The Scopes of Psycholinguistics.pptx
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Psycholinguistics deals with the mental processes involved in language use, including comprehension, production, and acquisition. It is an interdisciplinary field that integrates psychology and linguistics. The document discusses various topics within psycholinguistics such as semantics, syntax, phonology, pragmatics, garden path sentences, indirect requests, aphasia, language acquisition in children, and the relationship between the brain and language.
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The universal grammar approach
This document discusses Noam Chomsky's theory of Universal Grammar and its implications for first and second language acquisition. Some key points:
- Chomsky proposed that all humans are born with an innate, universal grammar that explains underlying linguistic knowledge. This helps explain why language acquisition follows similar developmental patterns across languages.
- Universal Grammar consists of principles that are universal across languages and parameters that can vary between languages. Learners need only set parameter values based on the language input.
- Evidence from first language acquisition supports the idea that children arrive at complex grammatical rules too quickly to learn from input alone, suggesting an innate linguistic system.
- Universal Grammar can account for both first and second language acquisition, as second language
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This document discusses Noam Chomsky's theory of Universal Grammar and its application to language acquisition and learning. It begins by introducing Chomsky's work in the 1960s questioning how children can produce novel sentences if language is learned through conditioning alone. It then defines Universal Grammar as the innate, universal principles and parameters that are part of the human language faculty. The document outlines some key aspects of Universal Grammar, including principles that are shared across all languages and parameters that allow for variation. It discusses arguments for and against Universal Grammar, hypotheses about how UG is accessed in first and second language acquisition, and debates around issues like whether parameters can be reset in a second language. Overall, the document provides an overview of Chomsky's influential theory of Universal Grammar
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Individual learner differences and l2 acquisition
1. Individual differences like age, intelligence, aptitude, motivation, and learning strategies affect how successful learners are in acquiring a second language even if they experience the same instruction.
2. Key factors that influence success include language aptitude (e.g. phonemic coding ability, inductive language learning ability), motivation types (integrative, instrumental, intrinsic), and cognitive learning strategies used.
3. Aptitude and motivation positively correlate with second language acquisition performance, while different learning strategies may suit different instructional methods.
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Field independence refers to the ability to perceive a relevant item in a distracting field, while field dependence refers to perceiving the total field as a unified whole rather than individual parts. Common compensatory strategies used by language learners include prefabricated patterns like memorized phrases without understanding components, code-switching between languages, and directly appealing for help when stuck for a word. Research on applying learning and communication strategies to classrooms has come to be known as communicative language teaching.
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This document discusses Noam Chomsky's theory of Universal Grammar and its implications for first and second language acquisition. Some key points:
- Chomsky proposed that all humans are born with an innate, universal grammar that explains underlying linguistic knowledge. This helps explain why language acquisition follows similar developmental patterns across languages.
- Universal Grammar consists of principles that are universal across languages and parameters that can vary between languages. Learners need only set parameter values based on the language input.
- Evidence from first language acquisition supports the idea that children arrive at complex grammatical rules too quickly to learn from input alone, suggesting an innate linguistic system.
- Universal Grammar can account for both first and second language acquisition, as second language
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Individual learner differences and l2 acquisition
1. Individual differences like age, intelligence, aptitude, motivation, and learning strategies affect how successful learners are in acquiring a second language even if they experience the same instruction.
2. Key factors that influence success include language aptitude (e.g. phonemic coding ability, inductive language learning ability), motivation types (integrative, instrumental, intrinsic), and cognitive learning strategies used.
3. Aptitude and motivation positively correlate with second language acquisition performance, while different learning strategies may suit different instructional methods.
Krashen
Stephen Krashen developed theories of second language acquisition that reject the central role of grammar instruction and emphasize communication and comprehensible input. His theories were influenced by Vygotsky's work on cognitive development and the zone of proximal development. Krashen proposed five main hypotheses: acquisition-learning, monitor, natural order, input, and affective filter. According to Krashen, language is acquired through meaningful interaction and comprehensible input rather than formal instruction. The natural approach focuses on developing basic communication skills through activities that lower students' anxiety and increase comprehensible input, such as pictures, real-world tasks, and group work. However, some linguists disagree with Krashen's view and argue that formal instruction may be better
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- Behaviorism posits that language is learned through reinforcement but fails to explain innate language structures.
- Chomsky argued language has an innate "language acquisition device" based on limited language input children receive. However, it neglects the social context of language.
- Cognitive theories link language development to cognitive development but cannot fully explain syntax.
- Input/interactionist theories emphasize the importance of language interactions with caregivers, though children still progress through similar stages across cultures. Overall, the theories provide partial rather than complete explanations of language acquisition.
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Age - Younger learners have advantages like brain plasticity and weaker identity, while older learners' advantages include learning capacity, analytic ability, and life experience.
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Aptitude - Includes abilities like phonemic coding, grammar sensitivity, inductive learning, and memory that determine an individual's language learning ability.
Motivation - Requires effort, desire, and positive attitudes towards integrating with the target culture or gaining benefits from the second language.
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The document discusses cognitive factors that influence success in second language learning. It identifies three key cognitive factors: intelligence, language aptitude, and language learning strategies. Intelligence refers to mental abilities measured by IQ tests, and may play a stronger role in rule-based language learning than communicative learning. Language aptitude comprises an individual's ability to identify sounds, understand word functions, deduce rules, and memorize words - it is one of the strongest indicators of success. Effective language learners employ helpful strategies like planning, monitoring, and rehearsal. Teachers can support students' development by understanding these cognitive factors and tailoring their instruction accordingly.
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Psycholinguistics is the study of language processing mechanisms in the mind. It examines how meaning is computed and represented at the word, sentence, and discourse levels. Psycholinguistics uses experimental methods like reaction time tasks and eye tracking to understand language comprehension and production. The field also investigates how language is localized in the brain through studies of brain damaged patients and functional brain imaging.
First and Second Language Aquisition Theories
LanguLanguage Acquisition Theories
Definition of Language Acquisition
Physical Structure for Speech Development
5 basic stages of Language
Developmental Sequences
How to Enrich Child's speech
Theoretical Approaches to L1 Acquisition
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Age and language acquisition
1. Younger learners may learn a second language better in naturalistic contexts due to factors like implicit learning abilities, while older learners tend to perform better in formal instruction due to explicit learning skills.
2. The critical period hypothesis proposes that there is an ideal window for acquiring language naturally, but age effects on second language acquisition involve complex interactions between learner characteristics and the environment.
3. While older learners can still achieve high proficiency, younger learners may be more likely to develop native-like abilities in areas like pronunciation. Teaching methods should consider the different strengths of younger and older learners.
Definition and Scopo of Psycholinguistics
Psycholinguistics is the study of the cognitive and psychological processes underlying language acquisition, production, and comprehension. It investigates how the mind processes language and deals with the relationship between linguistic behavior and psychological mechanisms. Psycholinguistics has several sub-disciplines including theoretical psycholinguistics, developmental psycholinguistics, neuropsycholinguistics, and experimental psycholinguistics. It seeks to understand how language is acquired and produced by users as well as how the brain works in processing language.
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American structuralism was pioneered in the early 20th century by linguists such as Edward Sapir and Leonard Bloomfield. It is based on the idea that the structure of language can be understood through analyzing the relationships between linguistic units without reference to meaning. Bloomfield's approach known as American structuralism emphasized empirical observation and rejected mentalist explanations. It can be divided into two phases: Bloomfield's behaviorist approach and later distributionalism pioneered by Zellig Harris.
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This document provides an overview of an introduction to psycholinguistics textbook. It discusses the following key points in 3 sentences:
The textbook examines how children learn language through speech production and comprehension. It also explores topics like deaf language education, reading principles, the critical period for language learning, teaching language to animals, differences between child and adult second language learning, and theories on the relationship between language, thought and culture. The book proposes a new theory of grammar called Natural Grammar that aims to account for both speech comprehension and production.
The Psychology of Language Chapter 3
The document discusses several theories about the origins and nature of human language:
1) Language likely evolved gradually over millions of years as the human brain increased in size and complexity. The FOXP2 gene is associated with language abilities.
2) While animals communicate to some degree, no animal system meets all the criteria of human language such as recursion and displacement.
3) Different theories propose that language abilities are localized in the brain, develop during a critical period, require certain cognitive abilities, and emerge from social interactions.
The relationship between language and thought is complex and interdependent. While language likely has some indirect effects on cognition, it does not determine thought.
Lecture-1 An Introduction to Psycholinguistics.pdf
Psycholinguistics examines the relationship between language and the human mind. It combines aspects of both psychology and linguistics to study how humans acquire, produce, and comprehend language. Some key areas of study in psycholinguistics include language acquisition, speech production, and language comprehension. Language acquisition analyzes how children learn their first language and how adults learn a second language. Speech production models like Levelt's describe the cognitive processes involved in conceptualizing thoughts and formulating and articulating speech. Self-monitoring is an important part of speech production that allows speakers to correct errors.
Brief Introduction to Psycholinguistics
This document discusses psycholinguistics and language acquisition. It defines psycholinguistics as the study of the relationship between the human mind and language. Key aspects covered include language production, which involves conceptualization, formulation, articulation and self-monitoring. Language acquisition examines first language acquisition in children and theories like nature vs nurture. Second language acquisition looks at factors like age and motivation and compares it to first language acquisition.
Introduction to Psycholinguistics
Psycholinguistics is the study of the cognitive processes underlying language acquisition, production, and comprehension. It investigates how the human mind processes language and the relationship between language and the brain. Key areas of focus include language comprehension, production, and acquisition. Language comprehension involves deriving meaning from spoken or written language and is thought to occur mainly in Wernicke's area of the brain. Language production describes the stages between having a concept and translating it into linguistic form. Language acquisition refers to how humans develop the ability to use and understand language.
micro and macro linguistics
This document provides an overview of macro and micro linguistics. It defines macro linguistics as the study of language at a broader level, examining relationships between language and other disciplines like society, psychology, and geography. Micro linguistics is defined as the analysis of language at a more granular level, exploring elements such as sounds, words, and syntax. The document then outlines various branches of both macro and micro linguistics such as sociolinguistics, psycholinguistics, phonetics, morphology, and semantics. Assessment questions are also included to test the reader's understanding of the differences between macro and micro linguistic approaches.
Andrea campaña principles of language learning
This document provides an overview and summary of Principles of Language Learning and Teaching by H. Douglas Brown. It discusses key topics around second language acquisition including who learns language, how it is learned, and schools of thought. It also addresses age and acquisition, human learning, styles and strategies, personality and sociocultural factors, cross-linguistic influence, learner language, and communicative competence. The document is divided into multiple chapters that each explore these various aspects of language learning and teaching in more depth.
linguistics_material.pdf
Linguistics is the scientific study of human language including its structure, use, and the implications of these. It can be divided into theoretical linguistics, which studies the structural properties of language through topics like phonetics, phonology, morphology and syntax, and experimental and applied linguistics, which studies language in relation to other fields through topics like bilingualism, dialectology, historical linguistics, and language acquisition. Linguistics allows for many different approaches including descriptive/theoretical, synchronic/diachronic, and functional. It has wide applications in fields such as artificial intelligence, forensic linguistics, lexicography, machine translation, speech therapy, speech recognition, and language teaching.
Language acquistion theories
The document discusses three domains of language development - syntax, semantics, and pragmatics - and three theories of language acquisition: learning theory, nativist theory, and interactionist theory. Learning theory proposes that language is acquired through reinforcement of behaviors, nativist theory argues aspects of language are innate, and interactionist theory views language acquisition as an interplay between biological predispositions and social/environmental factors.
Psycholinguistics and foreign language teaching.
PG20- topics presented by group 4 with contents:
1, Definitions of linguistics 2, Key concepts of psycholinguistics 3, First language acquisition (FLA) 4, Second language learning ( SLL) 5, The similarities & differences between FLA & SLL
Interdisciplinary Fields.pptx
An interdisciplinary field combines two or more academic disciplines to tackle emerging problems. Psycholinguistics and neurolinguistics are two cognitive science interdisciplines that study language from the perspectives of both linguistics and psychology (psycholinguistics) or neurology (neurolinguistics). Psycholinguistics examines the cognitive processes involved in language acquisition, comprehension, and production. Neurolinguistics studies the brain areas and neural mechanisms responsible for language abilities. Both fields seek to understand how the mind and brain interact in the use of human language.
Reaction paper
During several ages, mankind have been interested in mental processes such as thinking and learning, and one of the most important of this processes is related to language and how it is learned. Pinker's research in his book First Language Acquisition is based on studies of other famous scientists from different fields including psychology, sociology, anthropology, and linguistics. Chapter 1 discusses the acquisition of language from these five perspectives and focuses on the child, environment, and language. Chapter 2 focuses on how the environment influences language acquisition and the child's exposure to their native language. The importance of understanding first language acquisition is that it allows us to communicate with others from birth and throughout our lives.
Overview on Psycholinguistics: Universidad Santo Tomás
This document summarizes key topics related to first (L1) and second (L2) language acquisition. It discusses:
1) The brain areas involved in language processing like Broca's and Wernicke's areas.
2) Children acquire their L1 through innate language abilities and interaction, while adults learn L2 through conscious study relying more on explicit memory.
3) Being bilingual has many definitions but involves proficiency in two languages to varying degrees, and has cognitive advantages over monolingualism.
Ujian compre
Linguistics is the scientific study of language. The document outlines several key branches and concepts in linguistics. Phonetics is the study of speech sounds, phonology is the study of sound patterns and how they create meaning. Morphology is the study of word formation, syntax is the study of sentence structure, and semantics is the study of language meaning. Sociolinguistics examines how social factors like culture and environment influence language use, while psycholinguistics studies the cognitive processes involved in language production and comprehension. Semiotics is the study of signs and symbols in language and communication systems.
Short Introduction to Second Language
Here you can get a short intro to second language acquisition. which is really according to Stephen Krashen theories.
Cognitive Process Associated with LanguageNamePsycho.docx
This document summarizes a research paper on cognitive processes associated with language. It discusses how attention, both visual and auditory, plays an important role in language processing. The paper also notes that linguistic rules address productivity and regularity in language. Key areas of the brain involved with language include Broca's area, which controls speech, and Wernicke's area, which processes language. The conclusion is that language allows for greater learning and social interaction, and cognitive psychology can be used to examine and research language processing.
Introduction to language studies
This document outlines an introductory language studies course at Far-western University. The course aims to provide students with a strong foundation in the basics of language including its origin, development, sound patterns, morphology, syntax, semantics and pragmatics. It covers 12 units over one semester, with topics like language and communication, writing systems, phonetics, grammar, discourse analysis, language acquisition and the connection between language and culture. Students will be evaluated through internal assessments like assignments, presentations and a midterm, and an external final exam which together contribute to 40% and 60% of the final grade, respectively.
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Danny_D_Steinberg__Natalia_V_Sciarini_An_introduBookZZ.org.pdf
Danny_D_Steinberg__Natalia_V_Sciarini_An_introduBookZZ.org.pdf
Lecture-1 An Introduction to Psycholinguistics.pdf
Lecture-1 An Introduction to Psycholinguistics.pdf
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Overview on Psycholinguistics: Universidad Santo Tomás
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The Scopes of Psycholinguistics.pptx
- 1. The Scopes of Psycholinguistics SOURCE: PSYCHOLOGY OF LANGUAGE BY DAVID W. CARROLL
- 2. Facial Expressio n Particular jargon Language Infant’s cry and laugh Badge of social group Verbal communica tion
- 3. The psychology of language deals with the mental processes that are involved in language use. Three sets of processes are primary interest: 1. Language comprehension 2. Language Production 3. Language Acquisition
- 4. “The psychological study of language is called psycholinguistics.”
- 5. Relation to Cognitive Science Psychology is part of the field of study called Cognitive Science. Psycholinguistic is principally an integration of the fields of psychology and linguistics.
- 7. Language Processes and Linguistic Knowledge What knowledge of language is needed to use language? Tacit Knowledge Explicit Knowledge The knowledge of how to perform various acts The knowledge of the processes or mechanisms used in these acts
- 8. Four broad areas of language: 1. Semantics 2. Syntax 3. Phonology 4. Pragmatics
- 9. Language Example 1: Garden Path Sentences Hour glass was broken, so he could not tell us the exact time. Hour glass or our glass? What did you hear first?
- 10. Language Example 2: Indirect Requests Can you open the door? Can you bring a glass of water? Question or request?
- 11. Language Example 3: Aphasia The Study of the relationship between brain and language is called neurolinguistics.
- 12. Language Example 4: Language in Children Rate and route of language acquisition Influence of behaviorism Evidence of innatism Childish creativity and so on
- 13. Thank you!