This document discusses various visual elements used in art including line, shape, space, mass, and perspective. It defines line types such as actual, implied, contour, and gestural lines. It explores shape categories like geometric, organic, positive, negative, and amorphous shapes. Perspective techniques covered include linear perspective with vanishing points, orthogonal lines, and atmospheric perspective which uses techniques like size and color to convey depth.

1. Visual Elements

3. LINELine types

4. Actual

5. Implied

6. Line in Two-dimensional Art

7. Line in Three-dimensional ArtLine Variations. a. Actual line.

10. IMPLIED LINEA series of points that the eye recognizes as a line; a perceived line where areas of conrasting color or texture meet.

11. Line Variations. b. Implied line.

12. Line Variations. c. Actual straight lines and implied curved line.

15. Marc Chagall. I and the Village. 1911.75 5/8" x 59 5/8".

16. GESTURAL LINELine that conveys the energy of the artist’s hand as it moves across the drawing surface.

17. Line Variations. h. Dance of curving lines.

24. CONTOUR LINEAn actual line or implied line that defines the outer limits of a three dimensional object or two-dimensional shape; used synonymously with “outline”.

39. SHAPEGeometric or Organic

40. Figure and Ground

41. Positive and Negative Shape

42. Amorphous Shape

43. Three-dimensional ShapeGeometric Shapes

44. Organic Shape

45. Amorphous (irregular) shape

46. POSITIVE SHAPEA dominant shape on a ground.

47. NEGATIVE SHAPEA shape “left over” or around a dominant shape.

54. Figure (or ground) can be either dark or light…

55. FIGUREA shape on a background.

56. GROUNDA background on which marks, shapes, or figures are placed.

57. Figure- Ground Confusion

66. MASS and VOLUMEMass: the physical bulk

67. Volume: the measurable area that an object occupies

68. Mass and volume can be actual or impliedMASSAn actual or illusory three-dimensional bulk.

69. VOLUMEThe measurable area that an object occupies-its height, width, and depth.

74. Actual SpaceThe Psychology of Space

75. Architectural Space

76. Interior Spaces

77. Artifacts within SpacesActual SpaceThree-dimensional Artifacts

78. In the Round

79. In Relief

80. Positive and Negative SpaceSPACEAn expanse of three-dimensionality in which objects and events occur.

83. Illusional SpaceIndicators of Illusional Space

84. Foreground, middle ground, and background

85. Size

86. Overlap

87. Transparency

88. PlacementILLUSIONAL SPACEThe appearance of depth, height, and width on a two-dimensional surface.

94. PERSPECTIVEThe illusion of space on planar surfaces, created by techniques for representing three dimensions on a two-dimensional surface.

95. Types of PerspectiveAtmospheric Perspective

96. Linear Perspective

97. One-point perspective