussels, Belgium.
This document summarizes the results of social protection programs in Africa that aim to reduce poverty through cash transfers. It finds that:
1) Government-run non-contributory cash transfer programs in Africa have tripled over the last 15 years, though overall coverage of social protection remains low.
2) Evaluations of cash transfer programs in 10 African countries find they significantly reduce poverty, improve food security and nutrition, increase spending on education and healthcare, and boost asset accumulation.
3) Cash transfers are found to have multiplier effects, stimulating broader economic activity at household and community levels without increasing inflation.
This document summarizes evidence from 35 studies on the impacts of 25 social safety net programs in 17 African countries on gender equality and women's empowerment. The studies show that social safety nets have the potential to improve women's wellbeing in domains like economic outcomes, empowerment, psychological wellbeing, and reducing gender-based violence. However, the impacts are not guaranteed and depend on program design features that the existing evidence does little to untangle. Significant gaps remain in understanding what design features drive impacts, measuring key outcomes at the individual level, conducting true gender analyses, and addressing region-specific contexts. Filling these evidence gaps is critical to strengthening social safety nets' contributions to gender equality in Africa.
The webinar, “Getting to Permanence: The Practices of High-Performing Child Welfare Agencies,” highlights the importance of prioritizing family relationships and ensuring children and teens in foster care have enduring connections to loving, nurturing adults in their lives.
This document presents a framework for understanding how gender influences resilience to climate change impacts. It discusses how men and women have different exposures, capacities, decision-making power, and outcomes due to factors like livelihoods, resource access, and social norms. Programs aim to strengthen women's resilience by improving access to climate information, boosting participation in natural resource governance, and facilitating more equitable household decision-making. Evaluating impacts on production, income, assets, labor, and well-being can reveal how resilience strategies differentially affect men and women. Integrating gender considerations into project design and implementation helps promote more transformative change toward gender equality.
Ashu Handa's (UNC) presentation at the Centre of Excellence for Development Impact and Learning's (CEDIL) project design clinic held in Oxford (UK) on 26 February 2020.
Using Gender Research In The Project CycleIFPRI Gender
IFPRI's gender research findings can inform various stages of the project cycle, including needs assessment, project design, implementation, and evaluation. Key findings include: (1) households do not always pool resources or share preferences, affecting targeting; (2) increasing women's access to and control over resources benefits families and agriculture; (3) project design features have gender implications requiring consideration. Paying attention to gender issues can improve a project's monitoring, performance, and development impacts.
Social protection programs aim to achieve multiple goals such as increasing school attendance, improving health status, and encouraging higher risk economic choices. They seek to increase households' ability to manage risk and contribute to economic growth. Common types of programs include social insurance, social assistance, and labor-based interventions. Many countries are increasingly adopting conditional cash transfer programs that provide assistance to poor families contingent on children's school attendance and healthcare visits. Effective social protection programs require adequate administrative capacity and coordination between implementing organizations.
The Impact of Zambia's Child Grant Program (CGP) on Child HeightThe Transfer Project
An examination of the effect of Zambias Child Grant Program on child height. The CGP is an unconditional cash transfer targeted at rural households with children under age 5.
In Spring 2013, we are on the precipice of dramatic, disruptive change in the health field that offers an unprecedented opportunity and challenge to transform health care and population health.
We know that traditional public health approaches along with more and better health care are not enough to improve health outcomes, equity, and cost. We must also:
- implement sustainable, fundamental "upstream" changes that address the root causes of disease and disability; and
- transform the way we deliver health care to ensure access to quality, affordable health care for all.
Enjoy this keynote presentation from Lalitha Vaidyanathan of FSG, which was presented at the 2013 Annual Leadership Conference, co-sponsored by the Center for Health Leadership (CHL) and the California Pacific Public Health Training Center (CALPACT) at UC Berkeley's School of Public Health.
To learn more about this event, please visit:
http://calpact.org/index.php/en/events/leadership-conference
Learn more about CALPACT:
http://calpact.org/
Learn more about the CHL:
http://chl.berkeley.edu/
Building Capacity to Improve Population Health using a Social Determinants of...Practical Playbook
The Practical Playbook
National Meeting 2016
www.practicalplaybook.org
Bringing Public Health and Primary Care Together: The Practical Playbook National Meeting was at the Hyatt Regency in Bethesda, MD, May 22 - 24, 2016. The meeting was a milestone event towards advancing robust collaborations that improve population health. Key stakeholders from across sectors – representing professional associations, community organizations, government agencies and academic institutions – and across the country came together at the National Meeting to help catalyze a national movement, accelerate collaborations by fostering skill development, and connect with like-minded individuals and organizations to facilitate the exchange of ideas to drive population health improvement.
The National Meeting was also a significant source of tools and resources to advance collaboration. These tools and resources are available below and include:
Session presentations and materials
Poster session content
Photos from the National Meeting
The conversation started at the National Meeting is continuing in a LinkedIn Group "Working Together for Population Health" and Twitter. Use #PPBMeeting to provide feedback on the National Meeting.
The Practical Playbook was developed by the de Beaumont Foundation, the Duke University School of Medicine Department of Community and Family Medicine, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and the Health Resources & Services Administration (HRSA).
2 Integrating Child Protection and Community Engagement, Sierra Leone, Kathle...The Impact Initiative
This document summarizes research in Sierra Leone that tested a community-driven approach to strengthening child protection. The intervention engaged communities to identify and address local child protection issues, focusing on reducing teenage pregnancy. This led to increased contraceptive access and use, stronger community-health linkages, and social effects like reduced school dropout. The approach influenced national child protection policy and showed the benefits of respecting both formal and informal systems through community-driven action.
Maja Gavrilovic explores how social protection programs target or include adolescents.
Presented as part of ALIGN's Social Protection, Gender Norms and Adolescence expert dialogue, held in London in September 2018.
In order to support country governments with informed programming for children at sub national level, UNICEF Kenya came up with unique way of representing data dealing with Child Rights – Child Deprivation Index and County Infographics for all 47 counties. The child deprivation index is an innovative way of measuring multi-dimensional poverty and rights deprivation for children by county. The child deprivation index and other data at county level were collated and used to generate county data sheets and infographics which were then presented to county governments. The Infographics present national and county indicators in thematic areas including demographics, education, water and sanitation, maternal and child health and HIV, nutrition and child protection.
Index of child deprivation developed based on 13 indicators in domains of health, education, and material wellbeing. Counties are ranked according to their level of deprivation, and their contribution to national child deprivation.
Link to the Conference: http://www.gisfortheun.com/about/index.html
On May 27 2021, the Child Protection and Gender sections at NYHQ and UNICEF Innocenti organised an internal webinar on UNICEF’s Strategy Paper on the Gender Dimensions of Violence against Children and Adolescents in which over 200 UNICEF colleagues from regional and country levels participated. The webinar aimed to help participants learn more about the strategy paper and provided an opportunity to share ideas and recommendations for the implementation of priority actions in this area.
Identification and advocating for scaling partners: Integrating rights and li...ILRI
Presented by Elizabeth Waithanji at the "Expanding Livelihood Opportunities for Poor Households Initiative in East Africa (ELOPHI)" Sharing Forum at the Crown Plaza Hotel Nairobi, 20 August 2013
This document summarizes the results of social protection programs in Africa that aim to reduce poverty through cash transfers. It finds that:
1) Government-run non-contributory cash transfer programs in Africa have tripled over the last 15 years, though overall coverage of social protection remains low.
2) Evaluations of cash transfer programs in 10 African countries find they significantly reduce poverty, improve food security and nutrition, increase spending on education and healthcare, and boost asset accumulation.
3) Cash transfers are found to have multiplier effects, stimulating broader economic activity at household and community levels without increasing inflation.
This document summarizes evidence from 35 studies on the impacts of 25 social safety net programs in 17 African countries on gender equality and women's empowerment. The studies show that social safety nets have the potential to improve women's wellbeing in domains like economic outcomes, empowerment, psychological wellbeing, and reducing gender-based violence. However, the impacts are not guaranteed and depend on program design features that the existing evidence does little to untangle. Significant gaps remain in understanding what design features drive impacts, measuring key outcomes at the individual level, conducting true gender analyses, and addressing region-specific contexts. Filling these evidence gaps is critical to strengthening social safety nets' contributions to gender equality in Africa.
The webinar, “Getting to Permanence: The Practices of High-Performing Child Welfare Agencies,” highlights the importance of prioritizing family relationships and ensuring children and teens in foster care have enduring connections to loving, nurturing adults in their lives.
This document presents a framework for understanding how gender influences resilience to climate change impacts. It discusses how men and women have different exposures, capacities, decision-making power, and outcomes due to factors like livelihoods, resource access, and social norms. Programs aim to strengthen women's resilience by improving access to climate information, boosting participation in natural resource governance, and facilitating more equitable household decision-making. Evaluating impacts on production, income, assets, labor, and well-being can reveal how resilience strategies differentially affect men and women. Integrating gender considerations into project design and implementation helps promote more transformative change toward gender equality.
Ashu Handa's (UNC) presentation at the Centre of Excellence for Development Impact and Learning's (CEDIL) project design clinic held in Oxford (UK) on 26 February 2020.
Using Gender Research In The Project CycleIFPRI Gender
IFPRI's gender research findings can inform various stages of the project cycle, including needs assessment, project design, implementation, and evaluation. Key findings include: (1) households do not always pool resources or share preferences, affecting targeting; (2) increasing women's access to and control over resources benefits families and agriculture; (3) project design features have gender implications requiring consideration. Paying attention to gender issues can improve a project's monitoring, performance, and development impacts.
Social protection programs aim to achieve multiple goals such as increasing school attendance, improving health status, and encouraging higher risk economic choices. They seek to increase households' ability to manage risk and contribute to economic growth. Common types of programs include social insurance, social assistance, and labor-based interventions. Many countries are increasingly adopting conditional cash transfer programs that provide assistance to poor families contingent on children's school attendance and healthcare visits. Effective social protection programs require adequate administrative capacity and coordination between implementing organizations.
The Impact of Zambia's Child Grant Program (CGP) on Child HeightThe Transfer Project
An examination of the effect of Zambias Child Grant Program on child height. The CGP is an unconditional cash transfer targeted at rural households with children under age 5.
In Spring 2013, we are on the precipice of dramatic, disruptive change in the health field that offers an unprecedented opportunity and challenge to transform health care and population health.
We know that traditional public health approaches along with more and better health care are not enough to improve health outcomes, equity, and cost. We must also:
- implement sustainable, fundamental "upstream" changes that address the root causes of disease and disability; and
- transform the way we deliver health care to ensure access to quality, affordable health care for all.
Enjoy this keynote presentation from Lalitha Vaidyanathan of FSG, which was presented at the 2013 Annual Leadership Conference, co-sponsored by the Center for Health Leadership (CHL) and the California Pacific Public Health Training Center (CALPACT) at UC Berkeley's School of Public Health.
To learn more about this event, please visit:
http://calpact.org/index.php/en/events/leadership-conference
Learn more about CALPACT:
http://calpact.org/
Learn more about the CHL:
http://chl.berkeley.edu/
Building Capacity to Improve Population Health using a Social Determinants of...Practical Playbook
The Practical Playbook
National Meeting 2016
www.practicalplaybook.org
Bringing Public Health and Primary Care Together: The Practical Playbook National Meeting was at the Hyatt Regency in Bethesda, MD, May 22 - 24, 2016. The meeting was a milestone event towards advancing robust collaborations that improve population health. Key stakeholders from across sectors – representing professional associations, community organizations, government agencies and academic institutions – and across the country came together at the National Meeting to help catalyze a national movement, accelerate collaborations by fostering skill development, and connect with like-minded individuals and organizations to facilitate the exchange of ideas to drive population health improvement.
The National Meeting was also a significant source of tools and resources to advance collaboration. These tools and resources are available below and include:
Session presentations and materials
Poster session content
Photos from the National Meeting
The conversation started at the National Meeting is continuing in a LinkedIn Group "Working Together for Population Health" and Twitter. Use #PPBMeeting to provide feedback on the National Meeting.
The Practical Playbook was developed by the de Beaumont Foundation, the Duke University School of Medicine Department of Community and Family Medicine, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and the Health Resources & Services Administration (HRSA).
2 Integrating Child Protection and Community Engagement, Sierra Leone, Kathle...The Impact Initiative
This document summarizes research in Sierra Leone that tested a community-driven approach to strengthening child protection. The intervention engaged communities to identify and address local child protection issues, focusing on reducing teenage pregnancy. This led to increased contraceptive access and use, stronger community-health linkages, and social effects like reduced school dropout. The approach influenced national child protection policy and showed the benefits of respecting both formal and informal systems through community-driven action.
Maja Gavrilovic explores how social protection programs target or include adolescents.
Presented as part of ALIGN's Social Protection, Gender Norms and Adolescence expert dialogue, held in London in September 2018.
In order to support country governments with informed programming for children at sub national level, UNICEF Kenya came up with unique way of representing data dealing with Child Rights – Child Deprivation Index and County Infographics for all 47 counties. The child deprivation index is an innovative way of measuring multi-dimensional poverty and rights deprivation for children by county. The child deprivation index and other data at county level were collated and used to generate county data sheets and infographics which were then presented to county governments. The Infographics present national and county indicators in thematic areas including demographics, education, water and sanitation, maternal and child health and HIV, nutrition and child protection.
Index of child deprivation developed based on 13 indicators in domains of health, education, and material wellbeing. Counties are ranked according to their level of deprivation, and their contribution to national child deprivation.
Link to the Conference: http://www.gisfortheun.com/about/index.html
On May 27 2021, the Child Protection and Gender sections at NYHQ and UNICEF Innocenti organised an internal webinar on UNICEF’s Strategy Paper on the Gender Dimensions of Violence against Children and Adolescents in which over 200 UNICEF colleagues from regional and country levels participated. The webinar aimed to help participants learn more about the strategy paper and provided an opportunity to share ideas and recommendations for the implementation of priority actions in this area.
Identification and advocating for scaling partners: Integrating rights and li...ILRI
Presented by Elizabeth Waithanji at the "Expanding Livelihood Opportunities for Poor Households Initiative in East Africa (ELOPHI)" Sharing Forum at the Crown Plaza Hotel Nairobi, 20 August 2013
Measuring empowerment in agricultural development projects using WEAI and WELIILRI
Presentation by Alessandra Galiè, Elena Martinez and Agnes Quisumbing at the 2019 Agriculture, Nutrition and Health Academy Week, Hyderabad, India, 24–28 June 2019.
Scaling-up GBC Interventions Using Organization Barrier Analysis_Cloninger_5....CORE Group
This document summarizes a study on scaling up gender-based violence (GBV) interventions using organization barrier analysis. The study found that only 15% of organizations surveyed currently measure GBV in their child survival projects. Through a survey of 58 organizations, the study identified several significant determinants of GBV measurement: 1) perceived severity and prevalence of GBV in project communities and 2) perceived organizational capacity. Significant enablers included organizational leadership and knowledge/capacity building, while significant barriers included staff reluctance. The study implications call for further research on changing perceptions of GBV and informing organizations, as well as developing standardized GBV indicators and training materials to promote GBV measurement and response in child survival projects.
The Women’s Empowerment in Agriculture Index – What have we learned?IFPRI-PIM
This document summarizes efforts to improve the Women's Empowerment in Agriculture Index (WEAI) by discussing various studies and initiatives. It provides an overview of the different versions of the WEAI (original, abbreviated, project-specific, and value chain-specific) and how the index is constructed. It also shares key findings from applying the WEAI in multiple countries, such as workload and access to credit being common constraints. Additionally, it discusses preliminary results from a Philippines pilot that identify workload and group membership as top disempowerment factors. The document demonstrates how the WEAI can inform programming to empower women, using Bangladesh's ANGeL project as an example.
Rhiannon Pyburn, Illiana Monterroso, Hazel Malapit, Katrina Kosec, Ruth Meinzen-Dick, Jennifer Twyman, and Dina Najjar
POLICY SEMINAR
Crafting the Next Generation of CGIAR Gender Research
Co-Organized by the CGIAR Research Program on Policies, Institutions, and Markets and IFPRI
OCT 30, 2019 - 12:15 PM TO 01:45 PM EDT
The document discusses several gender analysis frameworks that can be used to assess how policies, programs, and projects differentially impact men and women. It describes frameworks like the Harvard Analytical Framework, Moser's triple roles framework, and Longwe's Women's Empowerment Framework. Each framework asks different questions to analyze factors like who does what work, who has access to and control over resources, and how interventions may affect gender roles, status, and responsibilities.
Evaluating the impacts of livestock microcredit and value chain programs on w...ILRI
Presentation by Elizabeth Waithanji, Jemimah Njuki, Edna Mutua, Luke Korir and Nabintu Bagalwa at a stakeholder workshop on "Integrating livelihoods and rights in livestock microcredit and value chain development programs for empowering women" held at the International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Nairobi, Kenya on 25 February 2013.
1) Social protection programs often target women with the assumption that they will spend cash in a more family-responsive way, however research questions whether welfare effects differ based on gender of the beneficiary.
2) Studies have found that cash transfer programs increase women's economic participation through savings and small businesses as well as their subjective well-being, while potentially decreasing intimate partner violence.
3) However, more research is still needed to understand if impacts differ based on the gender the cash transfer is provided to, as well as how to best measure and promote women's empowerment through these programs.
The document summarizes research on the impacts of cash transfer programs on gender dynamics. It finds that:
1) Cash transfer programs in sub-Saharan Africa often target women to achieve outcomes like improved child well-being, though evidence supporting this approach is mixed.
2) Evaluations of cash transfers' impacts on women's empowerment also show mixed results, depending on the indicators and contexts studied.
3) A study in Zambia found its Child Grant Program increased women's decision-making power modestly and their ability to save and engage in small businesses significantly, suggesting it had a subtle empowering effect.
What is Gender...??? Describe in detail. Gender And Sex..??? written By Rizw...Rizwan Hussainy
This document provides an overview of key concepts related to gender mainstreaming and equality, including:
1. It defines important terms like gender, sex, gender discrimination, and the differences between equality and equity.
2. It explains the shift from Women in Development (WID) approaches to Gender and Development (GAD) approaches, which focus on unequal power relations rather than just integrating women.
3. It describes the concept of gender mainstreaming as making women's and men's concerns integral to policies and programs, and outlines some of the myths and challenges related to implementation.
4. It also discusses related topics like gender needs, women's empowerment, gender planning, gender analysis, and gender-responsive
The Women’s Empowerment in Agriculture Index (WEAI): Quantitative and qualit...essp2
The document discusses the Women's Empowerment in Agriculture Index (WEAI) and its evolution over time. It began as a standardized measure of women's empowerment across five domains of agriculture. Projects wanted a more adaptable and shorter version, so the WEAI evolved into different versions like the A-WEAI and pro-WEAI to better suit project needs and include additional indicators like health and nutrition. The document also highlights lessons learned from qualitative research on how empowerment is understood locally and the relationships between various empowerment indicators.
This document discusses gender mainstreaming in development programming. It emphasizes that women's rights are human rights and discrimination based on sex is against international standards. Women are disproportionately impacted by crises and play a key role in promoting sustainability and resilience. Gender-responsive programming is important for three key reasons: it is the right thing to do from a human rights perspective; it works to increase agricultural output, GDP, education levels and reduce issues like high fertility rates and mortality; and diversity in the workforce improves performance, innovation and markets. The document provides guiding principles and considerations for applying a gender lens to programming.
Gender mainstreaming aims to promote gender equality by making women's and men's concerns an integral part of policymaking. It involves assessing how gender norms can affect development programs and identifying opportunities to address inequalities. Key aspects of gender mainstreaming include political commitment, building technical capacity, and establishing accountability measures to ensure the process transforms unequal power structures over time. The ultimate goal is to achieve equitable and sustainable development outcomes where both women and men can equally participate in and benefit from development.
There is growing global recognition that violence against women and violence against children, and in particular intimate partner violence against women and violence against children by parents or caregivers, intersect in different ways. As global evidence of and interest in these intersections continue to grow, strategies are needed to enhance collaborations across these fields and thus ensure the best outcomes for both women and children. In response, the Sexual Violence Research Initiative (SVRI), the UNICEF Innocenti – Global Office of Research and Foresight, and the UNDP/UNFPA/UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction hosted by WHO’s Department of Sexual and Reproductive Health, partnered to coordinate a global participatory process to identify research priorities that relate to the intersections between violence against children and violence against women.
While priorities are important, the way in which these priorities are determined is also crucial, especially for ownership, contextualization and use. Inclusive, participatory research-setting, such as used in this work, serves to promote a diversity of voices – especially from low- and middle-income countries which have historically lacked representation – and minimize the risk of bias when establishing research priorities.
This report describes the process used to determine the priorities for research on the intersections between violence against children and violence against women, and the top 10 research questions identified.
Ifpri gender work overview july 2010 revised finalIFPRI Gender
This document summarizes IFPRI's research on gender analysis and strengthening development policy from 1994-2010. It discusses two main tracks of research: 1) developing analytical methods to measure gender asset gaps and 2) evaluating interventions designed to increase women's control of assets. Key findings include that shocks like illness reduce women's asset accumulation more than men's, and interventions targeting technologies through women's groups increased women's assets more than those targeting individuals. The research emphasizes looking within households to properly evaluate development program impacts on women and men.
These set of slides were presented at the BEP Seminar "Targeting in Development Projects: Approaches, challenges, and lessons learned" held last Oct. 2, 2023 in Cairo, Egypt
Caitlin Welsh
POLICY SEMINAR
Food System Repercussions of the Russia-Ukraine War
2023 Borlaug Dialogue Breakout session
Co-organized by IFPRI and CGIAR
OCT 26, 2023 - 1:10 TO 2:10PM EDT
Joseph Glauber
POLICY SEMINAR
Food System Repercussions of the Russia-Ukraine War
2023 Borlaug Dialogue Breakout session
Co-organized by IFPRI and CGIAR
OCT 26, 2023 - 1:10 TO 2:10PM EDT
Antonina Broyaka
POLICY SEMINAR
Food System Repercussions of the Russia-Ukraine War
2023 Borlaug Dialogue Breakout session
Co-organized by IFPRI and CGIAR
OCT 26, 2023 - 1:10 TO 2:10PM EDT
Bofana, Jose. 2023. Mapping cropland extent over a complex landscape: An assessment of the best approaches across the Zambezi River basin. PowerPoint presentation given during the Project Inception Workshop, VIP Grand Hotel, Maputo, Mozambique, April 20, 2023
Mananze, Sosdito. 2023. Examples of remote sensing application in agriculture monitoring. PowerPoint presentation given during the Project Inception Workshop, VIP Grand Hotel, Maputo, Mozambique, April 20, 2023
This document discusses using satellite data and crop modeling to forecast crop yields in Mozambique. It summarizes previous studies conducted in the US, Argentina, and Brazil to test a remote sensing crop growth and simulation model (RS-CGSM) for predicting corn and soybean yields. For Mozambique, additional data is needed on crop cultivars, management practices, planting and harvest seasons. It also describes using earth observation data and machine learning models to forecast crop yields and conditions across many countries as part of the GEOGLAM program, though this is currently only implemented in South Africa for Africa. Finally, it mentions a production efficiency model for estimating yield from satellite estimates of gross primary production.
International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI). 2023. Statistics from Space: Next-Generation Agricultural Production Information for Enhanced Monitoring of Food Security in Mozambique. PowerPoint presentation given during the Project Kickoff Meeting (virtual), January 12, 2023
International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI). 2023. Statistics from Space: Next-Generation Agricultural Production Information for Enhanced Monitoring of Food Security in Mozambique. Component 1. Stakeholder engagement for impacts. PowerPoint presentation given during the Project Inception Workshop, VIP Grand Hotel, Maputo, Mozambique, April 20, 2023
Centro de Estudos de Políticas e Programas Agroalimentares (CEPPAG). 2023. Statistics from Space: Next-Generation Agricultural Production Information for Enhanced Monitoring of Food Security in Mozambique. Component 3. Digital collection of groundtruthing data. PowerPoint presentation given during the Project Inception Workshop, VIP Grand Hotel, Maputo, Mozambique, April 20, 2023
ITC/University of Twente. 2023. Statistics from Space: Next-Generation Agricultural Production Information for Enhanced Monitoring of Food Security in Mozambique. Component 2. Enhanced area sampling frames. PowerPoint presentation given during the Project Inception Workshop, VIP Grand Hotel, Maputo, Mozambique, April 20, 2023
Christina Justice
IFPRI-AMIS SEMINAR SERIES
A Look at Global Rice Markets: Export Restrictions, El Niño, and Price Controls
Co-organized by IFPRI and Agricultural Market Information System (AMIS)
OCT 18, 2023 - 9:00 TO 10:30AM EDT
Rice is the most consumed cereal in Senegal, accounting for 34% of total cereal consumption. Per capita consumption is 80-90kg annually, though there is an urban-rural divide. While domestic production has doubled between 2010-2021, it still only meets 40% of demand. As a result, Senegal imports around 1 million tons annually, mainly from India and Thailand. Several public policies aim to incentivize domestic production and stabilize prices, though rice remains highly exposed to international price shocks due to its importance in consumption and reliance on imports.
Abdullah Mamun and Joseph Glauber
IFPRI-AMIS SEMINAR SERIES
A Look at Global Rice Markets: Export Restrictions, El Niño, and Price Controls
Co-organized by IFPRI and Agricultural Market Information System (AMIS)
OCT 18, 2023 - 9:00 TO 10:30AM EDT
Shirley Mustafa
IFPRI-AMIS SEMINAR SERIES
A Look at Global Rice Markets: Export Restrictions, El Niño, and Price Controls
Co-organized by IFPRI and Agricultural Market Information System (AMIS)
OCT 18, 2023 - 9:00 TO 10:30AM EDT
Joseph Glauber
IFPRI-AMIS SEMINAR SERIES
A Look at Global Rice Markets: Export Restrictions, El Niño, and Price Controls
Co-organized by IFPRI and Agricultural Market Information System (AMIS)
OCT 18, 2023 - 9:00 TO 10:30AM EDT
This document provides an overview of the Political Economy and Policy Analysis (PEPA) Sourcebook virtual book launch. It summarizes the purpose and features of the PEPA Sourcebook, which is a guide for generating evidence to inform national food, land, and water policies and strategies. The Sourcebook includes frameworks, analytical tools, case studies, and step-by-step guidance for conducting political economy and policy analysis. It aims to address the current fragmentation in approaches and lack of external validity by integrating different frameworks and methods into a single resource. The launch event highlighted example frameworks and case studies from the Sourcebook that focus on various policy domains like food and nutrition, land, and climate and ecology.
- Rice exports from Myanmar have exceeded 2 million tons per year since 2019-2020, except for 2020-2021 during the peak of the pandemic. Exports through seaports now account for around 80% of total exports.
- Domestic rice prices in Myanmar have closely tracked Thai export prices, suggesting strong linkages between domestic and international markets.
- Simulations of a 10% decrease in rice productivity and a 0.4 million ton increase in exports in 2022-2023 resulted in a 33% increase in domestic prices, a 5% fall in production, and a 10% drop in consumption, with poor households suffering the largest declines in rice consumption of 12-13%.
Bedru Balana, Research Fellow, IFPRI, presented these slides at the AAAE2023 Conference, Durban, South Africa, 18-21 September 2023. The authors acknowledged the contributions of CGIAR Initiative on National Policies and Strategies, Google, the International Rescue Committee, IFPRI, and USAID.
Sara McHattie
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Ruth Meinzen-Dick (IFPRI)• 2018 IFPRI Egypt Seminar: “Women Empowerment for Revitalizing Rural Areas in Egypt”
1. Measuring Empowerment:
the Women’s Empowerment in Agriculture Index (WEAI)
and
project-level Women’s Empowerment in Agriculture Index
(pro-WEAI)
Ruth Meinzen-Dick, Agnes Quisumbing, Hazel Malapit, and Nancy Johnson
October 30, 2018
Tag us on Twitter: @A4NH_CGIAR
#proWEAI #A4NHResearch #GenderinAg
1
2. Reach Benefit Empower
Objective
Include women in program
activities
Objective
Increase women’s well-being (e.g.
food security, income, health)
Objective
Strengthen ability of women to make
strategic life choices and to put those
choices into action
Strategy
Invite women as participants;
reduce barriers to participation;
implement a quota system for
participation in training events
Strategy
Design project to consider
gendered needs, preferences, and
constraints to ensure that women
benefit from project activities
Strategy
Enhance women’s decision making
power in households and
communities; addressing key areas of
disempowerment
Indicators
Number or proportion of
women participating in a
project activity, e.g. attending
training, joining a group,
receiving extension advice, etc.
Indicators
Sex-disaggregated data for positive
and negative outcome indicators
such as income, assets, nutrition,
time use, etc.
Indicators
Women’s decision making power e.g.
over agricultural production, income,
or household food consumption;
reduction of outcomes associated with
disempowerment, e.g. gender-based
violence, time burden
2
3. Starting point: the Women’s Empowerment in
Agriculture Index (WEAI)
Developed by USAID, IFPRI & OPHI
Launched in 2012
Measures inclusion of women in the
agricultural sector
Survey-based index - interviews
men and women in the same
household
3
4. How WE(AI) define empowerment
The various material,
human, and social
resources that serve to
enhance one’s ability to
exercise choice
The capacity to define one’s own
goals and make strategic choices
in pursuit of these goals,
particularly in a context where
this ability was previously denied
The achievement
of one’s goals
Agency
Achieve-
ments
Resources
4
5. How communities understand empowerment
Economic means
Connections
Confidence
Help with labor
Active
Following social norms
“Lift the burden”
Well dressed
Good appearance
Admired
Taking care of oneself
Taking care of family needs
Taking care of others
Agency
Achieve-
ments
Resources
5
6. How is the WEAI constructed?
An aggregate index in two parts:
Five Domains of Empowerment
(5DE) (90%)
Gender Parity Index (GPI) (10%)
Constructed using interviews of
the primary male and primary
female adults in the same
household
6
7. Cross-country WEAI baseline findings: credit,
workload and group membership are constraints
across countries
0.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.25
0.30
0.35
0.40
Bangladesh
Liberia
Tajikistan
Ghana
Kenya
Honduras
Nepal
Zambia
Haiti
Malawi
Uganda
Rwanda
Cambodia
DisempowermentIndex(1-
5DE)
Leisure
Workload
Speaking in public
Group member
Control over use of income
Access to and decisions on
credit
Source: Malapit et al. (2014)
7
8. 50 countries: “off-label” WEAI adaptations
(Egypt use by ILO/Jpal Executive education course and ICARDA research)
8
9. What WEAI had ... What projects wanted
Women’s and men’s
empowerment across 5
domains in agriculture
Standardized measure,
internationally validated
Ability to diagnose
empowerment gaps
More adaptability to project
context
Attention to domains related to
health and nutrition
Issues of intrahousehold harmony,
mobility, control of income from
projects, domestic violence
Shorter interview time
Develop a “Project-level” WEAI (pro-WEAI)
• Working with 13 agricultural development projects
• Drawing on qualitative and quantitative data
9
17. Local understandings of empowerment
Common elements
Difficulty in translating “empowerment”
“emancipated”, “admired”, “dignified”, “lift
up”, “enable”
Economic status:
Taking care of oneself and family needs
Well dressed, good appearance
Relational, not individualistic:
Taking care of others (family and community)
Having means or status to do so,
connections,
Not power over (especially not over men)
Differences, tensions
Ambivalence of men, women to empowered
women
“Lift the burden” vs threat to men
Following social norms, ideals of femininity
(“submissive”) vs Strong, able (sometimes
stand against norms)
Age (young and old)
17
18. Time as a tether: workload limits mobility, income generating ability
Lack of transport (asset) limits mobility, income generation
Intrahousehold relationstrustmobilityincome generation
Group membership requires mobility, time, support of husbands, family
Income generation supports greater decision-making (and vice versa)
Nepal: whether women hide income, assets depends on autonomy, intrahousehold
relations
“Male dominance over information was pointed out when answers were provided
about things such as cell phone ownership, the person to whom extension workers
talk, the consent of whom to look for before traveling, the ownership and access
to means of transportation, and topics covered by extension workers when they
visit villages. This access and control over information is facilitated by men’s
status as owners of resources.“ (Worldveg, Mali)
Interconnections between indicators
18
19. Unpacking “jointness” in decision-making
Not just spouses, but extended families (in-laws, co-wives, natal family)
Final say vs Consultation vs Influence behind the scenes
Women exercise more decision-making on small livestock, assets, income; Men on larger
Showing “respect”, not challenging masculinities may affect answers (including on
survey)
Women may not want sole decision-making responsibility
“The down side of women's control over their own income is that if they have too much
and do not help others they are said to be witches or to be engaging in prostitution or
other inappropriate behavior” (Trias study of Maasai in Tanzania)
19
20. How projects affect empowerment
Multiple pathways to empowerment: projects could:
Give women something that enables them to increase income, take care of others
Train women—increase skills, confidence, capacities
Affect social norms (including on domestic violence)
(check for validation of project strategies and TOC)
Does the mechanism by which women get the means of empowerment matter?
22
21. Join our community of practice!
weai.ifpri.info
Tag us on Twitter: @A4NH_CGIAR
#proWEAI #A4NHResearch #GenderinAg
23
Editor's Notes
Thank you, Ruth.
If we want our projects to provide opportunities to empower women, which means we need metrics to be able to track progress, what tool do we use? This led us to our starting point.
In 2012, we launched the Women’s Empowerment in Agriculture Index, and this was a tool that was co-developed by USAID, IFPRI and the Oxford Poverty and Human Development Initiative.
It was originally designed as a monitoring and evaluation tool for Feed the Future to measure the inclusion of women in the agricultural sector.
This tool is a survey-based index, so it is embedded in population-based surveys, and interviews men and women in the same household.
In the WEAI, we focus on the Agency measures, which are often operationalized in terms of decision-making.
Why? Because when the WEAI was developed, we already had indicators, methodologies, and tools that measured resources and measured achievements. We know how to measure different types of resources, physical capital, human capital, social capital. We know how to measure achievements like yields, profits, expenditures, nutritional status. So we know how to do those things, better than we know how to measure agency.
So there was a deliberate decision to focus on agency in the WEAI.
What was really interesting was that in our qualitative work, we found that women’s and men’s own understandings of empowerment echoed these three dimensions. So we thought this framework was really in line with what we’re hearing from the communities themselves.
One key insight that we draw from these preliminary findings was that empowerment was not just about the woman herself, instead an empowered woman is someone who can take care of others.
So it’s not just about the woman, it goes beyond her.
Bangladesh had lowest empowerment, used the results as diagnostic, designed programs, had large increases in empowerment
Then, WEAI went viral. There has been so much interest in this new tool for measuring empowerment that we were frankly quite surprised at how quickly other organizations and projects took this up.
Users looked at the tools and started adapting them and modifying them and tried to implement them in their own projects.
While this was quite exciting, and really showed that there was a huge demand for metrics on empowerment that projects can use, it also meant that it became very difficult to compare and synthesize lessons across different project settings.
All versions of WEAI measure three types of agency.
The first type of agency is Power Within, or Intrinsic Agency. Power Within reflects a person’s internal voice, self-respect, or self-confidence.
The second type of agency is Power To, or Instrumental Agency. This is a person’s ability to make decisions in their own best interest.
The third type of agency is Power With, or Collective Agency. This is the power we get from acting together with others. So women acting together as a collective have a different type of power than a woman acting alone.
There is a fourth type of agency in the empowerment literature that is not reflected in the WEAI, which is Power Over. Power Over is often associated with negative expressions of power like coercion and dominating others. In our qualitative work, we found that Power Over was viewed negatively by local communities, and was not reflected in their own understandings of empowerment.
For these reasons we exclude Power Over in pro-WEAI.
In pro-WEAI what we have done is to make these links to the empowerment literature more explicit, and so these three types of agency are now our three domains: Intrinsic Agency, Instrumental Agency, and Collective Agency.
For pro-WEAI, we have 12 indicators of empowerment across 3 domains.
[PAUSE here for audience to look over slide]
We talked a bit about how pro-WEAI is a direct descendant of the original WEAI, so 7 out of the 12 indicators build on the original WEAI indicators with some changes.
For example:
In the Intrinsic Agency domain, we changed the old “autonomy in production” indicator from WEAI to focus exclusively on the use of income.
For the production and asset decision-making indicators in the Instrumental Agency domain, we use stricter cutoffs for adequacy, so you need more input in those decisions to be adequate.
We renamed the old “workload” indicator to “work balance,” to better reflect the broad definition of work used in the indicator, which includes both market and non-market primary work activities and childcare as a secondary activity.
Group membership is the only indicator that has remained completely unchanged from the original WEAI.
Now, 5 of the 12 pro-WEAI indicators are new, based on what projects said they wanted in this measure:
Under intrinsic agency we have Self-efficacy, Attitudes about domestic violence, and Respect among household members.
Attitudes about domestic violence is particularly important because often we are concerned that our projects have the risk of doing harm in the form of increased violence against women. This indicator helps us to quantify this backlash by tracking whether there is increased tolerance of domestic violence.
Under Instrumental Agency, we have mobility or Visiting important locations, such as markets and NGO training centers.
Under Collective Agency, we have Membership in influential groups which augments the group membership indicator.
The last piece of the puzzle is the overall empowerment cutoff – how many of the indicators and domains should a woman achieve to be considered empowered?
Unlike the original WEAI, which had 5 equally-weighted domains, in the pro-WEAI we have 12 equally-weighted indicators.
In the original WEAI, a person was considered empowered if they were adequate in 80% or more of the indicators. We’ve adopted a similar, but slightly lower cutoff in pro-WEAI, due to the changes in the domain structure.
In pro-WEAI, a person is considered empowered if they are adequate in 75% or more of the indicators, or 9 out of 12 indicators.
Let me end with some results, to give you a flavor of we can get out of pro-WEAI.
This chart summarizes the extent of disempowerment among women and among men, which is the length of the bars.
The gap between the two bars shows us the empowerment gap between women and men overall – so as expected, women are more disempowered.
The colors within the bars, represent the how each of the indicators contribute to that disempowerment. So the bigger the area, the more important it is in constraining women’s empowerment and men’s empowerment.
Interestingly, despite that gap between women and men, we find that the top 2 contributors to disempowerment are the same for both women and men, which is around Collective Agency: Group membership, and Membership in influential groups.
Visiting important locations and respect among household members are large contributors to disempowerment for women but not for men. This suggests that interventions to empower women might focus on improving mobility and relationships in the household.
Now these indicators are both new to pro-WEAI, so the original WEAI would have missed these important aspects of empowerment.
So that, in a nutshell, is what pro-WEAI is about. The next question is: if you are working on a nutrition-sensitive agricultural project, what else do you need to measure?
For that let’s hear from Jessica, who will talk about the Health and Nutrition add-on module.
Some women were able to use social support through groups to deal with abuse. Ranjana Mahato (Nepal) shared that when her husband had beaten her while going to one of the group meetings, the group members had come to her house and humiliated her husband for doing so which ultimately gave her courage to resist the violence and abuse perpetrated by her husband.
It would be nice if we can find one that is a positive statement on how empowered women are able to take advantage of project benefits (and how the projects create or support empowerment).
At the bottom of each page, there is a sign up for the WEAI mailing list. You can sign up here to receive email updates from the WEAI Community of Practice. (This list sends you an email automatically when a new item is added to our front page news feed.)