The self and its development: Journeying back to one's self is a topic from values education of education students, significance of self, who am i poem, heredity, environment and self, nature of self, characteristics of self, origin of self, development of self, the self, children learn what they live poem, self-esteem, self-confidence, self-respect, self-esteem and pride, self-esteem and pleasure, factors affecting self-esteem, adjustment and enhancement of self, authenticity and becoming
This presentation aims to let the students appreciate the existence of Man. Needless to say, they will understand more the complexity of man as human being.
Towards being human is a topic from values education subject of college of education students, man as a being at the world, man as a being through others, man as a being with others, man as a being for himself, man as a being for others
This presentation aims to let the students appreciate the existence of Man. Needless to say, they will understand more the complexity of man as human being.
Towards being human is a topic from values education subject of college of education students, man as a being at the world, man as a being through others, man as a being with others, man as a being for himself, man as a being for others
Introduction to Social Psychology
I used local and foreign books. Some concepts are not mentioned here in my slides but will be discussed during our session.
If you want to know the resources feel free to comment below.
Introduction to Social Psychology
I used local and foreign books. Some concepts are not mentioned here in my slides but will be discussed during our session.
If you want to know the resources feel free to comment below.
Alfred Adler Individual Psychology
Key Concepts of Individual Psychology
Adlerian counselling
Striving for Superiority (The Striving for Perfection, Striving for Self-Enhancement, Inferiority Feeling, Drive Satisfaction)
Styles of Life
Fictional Finalism
This study will expand the scope of career opportunities available in Shivaji and
associate.
• The project intends to make a detail study of Chartered accountants and working of
Shivaji and associate.
• The present study focused on all operations of. Shivaji and associate.
• The main reason behind making or reaching this project is to know how the Shivaji
and associate finance department unctions to achieve the goals and gain a positive
perspective.
• To observe the condition of the different departments and the opportunities that is
available.
• It gives information about the financial statements.
Who is PINOY is a topic from the foundation course subject Human Behavior in the Organization (FC 407) of the degree Master of Arts in Educational Management, Douglas McGregor's Theory X and Theory Y, PINOY in the organization, Maslow's hierarchy of needs
Research methods and paradigms is a topic from the subject Methods of Research (FC 402) of the degree Master of Arts in Educational Management, quantitative research, descriptive, survey, developmental, correlational, causal-comparative, experimental, true experimental, quasi-experimental, qualitative research, mixed methods research
Effective communication is a topic from the subject Advanced English Communication (EdM 408) of the degree Master of Arts in Educational Management, ways on how to become an effective communicator, how to listen, tips in improving interpersonal skills (FACE), characteristics of effective communicator, group activities
Educational planning models is a topic from the subject Educational Planning (EdM 405) for the degree Master of Arts in Educational Management, planning process model, bell's strategic planning model, kaufman's strategic planning model, franco planning model
This document is a handout of the report about the Civil Service Commission for the subject School Personnel Administration (EdM 404) of Master of Arts in Educational Management, Employment status in general, permanent, temporary, substitute, co-terminous, contractual, casual, employment status of teachers, regular permanent, provisional, substitute, nature of appointment, original, promotion, transfer, reemployment, reappointment, reinstatement, renewal, change of status, demotion, upgrading or reclassification, adjustments or movements of personnel, other personnel movements, reassignment, detail, secondment, job rotation, designation, contract of service, job orders, policy guidelines for contract of services
ASEAN Integration 2020 is a topic from the subject Trends, Problems, and Innovations in Education (EdM 403) of the degree Master of Arts in Educational Management, ASEAN Declaration, ASEAN Vision 2020, Bali Concord II in 2003, ASEAN Vision 2020 undertakings, ASEAN Education Ministers Meeting (ASED), ASEAN University Network (AUN), Joint statement of the 9th ASED, ASEAN work plan on education 2016-2020, ASEAN Summit
Sources of Curriculum Design is a topic from the subject Advanced Curriculum Development (EdM 402) of the degree Master of Arts in Educational Management, science as a source, society as a source, moral doctrine as a source, group activity, smartart, graphic organizer, sources of curriculum, conceptual framework, curriculum design qualities, types of curriculum design, scoring rubric
Educational Administration: Today and Tomorrow is a topic from Educational Administration subject (EdM 401) for graduate studies degree Master of Arts in Educational Management, problems and issues in educational administration, educational problems in Philippine schools, Education Act of 1982, Roles of school administrator, guidelines for professional negotiation (NEA), methods of reconciling differences
Max Scheler's Hierarchy of Values is a topic from values education subject of college of education students, max scheler, pleasure values, vital values, spiritual values, values of the holy
Positive and negative aspects of philippine values is a topic from values education for education students, cluster 1 to 4, strengths and weaknesses of the Filipino character, 6 core moral values, positive acts, negative acts,
Philosophical and ethical foundations of values is a topic from values education for education students, good motive, classification of act, law and its importance, different kinds of laws, human positive law, divine positive law, values on human acts, acts of man, kinds of human acts, elicited acts, commanded acts, classification of actions, moral actions, immoral actions, amoral actions
Phenomenology of values is a topic from values education for education students, characteristics of moral values, characteristics of values by scheler, other properties of values by t. andres, knowledge of values, kinds of values, 3 fundamental classification of values according to ancient philosophers, classification of values according to other authorities, classification of values according to nature of occurence, other classification of values, primary values, secondary values, moral or ethical values, religious values, cultural values, social values, human values, educational value, behavioral value, psychological value, political value, historical value, personal value, sociological value, cultural value, sentimental value, sensational value
motivation for education students and for everyone, Lessons for success, plan, instrumental reasons, fundamental reasons, strengths, weaknesses, persistence, talent, heart, intrinsic motivation, detoxify, stress, mistakes, imprint, did i make a difference?
Journeying back to one's family: The Filipino family in retrospectChinly Ruth Alberto
Topic from values education for education students, definition of family, classification of family, according to organization and membership, nuclear family, family of orientation, family of procreation, extended family, conjugal family, consanguineal family, according to place of residence, patrilocal family, matrolocal family, bilocal family, neolocal family, avunlocal family, according to descent, patrilineal descent, matrilineal descent, bilateral descent, according to authority, patriarcal family, matriarcal family, equalitarian family, matricentric family, according to form of marriage, monogamy, polygamy, polygyny, polyandry, group marriage, functions of the family, family development tasks
Topic from Values Education for Education students, Filipino cultural values, fourfold test of Robin Williams, extensiveness, duration, intensity, prestige of value carriers, social acceptance, pakikisama, euphemism, go-between, hiya (shame), amor propio (self-esteem), threefold classification of reciprocity by Hollnsteiner, contractual reciprocity, quasi-contractual reciprocity, utang na loob reciprocity, paggalang (respect), pagmamay-ari, pagdadamayan, clannishness, bahala na, gaya-gaya, machismo
Field Study 4, Learning episode 1, meaning of curriculum, limited and broad definitions, learning episode 2, types of curricula in schools, recommended curriculum, written curriculum, taught curriculum, supported curriculum, assessed curriculum, learned curriculum, hidden or implicit curriculum, learning episode 3, teacher as a curricularist, initiator, writer, planner, evaluator, knower, innovator, implementer, learning episode 4, teacher as knower of curriculum, traditional, progressive, learning episode 5, approaches about school curriculum, BASIC principles of curriculum content, learning episode 6, curriculum development processes and models, ralph tyler model, hilda taba model, grassroots approach, galen saylor and william alexander curriculum model
human development, meaning, principles and educational implications, approaches, traditional, life-span, characteristics from life-span perspective, diagram about socioemotional, cognitive, bilogocal processes
cognitive definition, piaget's theory, nature of intelligence, operative intelligence, figurative intelligence, six sub-stages of sensorimotor by piaget
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
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Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
The self and its development: Journeying back to one's self
1. THE SELF & ITS
DEVELOPMENT
Journeying back to one’s SELF
2. The Significance of the Self
• Amidst the sophistication and
complexities, man tries to search for
meaning. This search never stops to
the extent that man realizes he
needs to reflect on his own self.
“Who am I?” “Why am I here?” “What
is the purpose of my existence?”
3. WHO AM I?
Who am I? Who am I?
My clothes? My work? My mode?
Am I just a thing?
No!
Am I my parents? Brothers? Friends?
Am I they?
I think I am different from them.
Just who am I? Am I my name?
4. My face? My bones? My breath?
My feelings? My thoughts? And Memory?
Each of them is a part of me.
But not me.
Who am I really? What is the truth?
I’m alive, enthusiastic, free, and unique.
Above all, like God, I love.
All this, I am –my innermost being.
Who am I? Who am I?
I AM A PERSON!
5. Heredity, Environment & the Self
To understand himself, man must
understand:
1. HEREDITY
genetic inheritance which provides basic
potentialities for development & behavior
includes not only physical structure but also
man’s striving, thinking, feeling, acting and
patterns of growth and change throughout
a predictable life cycle
6. Heredity, Environment & the Self
2. ENVIRONMENT
man’s physical and socio-cultural
environment heavily influence the
extent to which genetic potentials
are realized
socio-cultural inheritance (end
product of social evolution)
7. Heredity, Environment & the Self
3. THE SELF
concept necessary for explaining many
aspects of our perception, feeling, thinking,
and behavior
cannot be observed directly but is inferred
from various behavior that can be observed
can be viewed as complex psychological
process which has developmental course
influenced by learning & subject to change
8. Nature of the Self
The SELF is a complex process of
continuing interpretive activity –
simultaneously the person’s located
subjective stream of consciousness
(both reflexive and non-reflexive),
including perceiving, thinking,
planning, evaluating, choosing, and
the resultant accruing structure of
self-conceptions.
9. “To have a self is to
have the capacity
to observe,
respond to, and
direct one’s own
behavior.”
-George Herbert Mead
10. Characteristics of the Self
1. Theselfis not an entity,but a process.
one’s behavior is a process that includes
carving out a line of action that mediates
between one’s impulses (“I”) and the
expectations of social environment (“me”)
the individual changes; the particular
structure of attitudes that comprise the
self at a particular time is NOT permanent
11. Characteristics of the Self
2. Theselfis reflexive.
individual can be an object of his own
behavior, aware of various qualities he
has and of roles he plays; he acts towards
himself & guides himself in his actions
towards others on the basis of the kind of
object he is to himself
(an individual behaves differently as he relates
to a professor, a friend, a child, etc.)
12. Characteristics of the Self
3. The selfis comprisedof attitudes.
self is an organization of shared
attitudes; a structure of attitudes, not
a group of habits, which comprises the
self
without the shared values, there could
be no self and no viable communal life;
without the differences, there could be
no novelty & no individuality
13. Characteristics of the Self
4. Theselfis themeanswherebysocialcontrol
becomesself control.
to have a self is to internalize the
attitudes of the community and thereby
control one’s own behavior in terms of
those attitudes
SOCIAL CONTROL “me” over “I”
(individual’s behavior conforms to
community expectations)
14. Origin of the Self
The SELF arises out of interaction. It is
the result of a social process. It is
the most significant product of
early socialization.
Sequence in dev’t of self (Mead):
1. Infant engages in imitative but
meaningless behavior (gestures
then language)
15. Origin of the Self
2. Once child begins to function
symbolically, play activities become
more important.
3. Then, organized games follows. One
must generalize the expectations of
the others and act on that basis.
When the child becomes member of
group, then he starts to achieve self-
consciousness.
16. Origin of the Self
Charles H. Cooley: The self is the result of
individual’s imaginative processes &
emotions as he interacts with others.
It is a reflection or a looking-glass composed of 3
principal elements: (not how we appear but
HOW WE IMAGINE)
1. imagination of appearance to others
2. imagination of his judgment of that
appearance
3. some sort of self-feeling (pride/mortification)
17. Development of the Self
The individual’s SELF-CONCEPT is his
picture of himself –his views of himself
as distinct from other persons and
things. Self-concept incorporates:
1. SELF-IDENTITY –his perceptions of
who he is
child is helped to see himself as a
person separate from other people or
things
18. Development of the Self
2. SELF-EVALUATION –his feelings of
worth and adequacy
as child develops self-identity, he begins
to make value judgments about
himself. He may see himself as
superior/ inferior, worthy/unworthy,
adequate/ inadequate depending on
the way others view him because he
has no other standards except those.
19. Development of the Self
3. SELF-IDEAL –his picture of the person
he could be & should be
the individual’s self-concept includes not
only a sense of personal identity &
worth but also of aspiration for
accomplishment & growth
(influenced by parents, friends, neighbors, peers,
& society/group they belong share
common standards & have similar
conceptions of ideal self)
20. Development of the Self
4. SELF-DIRECTION – “decider
subsystem”
controls process of the units of system
the leader who serves as director for
interpreting, coordinating, planning,
and decision-making
becomes “operation center” of the
personality and a highly selective force
in shaping subsequent behavior
23. “The ego which has
the appropriate
function in the
personality is the
self.”
-G.A. Allport
(The “properium” comprises awareness of the
24. “The ego decides what
instincts to satisfy as well
as in what manner to satisfy
them. It keeps a “psychic
balance” between the
demands of the moral arm
of the personality and the
natural impulses of the
person.”
-Sigmund Freud
25. “The self is an object
of awareness. The
person responds to
himself with certain
feelings and
attitudes as others
respond to him.”
-George H. Mead
26. “The self-concept is
represented by a life
space region which
determines present
belief about the
self.”
-K. Lewin
(Life space includes the individual’s universe of personal
28. “The self is an
object and the
ego is the
process.”
-Sherif and Cantril
(The ego is a constellation of attitudes
that includes personal identity, values,
29. “The ego is a group of
processes and the
self is the manner in
which the individual
reacts to himself.”
-P.M. Symonds
(The ego functions more effectively when the
self is confident and held in high regard.)
30. “The self is the
principal organizing
influence exerted
upon man which gives
stability and order to
human behavior.”
-R.B. Catell
(The real self is that which a person must rationally
31. “The self is the
individual known
to the individual.”
-G. Murphy
(The major activities of the ego are to
defend and/or enhance the self complex.)
33. “The self is composed of
perceptions concerning
the individual and this
organization of
perceptions has vital
and important effects
upon the behavior of
the individual.”
-D. Snygg and A.W. Combs
34. CHILDREN LEARN WHAT THEY LIVE
If a child lives with criticism,
He learns to condemn.
If a child lives with hostility,
He learns to fight.
If a child lives with ridicule,
He learns to be shy.
If a child lives with tolerance,
He learns to be patient.
If a child lives with encouragement,
He learns confidence.
35. If a child lives with praise,
He learns to appreciate.
If a child lives with fairness,
He learns justice.
If a child lives with security,
He learns to have faith.
If a child lives with approval,
He learns to like himself.
If a child lives with acceptance and friendship,
He learns to find love in the world.
(Self is affected by environment)
36. Self-esteem
2 interrelated aspects:
*it entails a sense of personal efficacy
*sense of personal worth
integrated sum of self-confidence &
self-respect
conviction that one is competent to
live & worthy of living
37. Self-confidence
sense of efficacy
confidence in one’s mind
conviction that one is competent
to think, to judge, to know, and to
correct one’s errors
“Man possesses the ability to make
choices.”
38. Self-respect
sense of worthiness
a man’s character is the sum of
the principles and values that
guide his actions in the face of
moral choices
“Man needs self-respect because he has to act
to achieve value –and in order to act, he needs
to value the beneficiary of his action.”
39. Self-esteem & Pride
SELF-ESTEEM PRIDE
•Man’s conviction of his
fundamental efficacy and
worth
•Confidence in one’s
capacity to achieve values
•“I can”
•Pleasure of a man takes in
himself on the basis of his
response to specific
achievements or actions
•Consequence of having
achieved some particular
of values
•“I have”
“The deepest pride a man can experience is that which results from
his achievement of self-esteem since self-esteem is a value that has
to be earned; the man who does so feels proud of attainment.”
40. Self-esteem & Pleasure
for man, pleasure is not a luxury; it is a
profound psychological need
pleasure is a metaphysical concomitant
to life, the reward and consequences of
successful action, just as pain is symbol
of failure, destruction and death
ENJOYMENTVALUE OF LIFE
(worth struggling to maintain)
41. Self-esteem & Pleasure
“In order to live, man must act to
achieve values.”
“Productive work is essential to
man’s sense of efficacy –and thus
is essential to his ability to fully
enjoy the values of his existence.”
42. Factors affecting Self-esteem
1. Attitudes of adults towards the
growing infant and child
2. Emotionally disastrous experience of
the individual, considered as a threat
to self, which affects his stability
3. Self-attitudes are also affected by the
status of the group to which a person
belongs
4. Individual’s role & status in the group
43. Factors affecting Self-esteem
SECURE INDIVIDUAL INSECURE/ THREATENED INDIVIDUAL
•Easy
•Natural
•Relaxed
•Affectionate
•Self-satisfied
•Easy-going
•Tense
•Nervous
•Suspicious
•Envious
•Fearful
•Unpredictable
•Unstable
•Introspective
One with low self-esteem feels that he/she:
•is vulnerable in interpersonal relations (deeply hurt by criticism, blame,
scolding)
•is relatively awkward with others (finds it hard to talk, does not initiate
contact)
•assumes others think poorly of him/her or do not particularly like him/her
•has low faith in human nature
•tends to put up a “front” to people
•feels relatively isolated and lonely
44. Factors affecting Self-esteem
Self-concepts are related to anxiety levels.
LOW SELF-ESTEEM HIGH LEVEL OF ANXIETY
HIGH SELF-ESTEEM LOW LEVEL OF ANXIETY
Anxiety is indicated by:
low esteem, trembling hands, nervousness,
insomnia, pounding of heart, various kinds of
pain, biting fingertips, shortness of breath,
hand sweating, loss of appetite, and
nightmares
“There seems to be a large gap between the REAL self and IDEAL self.”
45. Adjustment & enhancement of the self
Some techniques for adjustment:
1. Self-defense & self-enhancement
*SELF-DEFENSE to keep intact & to conceal its
nature whenever the individual’s self-image
is likely to be exposed
*SELF-ENHANCEMENT to permit the individual
to achieve the goals & ideals he has
established for himself
46. Adjustment & enhancement of the self
2. Repression
psychological form of selective forgetting, determined
to a large extent by the DEGREE OF PAIN
we tend to remember pleasant experiences more
permanently than unpleasant ones
3. Fantasy
an important factor in the maturation of the child
adult uses this to overcome frustrations & adopted by:
daydreaming (temporary resolution to tensions),
staying in fantasies, or putting it in effective use
47. Adjustment & enhancement of the self
4. Compensation
mechanism of adjustment that all people resort to in the
face of frustration, failure, and other threats to the self
individual makes up for weaknesses or defects by
emphasizing his strengths and assets
5. Rationalization
technique of self-concealment and self-justification
real motive is the desire for mastery, social approval ,
appearing superior to what we are
form of making excuses
48. Adjustment & enhancement of the self
6. Projection
closely related to rationalization
individual guards himself from exposure, disapproval or
punishment by ascribing his faults to others
may be viewed as defense against anxiety
7. Fixation & regression
*FIXATION arrest of development at an immature level
a person develops normally up to a certain point and then remains
at that level (people who “never grow up”)
*REGRESSION return to an earlier mode of adjustment after a
mature form had already been attained
occurs during emotional disturbances
49. Adjustment & enhancement of the self
8. Identification & sublimation
*Identification
having a model for the self to imitate
*Sublimation
need of the socialized individual to redirect forbidden
urges into socially acceptable forms of behavior
9. Self-enhancement
to return to a condition of repose or equilibrium
when its needs are satisfied
50. Authenticity & becoming
Marcantonio:
“What I seek is to have meaning and to be meaningful
To love and receive love
To have meaning, I must be true to myself
To be meaningful I must be responded to as I am
I want to live authentically and spontaneously
My masks are gone and I’m struggling to be
My face the void with the pains of birth
I need love to nourish me into being.”
51. Authenticity & becoming
Goals which are essential for achieving
authenticity:
1. Meaning
2. Dropping of masks
3. Love
“Living authentically is a process of personal
change and growth throughout life –it is a
process of becoming.”
52. Authenticity & becoming
Useful pointers for one’s moving into
authenticity and the process of
becoming:
1. Increased autonomy
2. More adequate assumptions
3. Improved competencies
4. Increased awareness and openness to
experience