This document discusses sociological perspectives on human fat and obesity. It summarizes various viewpoints, including the orthodox anti-obesity position that views obesity as a disease leading to health issues. It also discusses academic challenges to this view from fields like fat studies and critical obesity studies. These challenges examine fat through lenses like social determinism, medicalization of fat bodies, and sociocultural meanings assigned to fat. The document also maps how understandings of fat as an embodied experience have been explored using frameworks such as phenomenology, governmentality, feminism, and queer theory.