The Security Of Cloud Computing

The Security Of Cloud Computing
The following will take a look into what is could computing and what are the potential security
issues, I will be covering topics such as why would a company use cloud computing and how could
computing is beneficial for an organisation. I will also look into the security of cloud computing. I
will then go on to discuss what is being done to combat these issues, touching on the policies used
by Netflix, Sony and Apple. Technical usage of the term cloud computing is the description of
distributed systems, the running of a single instance of an application over many connected
machines. However the term has now evolved as a synonym for the internet as a whole, with the
platforms and application provided on it described as a service. Saying ... Show more content on
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John Manly (Director of HPs automated infrastructure Lab) suggests that "Cloud computing is the
final means by which computing becomes invisible". The relationship between software will be
divorced from hardware, with more and more technologies being consumed as a service. (SaaS)
When a company has a need for an IS/IT strategy, cloud computing often comes into question as a
new a developing technology that can offer a lot to company. Cloud computing can aid the company
in many aspects especially when it comes to storing data as they can send all their files/data to the
cloud to be able to access them anywhere. There are 3 different types of cloud computing: private,
public and hybrid cloud. The private cloud is only used by one company, this is either used
internally or it is outsourced to another company. The public cloud is when the cloud and all of its
services are accessible by anyone. A Hybrid cloud is a combination of the two. One of the main
companies that use the cloud is Netflix, when Netflix found that it was out pacing its traditional data
centre 's capabilities, it turned to the cloud for help with scalability in order to meet the spikes in
demand and the lulls in activity. On the average week night in North America Netflix accounts for
nearly a third of the all the internet traffic. Apple's hallmark is to be on the cutting edge of
technology, so it comes as no surprise that Apple turned to cloud
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NT2799 Unit06 Oral Assessment Review
NT2799
NSA Capstone Project
Dr. Gordon Plorin, PMP
ITT Technical Institute
Unit 06: Oral Assessment Review
1
2
NT2799
NSA Capstone Project
Dr. Gordon Plorin, PMP
ITT Technical Institute
Unit 06: Oral Assessment Review
3
Oral Assessments
Skills Assessment Interview
15% of the course total
The questionnaire consists of
15 sets of questions
3 questions in each set
Most Challenging questions = 10 points each.
Medium Challenging questions= 8 points each.
Least Challenging questions = 6 points each.
Assessment Areas
Topic 1: The Input /Output Process
Topic 2: OSI Model

Topic 3: SOHO Broadband
Topic 4: TCP/IP
Topic 5: Client–Server
Topic 6: Windows Server
Topic 7: Active Directory
Topic 8: Universal Group Membership
Caching ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Level 1: Definition
Question: Describe popular broadband solutions available to consumers in today's market.
Level 1: Definition
Answer: Brief definition of broadband technologies, such as ADSL,
Cable Modem, and Satellite feed. A comparison and contrast of these technologies will be a plus.
Topic 4: TCP/IP
Level 3: Troubleshooting
Question: A user reports she cannot access the Internet. Describe some of the tasks one would
perform related to the TCP/IP protocol in order to troubleshoot this problem.
Topic 4: TCP/IP
Level 3: Troubleshooting
Answer: Ensure the user's computer has a valid IP address assigned.
This can be done through the GUI (Network Properties) and the command prompt (using the
ipconfig /all command). Then ensure that the user can ping the domain server she is trying to reach
(Ex: ping www.yahoo.com, etc.). Use ARP and RARP for resolving the address of the computer the
user is trying to reach.
Topic 4: TCP/IP
Level 2: Application

Comparison Between Windows And Linux
Comparative analysis of Windows and Linux
Abstract: Comparison between windows and Linux is mostly used discussion topic among peoples.
Windows and Linux both are operating system in which Windows are closed source and used for
PC.While Linux is open source and used for open source community. Both operating systems have
unique features, advantages and disadvantages. Both operating systems are differing from each other
in term of working, cost, security etc. The first focus of this paper is on introduction of both OS
.This paper mainly focuses on difference between both OS and also defines how these OS are
different in term of working, cost, security, configuration, and performance and user friendliness.
Key Words: Windows, Linux and Operating ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Threat detection and solution
After detecting a major threat in Windows OS, Microsoft generally releases a patch that can fix the
problem and it can take more than 2/3 months. In case of Linux, threat detection and solution is very
fast.
Examples
Windows 8, 8.1, 7, Vista, XP
Ubuntu, Fedora, Red Hat, Debian, Arch Linux, Android, Peach OSI etc.[4]
Development and Distribution
Windows is developed and distributed solely by Microsoft.
Linux is developed by Open Source development. and it is distributed by various vendors.
Installation
Windows installation methodology is easy. In this the users do not need to have installation disk for
installing
Before installing Linux on machine, we must need each piece of hardware.
Configuration
In Windows configuration is difficult to change and modify.
In Linux configuration is easy to change and modify. We can modify and configure the program
according to needs.
Flexibility
Windows are less flexible than Linux. Because in Windows modification and configuration is

difficult.
Linux is more flexible than Windows, because it provide the modification and configuration

Introduction Of Cloud Storage System
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION Cloud storage system is a service model in which data are
managed , maintained, and backuped remotely on the cloud side, and simultaneously keeps data
available to the users over a network. Mobile Cloud Storage (MCS) [1], [2] represents a family of
increasingly popular on–line services, and even is used as primary file storage for the mobile
devices [3]. MCS helps the mobile device users to store and retrieve files or data on the cloud
through wireless communication, which improves the data availability and facilitates the file sharing
process without drawing off the local mobile device resources [4]. The data privacy issue is a main
concern in cloud storage system, so the sensitive data is encrypted by the owner before outsourcing
onto the cloud, and data users retrieve the interested data by encrypted search scheme. In MCS, the
modern mobile devices are encountering with many of the security threats as PCs, and various
traditional data encryption methods are imported in MCS [5], [6]. However, mobile cloud storage
system incurs new challenges over the traditional encrypted search schemes, in consideration of the
limited computing and battery capacities of mobile device, as well as data sharing and accessing
approaches through wireless communication. Therefore, a suitable and efficient encrypted search
scheme is mandatory for MCS. Generally speaking, the mobile cloud storage is in great need of the
bandwidth and energy efficiency for data

Cloud Computing Is The Delivery Of Computing Services For...
1 Cloud Computing in Daily Operations Cloud computing refers to the delivery of computing
services over the internet. The computing services include: infrastructure, development platforms
and software applications. Cloud services are privately owned for the purpose of remotely
provisioning scalable and measured IT resources from data centers located around the world. Cloud
computing can assist organisations improve the creation and delivery of IT solutions by allowing
them to access services more flexibly and cost effectively. In public cloud computing, services are
delivered by a third party to its external customers. In private cloud computing, IT provides services
to internal customers. The critical points that SoftArc must consider ... Show more content on
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Scalability: Growing organisations need solutions that are able to grow with them. Mobility: As the
adoption of smart phones and smart devices increase, so does user demands and the need to have
highly available platforms and resources that are easily accessible. Other key drivers behind the
adoption of cloud computing are operational costs and improved performance to existing systems.
Key points to consider: What are your business drivers for moving daily operations to the cloud? 1.2
Office Automation Organisations are progressively considering the change of on premise base
collaboration and communication tools to a cloud office system such as Microsoft Office 365 or
Google Apps for Work. Exchange, Lync and SharePoint are heavily reliant on Active Directory. The
manner in which the SoftArc's domain name is affected depends on whether you choose to maintain
an on premise Active Directory and whether identity federation is used. There are a number of
compliance and security issues associated with SharePoint in the cloud, organisations must ensure
that SharePoint is being used in compliance with applicable laws, regulations, industry standards
and company policies. Key points to consider: Identity federation vs partial re–delegation Active
Directory setup. An Exchange migration moves mailbox data to the cloud. SharePoint compliance
requirements. 1.3 Connectivity Cloud

Rdbms Notes
1
RELATIONAL DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
UNIT–1
INTRODUCTION:DATA :– Data is a collection of facts, which is in unorganized but they can be
organized into useful form. Data is of two types :1.Raw Data :– It is a Data which are collected from
different sources and has no meaning. ` 2. Derived Data :– It is a data that are extracted from Raw
Data and used for getting useful information. Derived Data is called as INPUTDATA. INPUT DATA
is processed to get the OUTPUT data. The OUTPUT DATA is called as INFORMATION. The
database today may contain either data or information. The term data and information are closely
related.
INPUT DATA PROCESSING OUTPUT DATA
Proccessing of data is called Data Proccessing. Proccessing of Data in an electronic ... Show more
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3. End users: – End Users are the persons, whose jobs require access to the database for quering,
updating, and generating reports. 4. System Analysts and Application Programmers: – Systems
analysts determine the requirements of end users, and develop specifications for canned transactions
that meet these requirements. DATA MODELS: – The structure of a database is the concept of a data
model, a collection of conceptual tools for describing data, data relationships, data semantics and
consistency constraints. 1. Network data Model 2. Hierarchical data model 3. Relation data model
Network data model: – data in the network model are represented by collection of records and
relationships among data are represented ny links. The links can be
http://www.saif4u.webs.com
4
viewed as pointers. The records in the database are organised as collections of arbitrary graphs.
Hierarchical Data Model :The hierarchical model is similar to the network model in the sence that
data and relationships among data are represented by records and links respectively. It differs from
the network model in that the records are organised as collection of trees rather than arbitrary
graphs. Relational Model:– The relational model represents data and relationships among data by a
collection of tables.each of which has a columns with unique names.The following relational

database showing Customers and Accounts they have. From the above CUSTOMER and
ACCOUNT

System Proposal for Riordan Manufacturing, Inc. Essay example
System Proposal for Riordan Manufacturing, Inc.
Introduction
In reviewing the current and historical sales and marketing information for Riordan Manufacturing,
Inc., it became clear that there is a need for a new streamlined system to track the past and present
workings of the company. There are past marketing plans being stored in one location in a file
cabinet, limiting the personnel that has access to it (Riordan Manufacturing, Inc., 2012). Sales
employees are using different methods to track their numbers, in some cases using pencil and paper
(Riordan Manufacturing, Inc., 2012). We propose a new cloud based system that will compile all of
the past sales and marketing information and current customer contacts and needs. This ... Show
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You have encountered data safeguards, such as integrity checks, to help improve data quality when
you fill in an online form. For example, the form will not accept an e–mail address that is not
formatted correctly.
System Components Document management systems (DMS) are simply a combination of hardware
and software that help manage and collects electronic documents, converting paper documents into
PDF documents, indexing and storing them for easier access. (Fig.1). This facilitates searches for
such documents in the future, vice going through boxes in the archives basement. This system can
support the large demands that Riordan has, especially as a growing company. If mobile access is an
issue, this system is accessible via Internet. We can also look into implementing an integrated
system called enterprise content management (ECM). Riordan will be saving an enormous amount
of money with this change. Traditionally, this company has been maintaining paper documents in
different warehouses; file clerks running around most of the day searching for documents in
different locations. DMS will clearly demonstrate an improvement in the turnaround time related to
any requests for documentation, relieving the stress related with the historical lack of efficiency that
has been a

Google Drive vs. Skydrive vs. Dropbox vs. Icloud
Google Drive vs. SkyDrive vs. Dropbox vs. iCloud
Jia Shi
Yidi Zhang
Nan Song
Ly Le
INTRODUCTION
Along with the development speed of technology, the amount of data passing by or consumed by
people around the world keeps growing rapidly. The storage devices seem to unable for storing
growing data amount. In addition, maintenance and back–up of data are needed just in case of
accident. To meet the needs mentioned above, the cloud computing is developed especially cloud
storage which have become a necessary data storage for everyone recently. There are four
competitive huge cloud storages in the IT industry – Google Drive, SkyDive, ICoud, Dropbox.
Google Drive is a file storage and synchronization service provided by Google, ... Show more
With increased agility in business processes, revenues increase while infrastructure costs are
reduced. Moreover, globalizing network infrastructure makes business processes location
independent. With streamlined processes, increased accessibility and improved flexibility, resources
are leveraged to optimal levels. Sky Drive, Google Drive, iCould and Dropbox are four of the most
popular Cloud based service vendors, what makes them outstanding are not only their advanced
technique but also their unique services.
Sky Drive * Microsoft products support SkyDrive
Released by Microsoft, the world's largest software maker, one of Sky Drive's biggest advantages is
Microsoft backup. Microsoft added Office Web Apps support to SkyDrive in its "Wave 4" update
allowing users to upload, create, edit, and share Microsoft Office documents directly within a Web
browser. Moreover, Users of recent versions of Microsoft Office (for Microsoft Windows ) can use
the desktop applications to simultaneously edit the same section of documents stored on SkyDrive.
Since Microsoft dominant in both the PC operating system and office suite markets, Sky Drive
could easy be accepted as an auxiliary tool in the main market. * Recycle bin
Users always has to choose files which should be left, however, once there is an emergency, those
deleted files could become a valuable

Report For The Hanover Design Company
Report for The Hanover Design Company
By Gheorghe Rusanda
Tuesday, September 23, 2016
Contents
Page 1  Contents
Page 2  Introduction
Page 3  Hardware
Page 7  Software
Page 9  Comparisons
Page 10  References
Page 11  The Basics of Computer Graphics
Page 14  Impact of Mobile Oriented Graphics
Introduction
I am working as a trainee for The Hanover Design Company based in Westberry. They are a design
consultancy firm that has just started. The company was awarded a few contracts to design the
layout and marketing materials for 5 small organisations. As part of a team I have been asked to
design the layout and marketing materials for one of the small business.
In the following report I will state the necessary hardware, software and other devices that are
required to produce graphics for our clients and why they are needed.
Hardware required
Internal Devices
Graphics/Video Card
A Graphics card is needed to render the graphics that will be created. Differed graphics Cards of
different prices can perform according to their price. Generally, the higher the price the better the
performance.
RAM

RAM is used to when running a program. An image editing program like Adobe Photoshop requires
RAM to perform the various task it needs when using it. Usually is recommended to have 8GB of
RAM for heavy use of graphic making programs.
Processor (CPU)
For the design of graphics a CPU is needed in order to execute the tasked that the editing

A Short Note On Cloud Computing And Sensor Networks
1 Introduction 1.1 Overview Nowadays, everything around us is getting smarter, for example, a
smartphone, a smart home, a smart city and so on. Sensors are small, low battery operated devices
which enable this smartness. Data produced from sensors pose a challenge to the traditional
approaches of managing the data and cause towards the emerging paradigm of Big Data. As a
circumstance, there is a requirement for three types of developments. First, technology should be
available through smart devices anywhere and anytime. Secondly, a solution to overcome the
limitations of sensor network framework. Thirdly, intellectual capacity in the applications which
uses the huge data generated through the sensor networks and apply this data for ... Show more
Consequently, the combination of these two technologies can improve their advantages by
eliminating their limitations. 2.1.2 Components of the review This review is divided into six
chapters. The first chapter introduces Cloud Computing and Sensor Networks and provides an
overview of the technologies that will be discussed in this review. The second chapter describes
Sensor Cloud and Sensing as a Service. It also discusses the nature and limitations of sensor
applications. The third chapter explains how cloud infrastructure can be applied for sensor
application to improve their advantages and the challenges that are faced in the process. It discusses
the concept of Storage as a Service using OpenStack Swift, an open source software and its
advantages over the traditional data management. The fourth chapter includes different industry
cloud storage solutions for Big Data. The fifth chapter discusses CStaaS storage solution for
researchers working on sensor applications. The sixth chapter explains the applications of Sensing
as a Service on Cloud platform, its advantages in the field of agriculture and to track environmental
issues. The last section summarizes the research work of this thesis and suggests the future work in
this area. 2.1.3 Introduction to Cloud Computing Cloud computing is a style of computing that
provides easy access to a highly configurable pool of resources which are simple to use

Nt1330 Unit 3 Assignment 1
ECE 677 Homework 5 Name : Ting–Chun Chiu ID : 23359631
1. Server state :
Server state can be divided into two part : the stateful and stateless server. The stateful server is that
when a client open a file the server gives that client an unique identifier and stores client's
information into its memory. Although this method can improve performance, however, stateful
server is generally be avoided in distributed system. On the other hand, stateless server uses totally
different mechanism that the server identifies the file information and client position in each request
but save nothing into its memory. The advantage is that it is easier to use fault tolerance on stateless
server.
Granularity :
In distributed file system, there are two ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Comparison between NFS, AFS, GFS and HDFS : Network File System Andrew File System
Google File System Hadoop Distributed File System
Server state Stateless server Stateless server Stateless server Stateless server
Granularity 8k chunk Whole file caching on client disk 64MB chunk 64MB block
Relationship Remote file access Upload/download service Remote file access Remote file access
Memory/disk usage Server side for disk access, client side for I nodes and file data. Client requests
file from the cold cache of the server and stores file on its disk. Files are stored at server disk.
Clients do read and write operations on the network. Clients contact HDFS through the NameNodes
and fetch the file from DataNodes (server storage).
Consistency NFS doesn't provide concurrency–control mechanisms. AFS uses weak consistency
model, which called call–back mechanisms. When write operation are done on existing file, the data
is appended to end of the file. This method serializes the data write in GFS. HDFS uses NameNode
operation to realize data consistency. NameNodes utilizes a transactional log file to record all the
changes of

Cloud Computing
In many cases like this one, an organization should always have a backup strategy. Some of the
actions that I would take would be performing a backup on a USB flash drive which will be kept in
a safe place with the office. As for the profit and loss statements, cash flow statements and other
pertinent files will be updated daily, backed up and performed daily. If files are needed to be shared,
a cloud backup system can be implemented. A disaster recovery plan should be set forth with three
different sites * Hot Site– "A separate and fully equipped facility where the company can move
immediately after a disaster and resume business." * Cold Site– "A separate facility that does not
have any computer equipment, but is a place where ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
* Maintainability– Diverse employment will be preferred so that there are no language barriers for
the customers. Obviously when the company starts picking up business and there are considerations
of going global then our system will have to be redeveloped. * Portability– There will be different
operating systems. Whether it's through the Apple iTunes which will be available for us if we decide
upon a Mac computer or any other PC computer. * Usability– Employees will get the proper
training in order to make their work experience as understanding and satisfying as possible. Any
type of hints or tips will be available for understanding the system better.
There are a multitude of benefits in the utilization of cloud computing. A primary function of cloud
computing is the availability of universal access to files throughout any given level of an
organization. As documents and other database driven information are stored off–site, there is often
a reduction of costs, due to the minimization of on site hosting software and hardware alike. The
many reasons to utilize cloud computing are evident, however, as all other technological advantages,
there are also a large variety of companies that offer these services with different benefits, costs and
application choices. Some of the most recognized corporations offer cloud computing such as
icloud, Google Apps, Amazon Cloud Drive, and many others. All organizations offer

Capstone Review Essays
Topic 1 – INPUT/OUTPUT Level 1 – Definition 1. A person wishes to purchase a personal
computer for home usage. Identify the internal hardware components this computer should contain.
a. Student should identify the following: Power Supply, Motherboard, CPU, RAM, HDD, USB ports
for I/O's such as mouse and keyboard. You also can add in DVD drives, I/O's for speakers, monitor,
and microphone. Level 2 – Application 2. Explain in simple terms the I/O process. a.
"Input/Output"... Data is entered into the computer through an input device such as a mouse or
keyboard; given the application used the CPU will process the data into output. Level 3 –
Troubleshooting 3. You typed "abcd" but the locally attached printer prints garbled text. How do you
go ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Can the PC connect to a different website? Topic 3 – SOHO Broadband Level 1 – Definition 1.
Describe popular broadband solutions available to consumers in today's market. a. Brief definitions
of broadband technologies such as ADSL, Cable, Satellite. A comparison and contrast of these
technologies will be a plus. Level 2 – Application 2. Design a broadband solution for a home
network that will accommodate access from multiple servers, computers, printers, TVs, phones, and
mobile devices for the home entertainment and data storage/sharing as well as telephone services. a.
The plan will incorporate the selection of the type of broadband technology and service provider,
and render a wiring design based on the flow plan of a typical home and the location of each
specific device determining the type of media and interconnection devices, including wired and
wireless, and the type of sharing solutions for entertainment and data services with necessary
security controls. Level 3 – Troubleshooting 3. A small law office is equipped with a broadband
service. The office network has recently encountered various symptoms of degraded services. Some
individuals are not able to access data from the file server hosted in house from time to time, while
some others are not able to access the email and database through the internet occasionally. How do
you propose to determine the cause and correct it? a. The answer should incorporate a logical
analysis to identify

Pros And Cons Of BPMN Model
Process modeling tools Pros and Cons
Abstract
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
The purpose of this paper is to study six common and popular tools on the market that support
"BPMN 2.0". Considering this case and based on some main criteria, these tools were compared and
evaluated.
A table was designed to make the comparison and the evaluation easier based on criteria sets and as
a result, appropriate tool was introduced according to these criteria.
1– Introduction
These days, due to the large number of providers of business modeling tools on the market,
choosing the right tools is not easy. As the first step, companies need to know their technical and
business needs and according to these needs they can provide the right tools for the company.
In ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Cons:
Unfortunately, this tool does not have user–friendly environment for design and it will be difficult to
use for beginners. Designing with this tool requires prior knowledge.
3.2 iGrafx Flowchart iGrafx tool offer set of tools in the field of quality management, six sigma,
management training, risk management, and IT service management [3].
In this article we focus on the iGrafx flowcharter that is a tool for business process modelling.
This tool provides graphical process and makes a better understanding of the business information.
It also helps to reduce the time to document business processes, reduce costs, and increase customer
satisfaction.
Features Details table
Support/Help Supported
Document publication pdf, Microsoft office and HTML or importing the vision file
Template Cause and Effect (fishbone), Manufacture Layout, Org Charts, SIPOC and more.
Simulation Does not support
Integration Microsoft SharePoint 2010 and 2013
Import model Microsoft Visio 2010 and 2013
Team

The Cloud Of Cloud Computing
Introduction This report will be exploring what cloud computing is, the usages of cloud computing,
a comparison of organisations that offer cloud services and their architectures, an explanation on
how a typical software company may benefit from having a cloud implementation, a description of a
challenge that cloud computing has in research and a description of a challenge in a commercial
adaptation in connection to cloud computing. Part A What is cloud computing exactly? The idea of
cloud computing was first initially introduced by J.C.R Licklider in 1969 who introduced the idea as
"Intergalactic Computer Network" [1]. He envisioned a future where everyone on the planet was
connected/interconnected together accessing information, data, programs and so on from anywhere
in the world. A comments was made by Margaret Lewis who is the product marketing director at
AMD who said in 2010 that J.C.R Licklider idea in 1969 "the idea sounds a lot like what we are
calling cloud computing" [1, 2]. Some believe the idea was first discussed by John McCarthy who
discussed it in a public venue at a speech that was celebrating MIT centennial who said "that
computer time–sharing technology might result in a future in which computing power and even
specific applications could be sold through the utility business model (like water or electricity)"[3].
So what is cloud computing exactly? There are many definition of what people thing cloud
computing is but most on these have in common two

Pos/355 Team Assignment
Windows 7
Windows 7 is an operating system that is of the Microsoft Windows family. Windows 7 is part of
one of the most used operating systems around the world. It is the successor to Windows XP and
Windows Vista. Alongside Windows 7 are two other operating systems that are viewed as
alternatives to the Windows OS. Those alternatives include Linux operating systems as well as
Windows Server 2008.
Windows 7 Versions
Windows 7 like all other versions before has with sub versions of its operating system. Theses sub
versions include W7 Starter, W7 Home Basic, W7 Home Premium, W7 Professional, W7
Enterprise, and W7 Ultimate. These are all sub versions of W7 that have their key features as well as
their requirements.
Beginning with Windows ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In our world today there are so many different types of operating systems as well as features and
applications that run on them. There are many similarities as well as differences between Windows
7, Linux and Windows Server 2008. The one enduring similarity is that all three are intended to be
utilized as an operating system is meant to.
Windows Server 2008
Windows Server 2008 is a line of server operating systems (OS) from Microsoft. It is the successor
of Windows Server 2003 and shares the same code base as Windows Vista. New features were
added in Server 2008 particularly Server Core command utility from security perspective to reduce
attack surface.
Windows Server 2008 Versions
Windows Server 2008 comes with three basic editions. The usage depends on the level of
criticalness of applications. Following is a summary view of all three.
Datacenter Edition
Datacenter Edition is for the most mission–critical applications. It offers highest level of
virtualization which helps in achieving highest levels of scalability, reliability, and availability
Enterprise Edition
For the next critical level, we have the enterprise edition. It provides a cost–effective way to realize
the benefits of virtualization.
Standard Edition
Standard edition is designed to increase the reliability and flexibility of your server infrastructure
while helping save time and reduce costs. Powerful tools give you greater control over your servers
and streamline configuration and

Essential Parts of Computer and How It Works
Contents II. Introduction 2 III. Computers 2 A. CPU 2 B. Memory storage 3 1. Primary storage 3 2.
Secondary storage 4 C. Peripherals 8 1. Ink–jets (bubble–jets) printers 8 2. Laserjet printers 9 IV.
Connecting To Internet 10 V. Conclusion 12 VI. Reference List 13
*
Introduction
Nowadays, running business in 20th century means that you got to be clever about technology.
When companies are striving for higher achievements and more–efficient workability, innovation is
what everyone craving for. That's the spot where technology shoots.
Computer is one essential breed of our modern technology. However, while the majority of people
know how to use computer, they don't know how the machine works; the technical stuff. ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Cache
Cache located between CPU and RAM. It is a high–speed memory that accelerates CPU to
exchange information from RAM (Shelly, et al, 2008). Cache works in a frequently accessible files
and programs in the computer so it can be processed in shorter time. For example, a secretary's
computer which used for typing a lot will have its word–processing program opened faster than the
other staffs' computer.
Secondary storage * Stokes (2008) states that secondary storage is used for saving files and
information in the matter of capacity. When programs are installed into the computer or files are
inserted, secondary memory is the place where all the stuffs are put into. It gives information about
how much computer can store data in its system. Files, programs, and other stuffs that put in
secondary storage are saved permanently in the system. So, when the computer is off, the stuffs will
stay at the same state and condition without having any lost parts.
Picture 2.1 Secondary storage works like cloth drawers for computers. As long as there is a space, it
is fine to put more things. Image source: http://corriehaffly.wordpress.com
There are various forms of secondary storage. Some attached in CPU and some is separated from
computer. These are the kinds of it.
Hard Disk
Picture 2.2 Physical appearance of a hard disk. Image source:

The Hybrid Clouds ( Inter Vehicle Clouds Essay
3.3 Hybrid Clouds (Inter–Vehicle Clouds): HC is the combination of VC and VuC where VC serves
as both service provider and consumer at the same time. The motivation behind HC is that, vehicles
moving on the road might rent their resources and might want to use cloud services at the same
time. NaaS and P2P are the most suitable examples for such scenarios. Nevertheless due to the
ephemeral nature of VANET, connection among vehicular nodes is very intermittent. But yet it can
be argued that usually for P2P applications, the size of the files is fairly small making it suitable for
short time connection. Other potential applications for this architecture include IaaS in case of VC.
[3]
Fig 5: Hybrid Cloud
II. ANALYSIS OF MOBILE CLOUD COMPUTING AND VEHICULAR CLOUD COMPUTING
Vehicle Cloud Computing is a new hybrid technology consists of the combination of various
networks such as mobile adhoc networks, wireless sensor networks, vehicular adhoc networks, and
cloud computing to provide better services for automatic cars such as control car movements and
handling navigation system to provide reliable and shorter routes,which also ensures safety. Security
and privacy are the two major challenges for all wireless or wired networks that allow users to share
the same set of resources. The architecture of VCC can be classified into three layers: networks ,the
wireless communication channel and cloud computing. The first part is responsible for collecting the

Torrent Freak Research
Today's digital knowledge has made it so easy to perform copyright infringement in order to create
pirated movies. This in turn has increased the amount of illegal digital movie distribution. It's so
easy these days to make perfect copies and then distribute it across global networks. Torrent Freak
research shows multiple copies of movies that are found online. Technology has made it more
tempting than ever to violate the copyright laws without breaking a sweat. Majority of Internet users
think that if it is on the Internet, it's free. But they don't realize that even public display of someone's
work without proper permission is considered Copyright infringement. Displaying it on a website,
putting it on film or transmitting it to the public in any other way are all examples of how movies
are facing piracy issues daily. In spite of that piracy continues to grow at an exponential speed.
Moreover, movies that deal with copyright infringement has grown over the years.
The seriousness of Copyright infringement was also brought to life by the hurt locker case. Voltage
pictures accused almost 25,000 BitTorrent users of illegally downloading or sharing the movie on
file sharing networks. According to Torrent Freak, "If only 10,000 of the alleged infringers pay a
$2,000 ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Cell phones have progressively developed over the years. We are now able to watch full–length
movies from certain mobile applications. For a while, movie theaters, television and buying and or
renting hard copies was the only way to watch a movie. Majority of society is now using cell phones
and computers to watch movies. With a mobile phone for example, "Movie Box" is a mobile
application that has a library of new pirated movies uploaded everyday. Movie companies now have
to deal with technological convergence of new devices that are able to watch movies completely for
free with different

Microsoft 's Strategic Commitment For The Cloud With...
Analysis
Since its inception, SharePoint has become a Swiss Army knife that covers a wide range of
information needs and has been deployed for many different functional requirements. Many
companies have customized it, whether in its look and feel, building custom integration with
external systems or developing new applications. Furthermore, companies have grown to depend on
third–party independent software vendors (ISVs) to fill SharePoint 's gaps or build vertical
applications onto SharePoint server. While such moves have typically delivered good business
benefits, they have made migrating from one generation to the next costly and complex. Industry
leaders estimate that close to 90% of SharePoint deployments are still deployed in the ... Show more
Microsoft has the potential to innovate in this cloud environment because it can use analytics to
quickly understand business usage trends across thousands of organizations – a level of visibility it
did not have in the traditional approach. It can then rapidly develop applications and approaches as
well as test and deploy new interfaces. Users will realize the benefits of this rapid innovation as their
work environments become more nimble, leading to stronger engagement; IT departments will
realize the benefits of having Microsoft manage this aspect of their technology portfolio, allowing
them to concentrate on other projects.
Business drivers and cost management: SharePoint Online doesn 't take long to set up and users can
perform basic tasks quickly. Microsoft trickles improvements through every three months. For
SharePoint Server (on–premise), Microsoft has traditionally aggregated changes to deliver them in
service packs and new versions far less frequently. Consequently, IT departments using SharePoint
Online will be relieved of possible downtime concerns related to service

The Problem Of Cloud Computing Essay
Abstract: Cloud computing is a computing technology or information technology architecture used
by organization or individuals. It launches data storage and interactive paradigm with some
advantages like on–demand self–services, ubiquitous network access. Due to popularity of cloud
services, security and privacy becomes major issue. There is the issue of legitimate responsibility for
information (If a client stores some information in the cloud, can the cloud supplier benefit from
it?). Numerous Terms of Service assentions are quiet on the topic of proprietorship. Physical control
of the PC hardware (private cloud) is more secure than having the gear off site and under another
person 's control (open cloud). This conveys awesome motivation to open distributed computing
administration suppliers to organize building and keeping up solid administration of secure
administration. This paper addresses design of proposed system. Keywords:Cloud Computing,
Authentication Protocol, Privacy Preservation, Shared Authority, Universal Composability. 1.
Introduction: 1.1 Cloud Computing Cloud computing is a relatively new business model in the
computing world. According to the official NIST definition, "cloud computing is a model for
enabling ubiquitous, convenient, on–demand network access to a shared pool of configurable
computing resources (e.g., networks, servers, storage, applications and services) that can be rapidly
provisioned and released with minimal management effort or

Overview Of Intellectual Property Rights
Overview of intellectual property rights and how it relates to Computing
The purpose of the following essay is to discuss inttelectual property rights and its relation to
software, I will then futher discuss the patentabillity of software.
Since the use of the first computer, software has been considered as an addition to the hardware. The
law was adapted to treat software as such. and as such law was made to treat it rightfully like so I.e.
Example law (insert quote here ).
An ongoing opening is rife in the world of law that computing has its own law however these this
has been dispeled by individuals such as Judge Frank Easterbrook who states there is no such thing
as computer law, and goes on to compare justify this statement by useing Dean Gerhard Casper
declaration in xxx that there was no "law of the horse". (Easterbrook, 1996)
Whast is commonly computer law actually refers to a myrid of eclectic amalgamation connected of
concepts that exist in from existing law and said laws are subseqently , which are applied to the
relatively new the claiming of inttelectuall rights for technologies of computer hardware and
computer software, e–mail,security theroms and the Internet and other networks like it.
The objective of this essay is to explorer the nature of software and draw comparisons to objects in
different paradigms to ascertain as to whether the current method of creating patents for software is
correct..
For the sake of this essay I will use Marianne Doig

Steganography Is The Method Of Hiding A Secret Message
Abstract: Steganography is the method of hiding a secret message with in a cover medium. The
intention of steganography is secret communication to hide the existence of a message from a third
party. It has found use in variously in diplomatic, personal, military and intellectual property
application. This paper emphasis is on digital applications and current and future use of
steganography, focusing on hiding information in online image files. Examples of software tools
that employ steganography to hide data inside of other files as well as software to detect such hidden
files will also be presented.
Introduction: In today's information technology era, the internet has played a crucial part in the
communication and information sharing. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
All of those use redundant bits to replace by message bits. Therefore "Text" steganography is not a
famous technique; rather it is less likely used as a cover medium as it contains less redundant
information. Similarly audio and video steganography are less used method for their large size and
complex algorithm for compression and coding. Again in protocol steganography, messages are
inserted in network layer. Which may result in increasing the network congestion. So image
embedding is a famous technique in the area of steganography because it contains larger amount of
redundant bits and changes in least significant bit is unrealizable to human eye. In short:
steganography_medium = hidden–message + carrier + key
Digital Image Carrier Methods:
In digital steganography techniques mostly graphical images file are used as the carrier medium
because of large amount of redundant bits and its simplicity. Messages can be hidden in digital
media in number of ways. The most common steganography method in image files employs some
type of least significant bit substitution or overwriting. In this method high–order or most significant
bit is the one with the highest arithmetic value (i.e., 27=128), while the low–order or least
significant bit is the one with the lowest arithmetic value (i.e., 20=1). In this approach only few bits
of image are overwritten by the message (ASCII) value, the numeric value of the byte

Essay On Database Security And Encryption
International Journal of Computer Applications (0975 – 888)
Volume 47– No.12, June 2012
Database Security and Encryption: A Survey Study
Iqra Basharat
Farooque Azam
National University of Sciences and
Technology (NUST), H–12,
Islamabad, Pakistan
National University of Sciences and
Technology (NUST), H–12,
Islamabad, Pakistan
ABSTRACT
Security in today's world is one of the important challenges that people are facing all over the world
in every aspect of their lives. Similarly security in electronic world has a great significance. In this
paper, we survey the security of database.
This is an area of substantial interest in database because we know that, the use of database is
becoming very important in
today's ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Data/information is always a most important asset for any organization whose security cannot be
compromised. With the advances in technology, the risk to these valuable assets increases. So their
security is a big challenge. In [8] different database security layers are defined shown in figure (2)
below. These layers are: database administrator, system administrator, security officer, developers
and employee. For each layer some well–defined security policies have been anticipated. These
policies ensure the security features, privacy, confidentiality and integrity.
This study mainly focuses on issues in databases security and measures taken to solve those issues.
Securing sensitive data from illegal access, theft and forging becomes a big challenge for different
organizations, like government, no–government and privates sectors. Encryption of data in client or
server side where data is shared between different parties is not sufficient.
Basically the problem is to ensure that semi trusted database is secure or not. [6]

28
International Journal of Computer Applications (0975 – 888)
Volume 47– No.12, June 2012
A new hypothesis for database encryption is proposed in which database encryption can be provided
as a service to applications with unified access to encrypted database. Using such an encrypted data
management model, applications can concentrate on their core businesses and protect data privacy
against both malicious outsiders and the

Microsoft Office : The Market For Decades Essay
Microsoft Office has been in the market for decades. All of us who learned how to use the computer
started with the tech giant, Microsoft. However, with the rise of many other tech companies,
Microsoft now earned its fair share of competition – Google.
Being an auditor for many years, I have utilized Microsoft Office in my daily work routine –– from
writing reports in Word, to using Excel as my worksheet and then PowerPoint for presentation
purposes. It is safe to say that I am very much familiar working on Microsoft Office. When I moved
to the United States and studied Master of Business Administration, I found out that almost every
group I participate in most of my classes uses Google Docs, instead of Microsoft Office.
But which of these two is better?
Let me start by providing a brief comparison of the two platforms. Both Microsoft and Google offer
similar productivity applications:
Features Microsoft Office Google Apps
E–mail Outlook Gmail
Word Processing Word Docs
Spreadsheet Excel Sheets
Presentation PowerPoint Slides
Intranet Sharing SharePoint Sites, Groups
Instant Messaging, Video Call Lync Google Chat
When it comes to basic features, these two behave alike. Furthermore, both companies offer add–
ons through a centralized marketplace that can customize and enhance a user's platform. However,
despite the similarity, Microsoft Office and Google Apps have some very different attributes. I will
focus my discussion on three most common applications. Here's my

Linex VS Mac VS Windows
Linux vs. Mac vs. Windows Linux vs. Mac vs. Windows The operating systems Linux®,
Macintosh® (Mac) and Microsoft® Windows® are the main software to every computer system to
run properly along with other hardware. These operating systems (OS 's) are very different in
several ways, but they also have some similarities too. Linux, Mac and Windows use memory
management, process management, file management and security management to operate the
computer systems correctly. The first management to compare and contrast between the three OS is
memory management. Memory management is a process of handling computer memory to different
programs to operate a system effectively. This type of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The user could be running a service or daemon that will continue running when the user is no longer
logged into the system. Generally, users cannot modify processes that are being run by other users,
the root (system administrator) user or the process owner would have to modify any process.
However, some users can be granted special permissions to be able to modify the processes of
others, if the system administrator would like to give them that permission. Mac Process
Management Because Mac is a BSD–style operating system, it is also a multi–user operating
system. However, since Mac is more of a desktop OS, it is not common to see many users accessing
the system at the same time. In spite of this, the process management in Mac is very similar to Linux
because they are both UNIX–based operating systems. One key difference is that with Mac most
people would modify and control processes from with the GUI and most users would modify the
processes using ps on Linux. Windows Process Management In general, Windows is not a multi–
user operating system, unless it is a Windows Terminal Server, meaning that it was not designed to
handle more than one user at a time, whereas Linux and Mac are both multi–user operating systems
and is capable of handling multiple users at a time. Windows however, can run multiple processes as
different users concurrently. With all three operating systems, users cannot terminate or modify the
process priority for other

Comparing Endnote, Zotero And Mendeley Reference...
Abstract:
A personal bibliographic database which holds the information about each book, chapter, article, or
any other type of material which you have read or used as part of your study and research can be
built by a Reference management software. The user can download records for material which he
had read from online searches and can use the software to insert references into the Word
documents. According to the chosen style the software will format the citations and bibliography. In
this paper we are going to compare Endnote, Zotero and Mendeley reference management software's
based on their capability of generating accurate bibliographies and their features.
Introduction:
The method which used to demonstrate to your readers that you ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
A reference manager allows you to perform the following
It allows you to search for a particular reference which you need to refer back. print or save a list of
references insert citations into your document automatically produce a bibliography in whatever
style you require
Import citations from bibliographic databases and websites
Allow annotation of citations
Allow sharing of the RM database or portions thereof with colleagues
Allow data interchange with other RM products through standard metadata. Work with word
processing software to facilitate in–text citation
Literature review:
After the development of the Reference Management Software (RMs) the research landscape has
witnessed a bigger change. People have moved from the PC revolution of the 1980s to the World
Wide Web and finally Web 2.0 (O 'Reilly 2005). The traditional RMs were developed for desktop
which required floppy disk and they had some major features that are available in present day RMs.
They exhibit features such as organizing references, storing references and creating bibliographies in
a variety of styles and also had a feature of word processing integration (Warling 1992). In today 's
world of open–source and Web 2.0 start–ups, there is a corresponding emergence of RMs that are
tailored to the demands of users with different needs and expectations. In today's world there is a
greater demand for the RMs. The platform where one author produces content for many has been

Linux vs Windows
LINUX vs. WINDOWS
The debate on Windows vs. Linux is truly an on going one with no end in site. Regardless how you
come at this juncture you are usually a UNIX supporter or a customer of Microsoft OS and products
who are grateful for products of Microsoft. We will in the following paragraphs try to compare the
advantages and disadvantages of these different systems. We will give a brief description on the cost
of these products, what kind of market–share these two systems hold, the availability of application
software, and the different types of Hardware needed. We will briefly describe the functionality,
performance, File System Comparisons, and the Security that comes with these products. On the
Personal Computer show in December 2003 ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The protection from viruses and worms is an incredible advantage Linux system has over Windows.
Linux possesses much greater processing power than Windows. Linux Servers holds a 39.6 percent
market share, while Windows makes up the second largest percentage of server operating systems
with 32.2 percent market share. In comparing the cost and market–share each system has its edge in
different situation. No one single type of operating system can offer universal answers to all your
computing needs.
Availability of Application software
Both Windows and Linux come in many flavors. All the flavors of Windows come from Microsoft,
the various distributions of Linux come from different companies (Linspire, Red Hat, SuSE,
Ubuntu, Mandriva, Knoppix, Slackware, Lycoris). Windows has two main lines: Win9x, which
consists of Windows 95, 98, 98SE, and NT class, which consists of Windows NT, 2000 and XP.
(Burgess, 2001) Windows actually started, in the old days, with version 3.x which pre–dated
Windows 95 by a few years. All the Linux distributions released around the same time frame will
use the same kernel. (Burgess, 2001) They differ in the add on software provided, GUI, install
process, price, documentation and technical support. Both Linux and Windows come in desktop and
server editions. Linux is customizable in a way that Windows is not. There are many special purpose
versions of Linux above and beyond the full blown

The Multics Operating System Project Undertaken At The...
The Multics operating system project undertaken at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology
(MIT) in the 1960s was a novel and powerful approach that helped shape the subsequent course of
computing technology. In particular, Multics served as the model for utility computing and the
various kinds of on–demand software, platforms, and infrastructure services that exist today. Multics
was the first instance of the cloud. Leaving networked computers inside, Multics also offered a
novel approach to hierarchical file structures that served as a model for future security approaches.
Description of Multics: From Inception to Last Instance Multics is the shortened name of the
Multiplexed Information and Computing Service. Multics grew out of the idea, proposed by MIT's
John McCarthy and some other computer scientists in the 1950s, that computers ought to have time–
sharing capabilities (Garfinkel, 1999). At the time, computers were used by one person at a time,
which was economically and scientifically inefficient (Bourne, 1978). There were various
demonstrations of effective time–sharing on computers before the debut of Multics (Creasy, 1981).
The true novelty of Multics lay in McCarthy's vision, promoted in a 1961 lecture, for computing as a
utility (Steele Jr, 1975). McCarthy suggested that, in the future, computing power could be allocated
among geographically dispersed users, much in the manner that an electrical utility disperses
electricity to a large and geographically

Operating Systems: Current Development of Windows and Linux
INTRODUCTION
An operating system is a collection of programs written in low level languages that control the
resources of a computer. It manages the computer's memory, processes, and all of its software and
hardware. Operating system acts as an interface between the users and the hardware which allows
the user to communicate with the computer without a language barrier. Booting is the process that
occurs when users press the power button to turn the computer on. During this process, the computer
runs tests to make sure everything is working correctly, checks for new hardware and then starts up
the operating system by loading it into the main memory. The operating system ensures the best use
of the computer resources and provides ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
2. Linux(Open Source Operating System )
It has been more than 20 years since Linus was found. Linus Torvalds, founder of Linux OS sparked
an open source revolution with a short email declaring he was doing a new project "just for fun" and
now Linux powers world's super computers and other gadgets. Basically Linux is everywhere.
Linux kernel development proceeds under a loose, time–based release model, with a new major
kernel release occurring every 2–3 months. This model, which was first formalized in 2005, gets
new features into the mainline kernel and out to users with a minimum of delay. That, in turn, speeds
the pace of development and minimizes the number of external changes that distributors
The latest Linux runs entirely on Chrome operating system and now Linux trying to move on to a
new world of Linux desktops which is the Cloud–based Linux distributions, such as Chrome
operating system and Peppermint.
The current stable Linux version 3.13.6 and Linux version 3.14 will be released soon with much
more improved Intel Broadwell graphic support and also improved other features
Evolution of windows
Released Date Version Description
November 20, 1985 Windows 1.01 – 16–bit OS that cost less than 1MB
– Microsoft's first OS that allows multitasking with graphical user interface
– Runs on MS–DOS 5.0
1986 Windows 1.03 – Upgrade of Windows 1.01

Using the VinLogic Simulation Model: Insights Gained and...
Insights Gained and Lessons Learned
Using The VinLogic Simulation Model
Introduction
Operations management is comprised of a series of concepts and frameworks that are best learned
through the use of simulations and constraint–based modeling to show the effects of one decision on
corporate performance. This is especially true in the areas of logistics, transportation and supply
chain management optimization, The VinLogic Simulation Model has specifically been designed to
take into account the iterative nature of these disciplines, showing how trade–offs in one area of
supply chain and logistics affect the performance of an enterprises' entire supply chain (Vinlogic,
2012). Simulation Dynamics has created a highly effective learning application that can be
iteratively used to learn how the constraints involved with logistics and supply chain planning and
management impact the overall performance of any organization.
Transportation and Delivery Lessons Learned
Where the VinLogic Simulation Model is most effective as a learning tool is how easily it is to
iteratively plan and execute workflows both from a tabular and graphical standpoint. It is evident
there are advanced constraint–based software being used to ensure the application stays accurate and
flexible across the many scenarios it completed during a lessons session. What is also very useful
from a learning standpoint is how effectively this simulation tool or application can define a wide
variety of logistics,

Case Study: California Divided Hosting
California Dedicated Hosting When considering a solution that benefits both its owners and its
users, Dedicated Servers are often the resolution to the problem of not having enough processing
power or flexibility for one's website. A server in itself is defined as a device that offers a functional
environment for users to run programs or separate devices. Even though many use these servers for
databases, multiplayer gaming, and applications, numerous use them as businesses to host their own
website. In comparison to the smaller, less expensive idea of a shared webhosting service, Dedicated
Server's often give you improved reliability and more freedom overall. Due to business owners
having relatively high traffic on their websites, it is often ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
System administration generally supplies their users with 24/7 support, with a promise of 99.9%
uptime. When upgrading from a VPS to a dedicated, they provide the necessary tools available that
will not only benefit your website's performance, but allow their files to be transferred smoothly and
efficiently. In addition, you are provided with an advanced control panel to access the same features
and management privileges that a server monitor is capable of. In the event that there is a natural or
technical disaster, server management maintains a backup that will restore your server to how it was
before the issue occurred. Recovering this data through a backup is crucial owing to the fact that the
data is often customer's secure information. If this is lost, your business could be seen as
untrustworthy and

Selecting A Computerized Pmis ( Project Management...
UNIT VII ESSAY George Nour Columbia Southern University Dr. Antonio Tovar MBA 6931
Project Management Strategy and Tactic 11/4/2014 Selecting a Computerized PMIS (Project
Management Information System) The software industry offers many packages and online tools that
allow project control and management. Many market offerings are related to the industry for which
it is intended. To make a rational, well–informed selection that can really benefit the organization,
we need to establish the selection criteria and the characteristics used to evaluate it, and then asses
the features suitable for the type of business the organization is enrolled in. Real projects are often
extremely large, with hundreds of tasks and thousands of work ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
– Customizability: The system needs to be able to adapt to any type of operation. This can be done
by allowing the PM to rename to re–structure the project activities and re–label certain tasks, team
names, resources, terms, folders, and so on. – Expandability: The system needs to be able to grow
with the organization and at the same time handle a large or unlimited number of concurrent
projects. The system also needs to be able to visually and logically separate between projects while
allowing the PM to draw from a global or a customized pool of resources. – Reliability and security:
The system needs to be accessible at any time by any team member. It also needs to provide a high
level of security that guards the organizational data and all relevant information about its projects
and activities. – Scheduling: The system needs to support Gantt charts and automatic cost
recalculation which updates times, costs, and resources. The software should also be able to display
AON or AOA networks and plots of earliest start, scheduled start, slack/float, latest finish, planned
finish, and actual finish times. Naturally, the tool should allow creating activities and tasks,
assigning resources or individuals, setting deadlines, and drafting timeline diagrams of concurrent
tasks/projects. The system should also allow forming teams, groups, and allow

Networking Standards ( Osi Layers )
ASA College Division of Computer Technology Telecommunications Concepts (CIS 125)
Instructor: Uma R. Jinna Term Project Networking Standards (OSI Layers) 01/14/2015 Iurii Mocanu
Table of Contents Introduction 3 Advantages of Computer Networking 3 Disadvantages of
Networking 4 Networking Standards (OSI Layers) 6 Layer 1: The Physical Layer 6 Layer 2: The
Data Link Layer 6 Layer 3: The Network Layer 7 Layer 4: The Transport Layer 8 Layer 5: The
Session Layer 8 Layer 6: The Presentation Layer 8 Layer 7: The Application Layer 9 Conclusion 9
Bibliography 11 Introduction The ability to send and receive data efficiently is the most important
objective of networking computers. A computer network is a network that consist of two or more
computers that are able to share information between them or their users. There are a large variety of
different networks and the advantages or disadvantages are strongly related to the type of network
we choose. Advantages 1. Simple communication and quickness It is very easy to communicate
through a network. People can communicate efficiently using a network with a group of people.
They can enjoy the benefit of emails, instant texting, telephony, video conferencing, chat rooms. 2.
Possibility to Share Files, Data and Information This is one of the crucial advantages of networking
computers. Everyibe can find and share data because of networking. This is beneficial for large
organizations to maintain their information in an

Similarities Between MP3 And Mp3
MP3 and Ogg file formats comparison
MP3 file format
There exist numerous types aural files.Thus, if you desire to alter the sound formats or replicate the
files so that they become playable in different audio players, you ought to be knowledgeable with
various file types.These file types can be differentiated through examination of the file name
extension.With that in mind, there are compacted audio file types which are preferred by many when
downloading, copying, and storing. MP3(.mp3) and OGG(.ogg) are two of the frequently used
compressed audio file types. The types are christened as lossy compression audio formats. MPEG–1
Audio Layer III or in short MP3 is a revolutionary digitized aural file format which permits the
audio file to be compressed ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
–Between the two formats, MP3 is more common than OGG Vorbis.
–Regarding sound quality, OGG Vorbis is better than MP3.
– MP3 is restricted by copyrights while OGG Vorbis is free for all.
–In MP3 the bit rate of compression remains unchanged and cannot be varied while in OGG Vorbis
the compression bit rate can be varied according to your requirements.
– Fraunhofer–Gesellschaft and Thompson Multimedia developed the MP3 while the Viph.Org
Foundation created OGG Vorbis.
So between MP3 vs. Ogg Which Should You go for?
Now that you know the difference between the two formats which one is best for you?Owing to its
early introduction into the world of file sharing, MP3 became tremendously fashionable. Its
recognition is based on the reality that the phrase MP3 was synonymic with Compressed audio. The
word MP3 is often used by some people to mean any aural file. On the other hand, the OGG Vorbis
file format is increasingly becoming trendy among developers due to its better–quality sound and
free for all code base. Nowadays, the hardware and toy makers are employing OGG Vorbis in the
encoding of their audio files to evade MP3 patent problems and attain well–organized compression.
Though, most of the portable music players or MP3 players do not support the format of OGG
Vorbis.The game development industry highly favors the OGG Vorbis format as it has been
significantly used in some recent

Marketing Analysis Of Siebel And Salesforce
4.4.2.2 Marketing functions
Both Siebel and Salesforce offer a fully integrated CRM products to support marketing functions
like campaign management, circulate proposals, content management, email integration, automating
circulars, reporting and analysis, response tracking. The Sales and the marketing functions work
closely from campaigning, capturing leads, turning to opportunities and then finally to accounts.
Each steps offer management activities to each individual entities to optimize the process, improve
efficiency and stream line the process to improve sales and market to the right customer segment.
With evolving technology, ASP vendors offer various integration solutions for marketing teams to
reach customers online, offline, mobile, mail and other channels. The Marketing module allows to
create, update, and manage effective online campaigns, flexibility to integrate with 3rd party
softwares for marketing solutions. With this module, the sales and marketing teams work together to
capture, create and qualify leads, support sales team with sales process by offering leads, and exhibit
the marketing accountability based on the leads created.
4.4.2.3 Customer service functions
Both applications offer a wide range of customer service functions. Most of the large enterprises
hold customer service centers to support customers through online or through call centers. As the
services are more customer centric, and support customers in terms of tracking all interactions with
the

Linux Versus Windows Xp : Pros And Cons
Comparison Report
Linux versus Windows XP: The Pros and Cons
This may be the perfect time to move over to Linux, since Windows XP was officially retired in
2014. Although we can continue using Windows XP, the two most important factors to consider are
1) there will no longer be security patches released by Microsoft; and 2) they are no longer
supporting this product.
Additionally, our older XP machines may not support newer Windows releases, especially 8.1,
because it needs significantly more power and storage. Also, some XP applications may not work on
newer versions of Windows. So to run 8.1 on older PCs, there will be a lot of configuring to do
which takes time and money. All machines will need at least 4 GB of ram.
That said, both Windows XP and Linux each have their advantages and disadvantages. To help
determine what technology option is best in the long run for the company (i.e., to keep Windows XP
or switch to Linux), the team recommends that you perform a careful analysis with respect to cost,
performance and risk to make the right technology decision. We don't envy your position–which is
challenging–one that can affect the company 's total cost of ownership (TCO) and return–on–
investment (ROI), positively or negatively.
Windows
Windows XP will continue to work, security is a major concern. Although security companies still
support XP, at some point we could find ourselves vulnerable. Without security patches, cyber
criminals will have more opportunities to

Operating System Comparisons
Operating System Comparisons PRG/355 February 4, 2013 Operating System Comparisons Table of
Contents Introduction 3 Memory Management 3 Process Management 6 File Management 7
Security 8 Conclusion 9 References 11 Introduction An operating system (OS) is software that
manages the hardware and software resources of a computer system. Basically an OS is a set of
libraries or functions which programs may use to perform specific tasks relating to interfacing with
computer system components (The Computer Technology Documentation Project, n.d.). Advantages
and disadvantages exist in every operating system. Reviewed in this paper is a comparison of some
of the primary responsibilities of popular operating ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The kernel maintains a list of free pages for each zone. Each zone has its own page allocator that
allocates and frees memory as needed. Mac OS X is a little different as compared to the older MAC
OS virtual memory. Similar to Windows OS, when Mac OS X needs memory it pushes something
currently not needed into a swap file for temporary storage (OSX Daily, 2010). The swap file
concept is also known as virtual memory. Mac OS X, because it is built on the UNIX core, relies
heavily on swap files and paging for general memory and cache management. Virtual memory, also
known as secondary memory or secondary storage, typically refers to hard disk storage and is much
slower than main memory. Advantages of virtual memory include; running more than one
application at a time, the ability to run larger programs with less RAM, applications may launch
faster because of file mapping, and the user does not have to buy more main memory (RAM).
Disadvantages of virtual memory include; applications run slower than if loaded into main memory,
increased time to switch between applications, less hard drive space for the users use, and some may
argue reduced system stability is inherent to virtual memory. Linux's virtual memory system is
responsible for the memory visible to each process. The memory system creates virtual memory on
demand and swaps pages in and out of main memory to the disk as needed. Virtual memory is
divided into regions called backing. Backing is

An Introduction to Windows 2000 Professional Essay
An Introduction to Windows 2000 Professional Reliability
Windows 2000 Professional is up to 30 percent faster and, according to National Software Testing
Labs (NSTL) tests, 13 times more reliable than Windows 98. The operating system is the most
reliable version of Windows ever produced.
Memory conflicts and missing or altered system files caused many of the system crashes prior to
Windows 2000. To put an end to these problems, Microsoft changed Windows 2000 memory
management to reduce the chance that software applications will interfere with one another. In
addition, Windows 2000 includes a built–in safeguard called Windows File Protection. This feature
helps prevent critical operating system files from being deleted or ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
NSTL collected uptime data in the real–world environment of several customer sites and concluded
that the average system uptime between failures of Windows 2000 Professional is 13 times more
than that of Windows 98 and three times more than that of Windows NT Workstation 4.0. The
following graph shows results of the test. Another test conducted by ZD labs showed that over a 90
day period Windows 2000 Professional did not fail, while Windows 98 and Windows NT did.
IT managers have stated unequivocally that Windows 2000 Professional provides far superior
performance and reliability compared to Windows 95. The reported performance disparity between
Windows 98 Second Edition, Windows NT Workstation and Windows 2000 Professional has not
been as extreme as with Windows 95, but significant improvements do exist. A 300 percent increase
in hardware support, significant improvements in hardware utilization and the long–awaited
combination of stability and user friendliness for laptop systems are just a few examples ((2)
Windows).
Mobile Use
Windows 2000 Professional is quickly becoming the operating system of choice by mobile users.
One big reason is that this latest version of Windows includes a number of notebook–friendly
features, including communications tools for dial–up networking. Windows 2000 Professional
contains

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