The document discusses Jaak Panksepp's model of the brain's emotional systems, known as the "triune brain". It describes seven core emotional systems - SEEKING, RAGE, FEAR, PANIC/DISTRESS, CARE/NURTURE, PLAY, and LUST - each of which is associated with different affective feelings and motivations. It also outlines Panksepp's three-level model of motor control in the brain - the neomammalian cortex, limbic system, and reptilian reflex system. Finally, it provides diagrams of the neurological pathways and structures involved in sensory processing and motor control.

1. THE TRIUNE BRAIN, EMOTION &
MOTION

3. Basic psychological criteria is that
emotional systems should be capable
of elaborating subjective feeling
states that are affectively valenced.
JAAK PANKSEPP

6. The SEEKING system in what Jaak Panksepp renames the
"appetitive motivational system", encourages animals to search
for resources such as food, water, warmth etc. Another
designator that he used to highlight its function was
curiosity/interest/foraging/anticipation/craving/expectancy
system.

7. The RAGE system energises the body to
angrily defend its territory and resources.

8. The FEAR system is the brain system that
includes a major form of trepidation that
commonly leads to freezing or flight.

9. The PANIC system is the one that generates feelings
of loneliness and separation distress. This is not to be
confused with the term panic meaning intense states
of fear. The existing evidence on the disorder known
as panic attacks involves this circuitry.

10. There are additional systems for:
Sexual feelings (LUST system)
Maternal feelings (CARE system)
Playful feelings (rough and tumble PLAY system)
Dreaming Sleep (REM system)
Deep Sleep (NREM system)
Wakefullness (WAKING system)
Clarity (CONFUSION system)
Addictions (ADDICTION & WITHDRAWAL systems)
Stress (LONG & SHORT TERM STESS Systems)
Awareness (CONSCIOUSNESS Systems)
Nutriton (FEEDING & THIRST Systems)

11. A TRIUNE MODEL OF MOTION:
1. NEOMAMMILIAN (Conscious motion)
2. LIMBIC (Habits)
3. REPTILIAN (Reflex)

12. What is a Reflex?

13. A Reflex motion occurs in
response to a sensory stimulus

14. SENSORY STIMULUS
SPINAL CORD / BRAINSTEM
THE CEREBELLUM
SPINAL CORD / BRAINSTEM
MOTOR RESPONSE

15. Reflexes can be categorised by the
type of sensory input:
•Vestibular
•Proprioceptive
•Somatosensory
•Auditory
•Visual
•Olfactory & Gustatory

17. Semilunar lobule
Gracile lobule
Biventeral lobule
Lateral
belly
Medial
belly
Tonsilla
Fo-Tu
Py
Uv
Nad
VMA Flo
Acc. Paraflocc

18. pons
Central lobule II & III
Culmen IV & V
Declive VI
4th ventricle
Folium VIIA
Tuber VIIB
Pyramis VIII
Uvula IX
Nodule X
Tonsil

19. I
II
III
IV
V
VI
VIIA
VIIB
VIII
IX
Secondary
fissure
Lingula
Central
lobule
Culmen
Declive
Folium
Tuber
Pyramis
Uvula
Nodule
Horizontal fissureIntercrural fissure
Ansoparamed f.
Prepyramidal
fissure
Posterolateral
fissure
Tonsilla
Vincingulum ligulae
Ala lobulus centralis
Anterior quadrangular lobule
Posterior quadrangular
lobule
Superior semilunar
lobule
Inferior semilunar
lobule
Gracile lobule
Biventral lobule: lateral belly
Biventral lobule: medial belly
Flocculus
Accessory paraflocculus
Anterior Lobe
Simple lobule
Ansiform lobule crus I
Ansiform lobule crus II
Paramedian lobule
Dorsal Paraflocculus
Ventral Paraflocculus
Flocculus

20. Vermis Int Hemisphere
Primary
fissure
A B C1 C2 C3 D
Simple
lobule
Ansiform lobule
Paramedian
lobule
Paraflocculus
Flocculus
Cerebellar nuclei
Anterior
lobe
Fastigial nucleus
Dentate nucleus
Emboliform nucleus
Globose nucleus
Lateral Vestibular nucleus
Superior vestibular nucleus
Medial vestibular nucleus
Inferior vestibular nucleus
Nodulus

21. Extremity areas of the motor
cortex
Corticospinal fibres
Ventral lateral nucleus of the
thalamus
Interpositothalamic fibres
Red nucleus
Decussation of superior cerebellar
peduncle
Interposito-olivary fibres
Accessory olivary
nuclei
Olivocerebellar fibres
Interpositospinal fibres
Ventral horn
Rubrospinal fibres
Lateral corticospinal tract
Interpositospinal tract
Rubrospinal tract
Olivocerebellar fibres
Posterior interposed (globose) nucleus
Intermediate
zone
Corticonuclear
fibres
Anterior interposed
(emboliform) nucleus
Hypothalamus
Ret.
for

22. Trunk area of motor cortex
Corticospinal fibres
Ventral lateral nucleus
of the thalamus
Accessory olivary
nuclei
Fastigio-olivary fibres
Vestibular nuclei
Fastigiovestibular fibres
Juxtarestiform body
Superior cerebellar peduncle
Uncinate fasciculus
Olivocerebellar fibres
Ventral horn
Fastigiospinal fibres
Lateral corticospinal tract
Medial vestibulospinal fibres in MLF,
to laminae VII, VIII
Medial vestibulospinal tract mainly to
laminae VII, VIII
Corticonuclear fibres
Olivocerebellar fibres
Fastigiospinal fibres
Medial vestibulospinal fibres
Lateral corticospinal tract
Lateral vestibulospinal tract
Vermal cortex
Fastigial nucleus
Fastigiovestibular fibres in
the juxtarestiform body
Ret.
for.

23. Trunk area of the
motor cortex
Ventral lateral
nucleus of the
thalamus
hypothalamus
Fastigiothalamic fibres
Superior cerebellar peduncle
Juxtarestiform body
Fastigiovestibular fibres
Vestibular nuclei
Fastigio-olivary fibres
Accessory olivary
nuclei (AON)
Olivocerebellar
fibresTerminate in
medial ventral
horn
Terminate primarily
in spinal laminae
VII, VII
Medial vestibulospinal fibres
in med. long. fasciculus
Fastigiospinal fibres
Lateral vestibulospinal tract
Flocculonodular lobe
Lateral
part of the
vermis
Medial part
of the vermis
Fastigial
nucleus
Ret.
For.
AON

24. C2
C3
C4
C5
C6
C5
C3
C2
C4
C2
C2-C3
C3-C4
C6
C8
C8
C7
T1
T1
T2
T2
T3
T5
T7
T9
T12
T10
T8
T6
T4
C5
C6
L1
L2
L3
L5
L4
S1
S2
L5
L1
L2
S3
S3
S4
Cx
V1-ophthalmic division
V
2-m
axillary
division
V3-mandibulardivision

25. Golgi tendon
organ (Ib)
Muscle spindle
afferent fibre
Extrafusal muscle
fibres
Intrafusal
muscle fibres
Hair follicle
receptors
Free endings
Meissner’s corpuscle
Merkel cells
Epidermis
Dermis
A- fibre
A- fibre (SA)
A- fibre (RA)
A- fibre (SA)
A- fibre
(RA)
C fibreA- fibre
(RA,SA)
Ruffini endings
Nuclear
bag fibre
Nuclear chain fibre
Muscle spindle
Secondary ending
fibre (II)
Primary ending fibre (Ia)
Tendon
Gamma motor
fibres

26. Dorsal columns
Dorsolateral
fasciculusLateral root
entry zone
A- fibre
Dorsal root
ganglion
C fibre
Ventral white
commissure
Anterolateral
system
A- fibre
A-α fibre
Dorsal
root
ganglion

27. Dorsal root
ganglion
II fibre
Ia fibre
Muscle
spindle
Capsule
Skeletal muscle
(extrafusal fibres)
Nuclear chain intrafusal fibre
Nuclear bag intrafusal fibre
Gamma motor fibres:
static
dynamic
Peripheral nerve
Alpha motor fibre

28. Midsaggital Line
Angle at which the plane of
the anterior semicircular duct
crosses the midsaggital line
Cochlear
Anterior
Semicircular ducts:
Horizontal
Posterior
Internal Acoustic
Meatus
Cochlear Nerve
Vestibular Nerve
Vestibulocochlear
nerve (VIII)
Foramen Magnum

29. A
B
Anterior
Semicircular
Canal
Posterior
Semicircular
Canal
Horizontal
Semicircular
Canal
Plane of Saccule
Plane of
horizontal canal
and utricle
Naso-
occipital
plane
60
30
90
Horizontal
semicircular
canal
Anterior
semicircular
canal
Posterior
semicircular
canal
Foramen
Magnum
Temporal
bone
Anterior
canal
plane
Posterior
canal
plane

30. Striola
Otoconia
Otolith membrane
Receptor cell
Kinocilium
Gravity
Utricular Maculae
Resting Resting
ExcitationInhibition
InhibitionExcitation
Left tilt
Right tilt
Ocular
counteroll

31. Cerebellum
Juxtarestiform body
Accessory
optic
system
Fastigal
neuronsPurkinje
cells
Superior vestibular nucleus
Lateral vestibular nucleus
Medial vestibular nucleus
Inferior vestibular nucleus
Spinal Cord
Commissural fibres
Cranial
nerve VIII
Scarpa’s
ganglion
Cell group Y
Otolith organs

32. Superior orbital fissure
Long ciliary nerves
Trigeminal nerve & ganglion
Carotid plexus on
internal carotid artery
Skull
Dilator pupillae
muscleCiliary
muscle
Superior cervical ganglion
Sympathetic division
Intermediolateral gray
T1-T3
B
C
A

33. Extrastriate cortex
Striate cortex
Superior
colliculus
Olivary pretectal nucleus
Pulvinar
Dorsal lateral geniculate
nucleus
Edinger-Westphal
nucleus
Red nucleus
Oculomotor nucleus
Optic tract
C
B
A
Oculomotor nerve
Ciliary ganglion
To extraocular eye muscles
Short ciliary nerves
Ciliary muscle
Optic nerve
Lens
Sphincter pupillae
A
B
C

34. Hypothalamus
Oculomotor nerve
Oculomotor nucleus
Caudal central
subdivision
Abducens nucleus
Facial nucleus
Trigeminal sensory
nucleus
T1-T3 preganglionic
sympathetic neurons
Trigeminal ganglion
Skull
Levator palpebrae
superioris muscle
Superior tarsal muscle
Orbicularis oculi
muscle
Inferior tarsal
muscle
Carotid plexus on internal
carotid artery
Superior cervical
ganglion

35. P/L ISSUE
Sensory receptor
Find dermatome & challenge receptor
Cranial nerve format
A or C fibred receptors (ALS) Other fibre typed receptors (DCML)
Spinal trigeminal nucleus Sensory nucleus of the trigeminal nerve
Cerebellum Pons +
GV15 + alarm point
CV GV Rest
Fastigial or Lat
Vestib nuclei
Emboliform, Dentate
or Globose nuclei
Periaquaductal
grey matter
Nucleus raphe magnus
Spinal trigeminal
nucleus
Go to flow chart 4
Ventral posterior nucleus of the thalamus
Cerebral cortex
Specific Muscle, Test muscle,
then correct circuit
Pontine nucleus