The document summarizes the key causes and events of World War II from 1939 to 1945. It discusses the six main causes, including dissatisfaction with the Treaty of Versailles in Germany, the rise of fascism in Germany and Italy under Hitler and Mussolini, the policy of appeasement by European nations, Japan's invasion of China, the failure of the League of Nations to prevent aggression, and Hitler's invasion of Poland in 1939. It then outlines the major military campaigns and battles between the Allied and Axis powers, culminating in the US atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 1945 that led to Japan's surrender, ending WWII.

1. THE SECOND
WORLD WAR
1st September 1939
to
2nd September 1945
- Suhas Mandlik

2. Causes
of
WWII
Dissatisfac
-tion with
Treaty of
Versailles
Rise of
Fascism
and
Nazism
Policy of
Appease-
ment
Japanese
invasion
of China
Failure
of LN
Hitler's
Invasion
of Poland

3. 1. Dissatisfaction with Treaty of Versailles:
• After WWI, instead of solving the problem, Treaty of
Versailles created more problems.
• On the basis of revenge, Germany was asked to give away
her territories & colonies, pay heavy compensations,
reduce military & naval power and was humiliated and
forced to sign it.
• Germany was looking for an opportunity to get rid of
this Treaty and this was not possible without aggressive
foreign policy.
• So, the war was inevitable (unavoidable).
CAUSES OF SECOND WORLD WAR

4. 2. Rise of Fascism and Nazism:
• Rise of Dictatorship in Italy and Germany was another
important cause which led to WWII.
• Mussolini opposed Treaty of Versailles and followed
aggressive foreign policy. LN couldn’t stop Italy and its
Dictator- Mussolini.
• Similarly in Germany, Hitler opposed Treaty of Versailles
and even he followed rearmament and aggressive foreign
policy and had started acquiring new territories.
• Hitler and Mussolini took the countries of the world
towards another World War.
CAUSES OF SECOND WORLD WAR

5. 3. Policy of Appeasement:
• Policy of Appeasement means accepting the hostile
demands of an aggressive nation to gain peace.
• England & France believed that Germany & Italy had
reason to fight and so followed appeasement policy
towards both the nation with the hope that would stop
them from going to war again. They also didn’t want
Germany & Italy to join Russian Communists. So they
allowed Germany to get its territories back.
• If England and France would not have followed this
policy, Fascism and Nazism would not have taken
other countries of the world towards War.
CAUSES OF SECOND WORLD WAR

6. 4. Japanese invasion of China:
• Japan’s ambitions rose after WWI.
• LN opposed Japan not to enter Manchuria. Still Japan attacked
Manchuria.
• In 1931, Japan invaded China.
• China asked LN to help. But France & England did not pay any
attention to it.
• Japan joined Berlin & Rome and formed Berlin-Rome-Tokyo
Axis.
• Japan left LN and started acquiring British and American properties
in China.
• England & France followed Policy of Appeasement and
allowed Japan to weaken China. Thus, the war was inevitable.
CAUSES OF SECOND WORLD WAR

7. 5. Failure of League of Nations:
• LN was formed to avoid Wars.
• USA didn’t join LN.
• Even the members who had joined LN weren't following the
principles of LN.
• LN could stop small nations. But bigger nations didn’t
pay attention to LN.
• Countries like Italy & Germany weren't even considering LN’s
existence.
• LN failed to maintain world peace. LN members
themselves entered into military alliances and took the
countries of the world towards the war.
CAUSES OF SECOND WORLD WAR

8. 6. Hitler’s invasion of Poland:
• Hitler invaded Poland on 1st September 1939 for the following
reasons:
a) Treaty of Versailles had divided Germany into two parts in
order to give Poland land route to Poland upto the sea. Port of
Danzing was also given to Poland.
b) Through Danzing, Germany could get connected with East
Prussia.
c) Germany had accused Poland for being unjust with the
Germans staying there. Germany had signed non-aggression
with Russia in August 1939. And attacked Poland in
September.
CAUSES OF SECOND WORLD WAR
(IMMEDIATE CAUSE)

9. AXIS POWERS
V/S
ALLIED POWERS
•Germany + Italy + Japan
= Axis Powers
•Britain + France + USA
= Allied Powers

10. Germany
attached
Poland.
Russia also
attacked
Poland.
Germany
attacked & won
Norway,
Denmark &
Holland
Germany attacked
France & Britain
(Fall of France,
Reply of Britain)
Germany
attacked Russia
Berlin Trap
Germany V/S
Russians, British
& Americans.

11. • USA was strictly neutral during the war.
• However, later USA decided to help Britain and China in
order to keep itself safe.
• Japan knew that USA, had a US Pacific Fleet based at
Pearl Harbour in Hawaii.
• On December 7, 1941 Japan launched a secret aerial
attack on Pearl Harbour. Battleships were sunk and
airfields were destroyed. 3700 were killed.
• Japanese didn’t destroy the ship repair workshops
and didn’t destroy US carriers. As a results the damaged
ships were repaired and back in action.
ENTRY OF USA INTO THE WAR

12. • Americans attacked SW Pacific islands controlled by
Japan.
• US destroyed fleet of Japan. Still Japan had strong
control in China.
• Japanese in Philippines, young pilots formed
KAMIKAZE (suicide air corps)landing planes loaded
with explosive weapons. Even civilians where trained to
use variety of weapons. This made it more challenging.
• Long before attacking Japan, US had worked and
successfully tested it first atomic bomb. After debate,
the decision of using the bomb was taken.
AMERICA’S REPLY TO JAPAN

13. • Before dropping the atomic bomb on Japan, they dropped
leaflets warning about the deadly weapon advising
Japanese people and government to end the fighting.
• On August 6, 1945 the first atomic bomb was dropped at
Hiroshima. It destroyed half of the city Hiroshima killing
thousands.
• Inspite of that Japanese didn’t surrender, so another bomb
was dropped at Nagasaki on August 9,1945.
• On September 2, 1945, Japan finally surrendered.
• After 6 long years, WWII ended.
BOMBING HIROSHIMA &
NAGASAKI

14. Consequences
of WWII
Defeat of
Axis
Powers
Formation
of UN
Cold War

15. 1. Defeat of Axis Powers:
• By 1942, the tide started flowing against Axis Powers
(Germany, Italy & Japan).
• Allied powers (Britain, France, Soviet Union, USA) had
recaptured many territories.
• Italy was defeated. Rhine was recaptured & finally defeated
Germany.
• Hitler committed suicide after defeat on April 30, 1945.
• Then it was Japan’s turn. British liberated Myanmar,
Philippines, Singapore and other countries. Japan was asked to
surrender but it didn’t do that. So had to face the
consequences in the form of bombing at Hiroshima and
Nagasaki.
CONSEQUENCES OF WWII

16. After war Axis Powers had to face following
consequences:
1. Germany was divided into zones and each zone was
under the army of Allied Powers. (West Germany:
Federal Republic Germany-FRG & East Germany:
German Democratic Republic- GDR)
2. Japan and Italy also became very weak. Till 1952,
American army controlled Japan.
3. Japan was forced to return all territories acquired
forcefully.
CONSEQUENCES OF WWII

17. 2. Formation of UN:
• After two wars and failure of LN, in 1945- Roosevelt
(President of USA), Churchill (PM of Britain) and
Stalin (Premier of USSR) in a meeting decided to
form UN.
• They invited all nation at San Francisco conference
and drew ‘Charter of the UN.’
• On October 24, 1945 UNO was established.
CONSEQUENCES OF WWII

18. 3. Cold War:
• During WWII, USSR and USA fought together. However,
towards the end the harmony between the two decreased.
• Extreme political tension was created due to two nations.
• The state of tension where one country strengthens itself
and weaken other with armed conflict is termed as Cold
War.
• The world was divided into two power blocs:
A) Democratic and Capitalist Bloc (Western Bloc) led
by USA
B) Communist Bloc (Eastern Bloc) led by USSR
CONSEQUENCES OF WWII