Impact of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) on Economic Development of A CountryMuhammad Asif Khan
1. The document presents background information on measuring a country's economic development through Gross Domestic Product (GDP). It discusses key concepts like stocks, flows, income, expenditure, savings, and the circular flow of the economy.
2. The author proposes studying whether GDP is the authentic indicator of a country's economic well-being and development, or if other indicators should also be considered for sustainable growth.
3. The document outlines GDP calculation methods and defines GDP as the total value of goods and services produced in a country in a year. It explains how GDP can be measured through expenditure and income approaches and how these two values are always equal.
http://bit.ly/GEWaout2014
Les dirigeants sont de plus en plus conscients du potentiel inexploité de l'Afrique sub-saharienne. La population de l'Afrique subsaharienne est devrait croître plus rapidement que dans toutes les autres régions du monde. En conséquence, en 2040, le Continent africain devrait avoir la plus grande force de travail du monde et pourrait avoir une croissance économique plus rapide que n'importe quelle autre région.
Investment is defining as asset or item that is
purchased with the hope that it will generate income or
appreciate in the future. In an economic sense, an investment is
the purchase of goods that are not consumed today but are
used in the future to create with. In finance an investment is a
monetary asset purchased with the idea that the asset will
provide income in the future or appreciate and be sold at a
higher price. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the
impact of investment (public and private) on economic growth
in Sudan during the period 1999-2011. Date were collected
from central bureau of statistics. Using these data ordinary
least squares method was applied to the linear form of the
model. The obtained results showed that: investment has
positive impact on economic growth measured by nominal
gross domestic product, real gross domestic product and
growth rate of gross domestic product. This is similar to what
mentioned in economic theory.
The document discusses the accelerator theory of investment. It explains that the accelerator principle states that an increase in a firm's output will require a proportional increase in its capital stock. The accelerator coefficient (v) represents the ratio of induced investment to an initial change in consumption. The naive accelerator model holds that net investment (Int) is equal to v multiplied by the change in output (ΔYt). Refinements to the simple accelerator model include allowing for asymmetrical reactions to increases and decreases in output, and assuming variable rather than fixed technical coefficients of production.
This document discusses key concepts in the simple Keynesian model of income determination including consumption and savings functions, investment functions, the multiplier process, and the acceleration principle. It explains that private consumption and savings are determined by disposable income and other factors. Investment depends on marginal efficiency of capital and interest rates. The multiplier process describes how an initial change in autonomous spending such as investment or government spending causes a multiplied change in total income through subsequent rounds of spending.
Building the Circular Flow of Income & Spendingtutor2u
This revision presentation helps students develop their understanding of the Circular Flow of Income & Spending. It builds the circular flow step-by-step and then provides examples of the circular flow in action. An essential revision presentation for a core macroeconomic concept.
This document discusses concepts related to investment and savings. It defines investment as spending on plants, machinery, buildings, and inventories by firms to produce goods and services. It notes that investment expenditure comes from accumulated savings rather than current income. It also discusses the relationship between investment, capital stock, and output over time. Investment increases capital stock and future output, while depreciation decreases them. The document also defines savings as the unspent portion of income intended for future use, and examines the relationship between savings and investment equilibrium.
Falling unemployment, declining inflation and stronger growth – a better picture for the UK in 2014? But can it last?
After several years of weak expansion, the UK economy is enjoying a relatively strong cyclical recovery
Can the UK continued to experience a recovery in output, jobs and investment?
Will the recovery be balanced and sustainable?
How resilient is the UK? What are some of the major threats to growth in 2014 and beyond?
Impact of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) on Economic Development of A CountryMuhammad Asif Khan
1. The document presents background information on measuring a country's economic development through Gross Domestic Product (GDP). It discusses key concepts like stocks, flows, income, expenditure, savings, and the circular flow of the economy.
2. The author proposes studying whether GDP is the authentic indicator of a country's economic well-being and development, or if other indicators should also be considered for sustainable growth.
3. The document outlines GDP calculation methods and defines GDP as the total value of goods and services produced in a country in a year. It explains how GDP can be measured through expenditure and income approaches and how these two values are always equal.
http://bit.ly/GEWaout2014
Les dirigeants sont de plus en plus conscients du potentiel inexploité de l'Afrique sub-saharienne. La population de l'Afrique subsaharienne est devrait croître plus rapidement que dans toutes les autres régions du monde. En conséquence, en 2040, le Continent africain devrait avoir la plus grande force de travail du monde et pourrait avoir une croissance économique plus rapide que n'importe quelle autre région.
Investment is defining as asset or item that is
purchased with the hope that it will generate income or
appreciate in the future. In an economic sense, an investment is
the purchase of goods that are not consumed today but are
used in the future to create with. In finance an investment is a
monetary asset purchased with the idea that the asset will
provide income in the future or appreciate and be sold at a
higher price. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the
impact of investment (public and private) on economic growth
in Sudan during the period 1999-2011. Date were collected
from central bureau of statistics. Using these data ordinary
least squares method was applied to the linear form of the
model. The obtained results showed that: investment has
positive impact on economic growth measured by nominal
gross domestic product, real gross domestic product and
growth rate of gross domestic product. This is similar to what
mentioned in economic theory.
The document discusses the accelerator theory of investment. It explains that the accelerator principle states that an increase in a firm's output will require a proportional increase in its capital stock. The accelerator coefficient (v) represents the ratio of induced investment to an initial change in consumption. The naive accelerator model holds that net investment (Int) is equal to v multiplied by the change in output (ΔYt). Refinements to the simple accelerator model include allowing for asymmetrical reactions to increases and decreases in output, and assuming variable rather than fixed technical coefficients of production.
This document discusses key concepts in the simple Keynesian model of income determination including consumption and savings functions, investment functions, the multiplier process, and the acceleration principle. It explains that private consumption and savings are determined by disposable income and other factors. Investment depends on marginal efficiency of capital and interest rates. The multiplier process describes how an initial change in autonomous spending such as investment or government spending causes a multiplied change in total income through subsequent rounds of spending.
Building the Circular Flow of Income & Spendingtutor2u
This revision presentation helps students develop their understanding of the Circular Flow of Income & Spending. It builds the circular flow step-by-step and then provides examples of the circular flow in action. An essential revision presentation for a core macroeconomic concept.
This document discusses concepts related to investment and savings. It defines investment as spending on plants, machinery, buildings, and inventories by firms to produce goods and services. It notes that investment expenditure comes from accumulated savings rather than current income. It also discusses the relationship between investment, capital stock, and output over time. Investment increases capital stock and future output, while depreciation decreases them. The document also defines savings as the unspent portion of income intended for future use, and examines the relationship between savings and investment equilibrium.
Falling unemployment, declining inflation and stronger growth – a better picture for the UK in 2014? But can it last?
After several years of weak expansion, the UK economy is enjoying a relatively strong cyclical recovery
Can the UK continued to experience a recovery in output, jobs and investment?
Will the recovery be balanced and sustainable?
How resilient is the UK? What are some of the major threats to growth in 2014 and beyond?
The document analyzes Sri Lanka's potential to achieve higher economic growth targets. It finds that Sri Lanka is well positioned due to recent macroeconomic gains like low inflation and unemployment. However, pursuing 9% growth would require overcoming challenges like a high budget deficit, "brain drain", and infrastructure deficits. The document recommends policies like privatization, fiscal reforms, and investing in education, infrastructure, and sustainable "green growth" to boost productivity and feasibility of higher targets while mitigating potential negative impacts on inequality and the environment.
The document discusses different types of investment. Autonomous investment does not change with income levels and is focused on infrastructure like roads and public projects. Induced investment is impacted by changes in income levels and includes investments in fixed capital and inventories. The key determinants of investment are the marginal efficiency of capital, technological progress, demand forecasts, income levels, population growth, government policy, and political stability. Higher values of these factors will lead to more investment.
Triggers to watch out for:
1. Our Equity Outlook
2. Market Cap Valuations
3. Our SIP Recommendations
4. Our Fixed Income Outlook
5. Investment Philosophy
Have a detailed insight into a monthly equity and fixed income market outlook.
Read the full document to know more.
This study used error correction model (ECM) to analyse the effect of total external debt (TED) on the Nigerian economy proxied by gross domestic product (GDP) during the period 1980-2015. The data such as TED and GDP were obtained from Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) statistical bulletin. The result of the finding revealed that total external debt exerts negative and significant influence on GDP. This implies that, as total external debt increases, GDP also decreases and vice versa. Therefore, the researcher recommends that any external loan obtained by the government should be channelled to productive projects that yield high on returns on investment rather than allocating the fund to finance dead-weight debt, hence, engendering sustainable economic growth in the economy.
WHEN MONETARY POLICY FAILS, FISCAL POLICY IS USEDSambit Mishra
The document discusses the objectives and tools of monetary policy in India, including maintaining price stability, economic growth, and ensuring credit flows to support the economy. It also discusses trends in interest rates from 2004-2014, noting that rates generally increased from 2004-2007 as inflation rose, then rapidly increased in 2008-2009 due to high inflation, before decreasing from 2009-2010 to stimulate the economy during a recession. Coordination between monetary and fiscal policy is also summarized, with policies generally aligned except during the 2008 financial crisis when views differed on the size of economic stimulus.
Cygnet Financial Services is a South African company that aims to operate in the commercial and industrial property sector by sourcing investment funds from private funders. Investor funds will be placed with auditing firms Deliottes & Touche and KPMG and used to source properties for development and reinvestment. Profits and returns will be distributed to investors. The company is structured as a close corporation designed to capitalize on industry research by one of its founding members.
The Finance Minister missed an opportunity with the recent budget by not meaningfully increasing tax revenues or pursuing other measures that could have boosted resources and stimulated the economy. The modest tax increases will only raise tax-GDP ratio by half a percentage point. Expenditure increases of just 11.7% despite projected 13.4% GDP growth will limit fiscal stimulus. Measures focus more on reducing subsidies and expenditures than addressing issues like high current account deficits, inflation, or supporting key programs. Adherence to fiscal conservatism and demands of foreign investors appear to have driven the budget more than domestic economic needs.
This document contains summaries of economic trends in Spain and other parts of Europe:
- Registered unemployment in Spain decreased by 5.5% year-over-year in January, the largest drop since 2014, though social security affiliates declined by 1.08% from December.
- Spanish manufacturing industry gross added value fell for the second consecutive quarter in Q4 2018 due to global trade tensions and slowing growth.
- Private equity investment in Spain reached a record €5.84 billion in 2018, a 17.9% increase from 2017, with international funds contributing 77% of the total volume.
The Asia Pacific Capital Markets report provides an in-depth look at the performance of the region’s property markets, examining the economic backdrop, key occupier markets, investment performance and trends affecting the geographies across the region.
Latvia implemented an internal devaluation strategy in response to the global financial crisis rather than using exchange rate devaluation. This involved pro-cyclical fiscal policies like tax increases and government spending cuts to reduce wages and prices. While Latvia's GDP has grown since 2010, some economists are skeptical this can be sustained due to weak private investment and consumption from high debt levels. Latvia's economic growth remains heavily reliant on net trade exports.
- Special Economic Zones (SEZs) have been operating in Poland since 1995 and have contributed to increased investment, job creation, and higher GDP per capita in regions with SEZs. However, their tax exemptions are set to expire in 2020.
- A survey conducted for this report found that over half of current SEZ investors do not plan new investments if SEZs only operate until 2020, but up to 81% would invest if they operated longer. The limited duration of tax exemptions is the top concern of investors.
- Extending the operation of SEZs would help retain current investors and attract new ones, boosting Poland's competitiveness. It could also encourage the development of industry
Evidence on the Dynamic Relationship between Stock Market All Share Index and...iosrjce
This study examines the dynamic relationship between Stock Market All Share Index and Gross Fixed
Capital Formation in Nigeria. Annual data on market capitalization, value of shares traded, all share index,
average prime lending rate, inflation rate, national savings and gross fixed capital formation at current
purchaser’s value from 1980 to 2012 were sourced from the statistical bulletin of the Central Bank of Nigeria
and the Nigerian Stock Exchange Fact Book various issues. The ordinary least square (OLS) regression
technique was employed in the data analysis and the error correction mechanism (ECM) was used to study the
short-run dynamics as well as long-run relationship between the stock market and gross fixed capital formation
in Nigeria. The result revealed that all share index of the Nigerian stock market has significant effect on gross
fixed capital formation. It further shows that though the capital market has the potential of influencing gross
fixed capital formation its’ effect has not been fully realized due to illiquidity and low level of development of
the Nigerian capital market. It is recommended that appropriate policy measures been taken to deepen the
market and strengthen the structure of the market to ensure that long term funds are used to finance long-term
investments.
Macroeconomic Determinants of Investment Decision in Nigeria: IS-LM-BP-RP App...iosrjce
The paper examines the macroeconomic determinants of investment decision in Nigeria using IS-LMBP-RP
approach. The data series employed were gathered from various sources such as National Bureau of
Statistics, Central Bank of Nigeria statistical bulletin and World Bank data base. The study employs the
theoretical propositions of IS-LM-BP-RP which was developed by Gray and Melone (2008). Considering the
backward bending of BP curve, the empirical results in the study confirm the validity of the backward bending of
BP curve in the Nigerian economy. The result equally indicates that if Mundell-Fleming model is used to
formulate policies in Nigeria, the risk factors will be significant enough to affect the validity of the policy. Based
on the policy responses to backward bending of BP curve analyzed in this paper, we recommend that moderate
expansionary monetary policy should be adopted and this will reduce the high risk premium brought about by
the high increase in the level of interest rate and thus increase the level of output.
FTM: Macro- and micro-economic storytellingDomen Savič
Project Money Trail’s primary focus is, initially, on Slovenian journalists with a demonstrated pre-existing interest in the topics that its workshops will cover, because they are the easiest for a Slovenia-based NGO to successfully attract. Working primarily with local journalist will also make it easier for Project Money Trail to evaluate the success of the project.
Project Money Trail has a secondary focus on regional journalists for its current workshops in part because Project Money Trail intends to expand its program beyond Slovenia, in part because educating regional journalists is a way for Project Money Trail to ensure that the influence of its workshops is wide ranging and long lasting and in part because regional journalists will bring a valuable range of perspectives and experience to these workshops.
For later workshops, as Project Money Trail succeeds in reaching its initial goal of educating Slovenian journalists and journalism-focused educators, Project Money Trail’s focus will shift to prioritize journalists and educators from other countries in the region.
Project Money Trail’s approach will build on that of a successful Croatian program with similar, although more limited objectives. Project Money Trail will reach a different (Slovenian and regional) audience than the Croatian program, and will also be more ambitious in its goals, including in particular the creation of a universally accessible teaching and learning tool, the website described above.
The document discusses the Union Budget of India for 2013-2014 that was presented by the Finance Minister P. Chidambaram. Some key points:
- The budget aimed to narrow the fiscal deficit to 4.8% of GDP while raising spending through higher revenues. However, the 2014 shortfall target of 5% may be optimistic.
- Investors were disappointed by the higher-than-expected net borrowing target of Rs. 17,000 crore as it hit market sentiment and the rupee.
- The three month forecast for the USD/INR exchange rate is 55, with risks of further depreciation beyond 55 in the near term. Longer term, the rate is expected to reach
The Effect of Local Revenue and Matching Grant on Capital Expenditures and Im...inventionjournals
This study aim is to test and prove empirically the effect of local revenue (PAD) and Matching Grant (DP) on Capital Expenditures (BM) and their Implications on Economic Growth (PE). The study population is 34 provincial governments in Indonesia. The samples are 33 Provinces with 165 observations. The data used is GDP at constant prices to see economic growth, Local Revenue, Matching Grant and Expenditure of Local Government from 2011 to 2015. The data is collected from Financial Audit Agency (BPK) and Central Statistic Bureau (BPS) of Indonesia Republic. The data is tested by Path Analysis. The analysis result shows that Local Revenue and Matching Grant have positive and significant effect on Capital Expenditure. Furthermore, Local Revenue and Matching Grant have positive and significant effect on Economic Growth, while Capital Expenditure has negative and insignificant effect on Economic Growth.
In 2010, the Hungarian government led by Mr. Viktor Orbán has started the war on banks with a dual goal of filling state coffers with extra taxes and restoring majority local ownership in the banking sector, dominated by foreign players.
The document discusses how multinational enterprises use complex financing structures involving special purpose entities to channel investments through multiple countries. This can distort foreign direct investment statistics by double-counting investments and misrepresenting the true source and destination countries. To address this, the OECD developed guidelines recommending countries compile FDI statistics separately for resident special purpose entities to provide a more accurate picture. With many countries now implementing these standards, detailed statistics excluding special purpose entities investments are available, providing insight into how these entities impact aggregate FDI flows and allowing analysis of source and destination countries for special purpose entity investments.
The document summarizes economic indicators in the UK for the week ending June 23rd, 2012. Inflation fell to 2.8% in May driven down by lower fuel and food prices. Unemployment data sent mixed signals, with the claimant count rising slightly but unemployment falling in other measures. Retail sales rose 2.4% in May, with a large increase in online sales. The Bank of England minutes suggested more quantitative easing may follow in July to boost the stalling economy.
Smt. Meena Devi is a 38-year-old farmer from Pathuli village in Rudraprayag district of Uttarakhand. She adopted SRI (System of Rice Intensification) practices for rice cultivation on her 0.44 hectares of land. Using SRI techniques like wider spacing of seedlings, mechanical weeding, and reduced water levels, she was able to double her rice yield compared to conventional methods, producing 144 kg of grain per nali versus 70 kg previously. However, she faced challenges with water management on sloping land and difficulty using markers and weeders the first year. Proper training, equipment availability, and assured irrigation are needed to further promote SRI adoption.
The document analyzes Sri Lanka's potential to achieve higher economic growth targets. It finds that Sri Lanka is well positioned due to recent macroeconomic gains like low inflation and unemployment. However, pursuing 9% growth would require overcoming challenges like a high budget deficit, "brain drain", and infrastructure deficits. The document recommends policies like privatization, fiscal reforms, and investing in education, infrastructure, and sustainable "green growth" to boost productivity and feasibility of higher targets while mitigating potential negative impacts on inequality and the environment.
The document discusses different types of investment. Autonomous investment does not change with income levels and is focused on infrastructure like roads and public projects. Induced investment is impacted by changes in income levels and includes investments in fixed capital and inventories. The key determinants of investment are the marginal efficiency of capital, technological progress, demand forecasts, income levels, population growth, government policy, and political stability. Higher values of these factors will lead to more investment.
Triggers to watch out for:
1. Our Equity Outlook
2. Market Cap Valuations
3. Our SIP Recommendations
4. Our Fixed Income Outlook
5. Investment Philosophy
Have a detailed insight into a monthly equity and fixed income market outlook.
Read the full document to know more.
This study used error correction model (ECM) to analyse the effect of total external debt (TED) on the Nigerian economy proxied by gross domestic product (GDP) during the period 1980-2015. The data such as TED and GDP were obtained from Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) statistical bulletin. The result of the finding revealed that total external debt exerts negative and significant influence on GDP. This implies that, as total external debt increases, GDP also decreases and vice versa. Therefore, the researcher recommends that any external loan obtained by the government should be channelled to productive projects that yield high on returns on investment rather than allocating the fund to finance dead-weight debt, hence, engendering sustainable economic growth in the economy.
WHEN MONETARY POLICY FAILS, FISCAL POLICY IS USEDSambit Mishra
The document discusses the objectives and tools of monetary policy in India, including maintaining price stability, economic growth, and ensuring credit flows to support the economy. It also discusses trends in interest rates from 2004-2014, noting that rates generally increased from 2004-2007 as inflation rose, then rapidly increased in 2008-2009 due to high inflation, before decreasing from 2009-2010 to stimulate the economy during a recession. Coordination between monetary and fiscal policy is also summarized, with policies generally aligned except during the 2008 financial crisis when views differed on the size of economic stimulus.
Cygnet Financial Services is a South African company that aims to operate in the commercial and industrial property sector by sourcing investment funds from private funders. Investor funds will be placed with auditing firms Deliottes & Touche and KPMG and used to source properties for development and reinvestment. Profits and returns will be distributed to investors. The company is structured as a close corporation designed to capitalize on industry research by one of its founding members.
The Finance Minister missed an opportunity with the recent budget by not meaningfully increasing tax revenues or pursuing other measures that could have boosted resources and stimulated the economy. The modest tax increases will only raise tax-GDP ratio by half a percentage point. Expenditure increases of just 11.7% despite projected 13.4% GDP growth will limit fiscal stimulus. Measures focus more on reducing subsidies and expenditures than addressing issues like high current account deficits, inflation, or supporting key programs. Adherence to fiscal conservatism and demands of foreign investors appear to have driven the budget more than domestic economic needs.
This document contains summaries of economic trends in Spain and other parts of Europe:
- Registered unemployment in Spain decreased by 5.5% year-over-year in January, the largest drop since 2014, though social security affiliates declined by 1.08% from December.
- Spanish manufacturing industry gross added value fell for the second consecutive quarter in Q4 2018 due to global trade tensions and slowing growth.
- Private equity investment in Spain reached a record €5.84 billion in 2018, a 17.9% increase from 2017, with international funds contributing 77% of the total volume.
The Asia Pacific Capital Markets report provides an in-depth look at the performance of the region’s property markets, examining the economic backdrop, key occupier markets, investment performance and trends affecting the geographies across the region.
Latvia implemented an internal devaluation strategy in response to the global financial crisis rather than using exchange rate devaluation. This involved pro-cyclical fiscal policies like tax increases and government spending cuts to reduce wages and prices. While Latvia's GDP has grown since 2010, some economists are skeptical this can be sustained due to weak private investment and consumption from high debt levels. Latvia's economic growth remains heavily reliant on net trade exports.
- Special Economic Zones (SEZs) have been operating in Poland since 1995 and have contributed to increased investment, job creation, and higher GDP per capita in regions with SEZs. However, their tax exemptions are set to expire in 2020.
- A survey conducted for this report found that over half of current SEZ investors do not plan new investments if SEZs only operate until 2020, but up to 81% would invest if they operated longer. The limited duration of tax exemptions is the top concern of investors.
- Extending the operation of SEZs would help retain current investors and attract new ones, boosting Poland's competitiveness. It could also encourage the development of industry
Evidence on the Dynamic Relationship between Stock Market All Share Index and...iosrjce
This study examines the dynamic relationship between Stock Market All Share Index and Gross Fixed
Capital Formation in Nigeria. Annual data on market capitalization, value of shares traded, all share index,
average prime lending rate, inflation rate, national savings and gross fixed capital formation at current
purchaser’s value from 1980 to 2012 were sourced from the statistical bulletin of the Central Bank of Nigeria
and the Nigerian Stock Exchange Fact Book various issues. The ordinary least square (OLS) regression
technique was employed in the data analysis and the error correction mechanism (ECM) was used to study the
short-run dynamics as well as long-run relationship between the stock market and gross fixed capital formation
in Nigeria. The result revealed that all share index of the Nigerian stock market has significant effect on gross
fixed capital formation. It further shows that though the capital market has the potential of influencing gross
fixed capital formation its’ effect has not been fully realized due to illiquidity and low level of development of
the Nigerian capital market. It is recommended that appropriate policy measures been taken to deepen the
market and strengthen the structure of the market to ensure that long term funds are used to finance long-term
investments.
Macroeconomic Determinants of Investment Decision in Nigeria: IS-LM-BP-RP App...iosrjce
The paper examines the macroeconomic determinants of investment decision in Nigeria using IS-LMBP-RP
approach. The data series employed were gathered from various sources such as National Bureau of
Statistics, Central Bank of Nigeria statistical bulletin and World Bank data base. The study employs the
theoretical propositions of IS-LM-BP-RP which was developed by Gray and Melone (2008). Considering the
backward bending of BP curve, the empirical results in the study confirm the validity of the backward bending of
BP curve in the Nigerian economy. The result equally indicates that if Mundell-Fleming model is used to
formulate policies in Nigeria, the risk factors will be significant enough to affect the validity of the policy. Based
on the policy responses to backward bending of BP curve analyzed in this paper, we recommend that moderate
expansionary monetary policy should be adopted and this will reduce the high risk premium brought about by
the high increase in the level of interest rate and thus increase the level of output.
FTM: Macro- and micro-economic storytellingDomen Savič
Project Money Trail’s primary focus is, initially, on Slovenian journalists with a demonstrated pre-existing interest in the topics that its workshops will cover, because they are the easiest for a Slovenia-based NGO to successfully attract. Working primarily with local journalist will also make it easier for Project Money Trail to evaluate the success of the project.
Project Money Trail has a secondary focus on regional journalists for its current workshops in part because Project Money Trail intends to expand its program beyond Slovenia, in part because educating regional journalists is a way for Project Money Trail to ensure that the influence of its workshops is wide ranging and long lasting and in part because regional journalists will bring a valuable range of perspectives and experience to these workshops.
For later workshops, as Project Money Trail succeeds in reaching its initial goal of educating Slovenian journalists and journalism-focused educators, Project Money Trail’s focus will shift to prioritize journalists and educators from other countries in the region.
Project Money Trail’s approach will build on that of a successful Croatian program with similar, although more limited objectives. Project Money Trail will reach a different (Slovenian and regional) audience than the Croatian program, and will also be more ambitious in its goals, including in particular the creation of a universally accessible teaching and learning tool, the website described above.
The document discusses the Union Budget of India for 2013-2014 that was presented by the Finance Minister P. Chidambaram. Some key points:
- The budget aimed to narrow the fiscal deficit to 4.8% of GDP while raising spending through higher revenues. However, the 2014 shortfall target of 5% may be optimistic.
- Investors were disappointed by the higher-than-expected net borrowing target of Rs. 17,000 crore as it hit market sentiment and the rupee.
- The three month forecast for the USD/INR exchange rate is 55, with risks of further depreciation beyond 55 in the near term. Longer term, the rate is expected to reach
The Effect of Local Revenue and Matching Grant on Capital Expenditures and Im...inventionjournals
This study aim is to test and prove empirically the effect of local revenue (PAD) and Matching Grant (DP) on Capital Expenditures (BM) and their Implications on Economic Growth (PE). The study population is 34 provincial governments in Indonesia. The samples are 33 Provinces with 165 observations. The data used is GDP at constant prices to see economic growth, Local Revenue, Matching Grant and Expenditure of Local Government from 2011 to 2015. The data is collected from Financial Audit Agency (BPK) and Central Statistic Bureau (BPS) of Indonesia Republic. The data is tested by Path Analysis. The analysis result shows that Local Revenue and Matching Grant have positive and significant effect on Capital Expenditure. Furthermore, Local Revenue and Matching Grant have positive and significant effect on Economic Growth, while Capital Expenditure has negative and insignificant effect on Economic Growth.
In 2010, the Hungarian government led by Mr. Viktor Orbán has started the war on banks with a dual goal of filling state coffers with extra taxes and restoring majority local ownership in the banking sector, dominated by foreign players.
The document discusses how multinational enterprises use complex financing structures involving special purpose entities to channel investments through multiple countries. This can distort foreign direct investment statistics by double-counting investments and misrepresenting the true source and destination countries. To address this, the OECD developed guidelines recommending countries compile FDI statistics separately for resident special purpose entities to provide a more accurate picture. With many countries now implementing these standards, detailed statistics excluding special purpose entities investments are available, providing insight into how these entities impact aggregate FDI flows and allowing analysis of source and destination countries for special purpose entity investments.
The document summarizes economic indicators in the UK for the week ending June 23rd, 2012. Inflation fell to 2.8% in May driven down by lower fuel and food prices. Unemployment data sent mixed signals, with the claimant count rising slightly but unemployment falling in other measures. Retail sales rose 2.4% in May, with a large increase in online sales. The Bank of England minutes suggested more quantitative easing may follow in July to boost the stalling economy.
Smt. Meena Devi is a 38-year-old farmer from Pathuli village in Rudraprayag district of Uttarakhand. She adopted SRI (System of Rice Intensification) practices for rice cultivation on her 0.44 hectares of land. Using SRI techniques like wider spacing of seedlings, mechanical weeding, and reduced water levels, she was able to double her rice yield compared to conventional methods, producing 144 kg of grain per nali versus 70 kg previously. However, she faced challenges with water management on sloping land and difficulty using markers and weeders the first year. Proper training, equipment availability, and assured irrigation are needed to further promote SRI adoption.
* For personal tour the houses listed below, contact Ben Huynh 281-561-5386.
* To sell / lease your home, email me your property address, WE will start from there.
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Social engineering is manipulating people into divulging confidential information or performing actions. Hacking involves breaking into networks, while cracking means working around licenses. Phishing fools victims into entering information on fake websites. Today, hacking is often backed by organized crime for financial gain. Malware like viruses, worms and Trojans can harm systems. Passwords are vulnerable to attacks, so strong, unique passwords and password managers are recommended. Social engineering is a significant threat, as it tricks people rather than exploiting technical vulnerabilities.
Presented by: Norman Uphoff, CIIFAD, Cornell University, USA
Presented at: Rice Research and Training Institute, Kafr-el-Sheikh
Date Presented: 04/14/2010
The saturday economist, uk economic outlook june 2015John Ashcroft
The Saturday Economist, UK Economic Outlook Q2 June 2015. In the UK we expect the economy to grow by 2.8% in 2015 following growth of 2.8% last year. In the US the recovery continues with growth of 2.9% expected in the year ahead.
The inflation outlook is much more benign, with the fall in world oil, energy, food and commodity prices continuing to dominate headline inflation.
The UK economy grew by just 2.4% in the first quarter, weakness in construction and manufacturing growth largely to blame. The service sector continues to drive growth. Check out our quarterly update from The Saturday Economist, now mailing to 50,000 businesses every week.
The saturday economist modeling uk investment september 2015John Ashcroft
The Saturday Economist, Modelling Investment, one of the working papers in our Quarterly Economic Outlook. We look a trends in investment by sector, the ratio of investment to GDP, Latest data on capital productivity and our four year capital stock model. Detailed graphs and tables.
Modelling Investment - Forecasts for the UK Economy 2016John Ashcroft
Modelling Investment - Forecasts for the UK Economy 2016. Published in association with the December Economic Outlook, we outline our sectoral forecasts of investment in the UK
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The Saturday Economist Guide to Modelling and Forecasting UK investment
1. The Saturday Economist - Modelling UK Investment
Page 1The Saturday Economist Guide to Modelling UK Investment July 2014
The Saturday Economist Guide
"
Modelling UK Investment
"
July 2014
"
"
2. The Saturday Economist - Modelling UK Investment
Page 2The Saturday Economist Guide to Modelling UK Investment July 2014
Introduction
Recovery in Investment …
In the first quarter of 2014, investment increased by almost 10% compared to the
first quarter prior year. The recovery is heralded as a welcome step to rebalance
the economy from a consumption based economy, to an investment led economy.
"
But is this realistic? According to our forecasts, the strong rally in investment is
expected to continue. Nevertheless, by the end of 2015, investment will account
for just over 15% of GDP compared to 61% for household consumption. The rally
in investment is welcome but investment remains some way off the highs of 2007.
We have to be realistic about the targets we set for the UK economy.
"
It isn’t always about capacity …
Investment isn’t always about productive capacity. In 2007, the largest share of
investment in the economy was property related. Over 70% of investment is
explained by dwellings and commercial real estate investment. Machinery and
Equipment, areas of investment we tend to associate with “productive capacity”
within the economy, account for just 20% of total investment spending.
"
It isn't about the cost of capital
The recovery in investment is a function of the recovery within the economy. The
forecast horizon is clearing. Businesses can be more confident about the returns
and payback calculation over the years ahead. Low interest rates of themselves do
not stimulate investment. The cost of capital is a relatively low element in the return
on investment model. Recovery is the key to unlocking the growth in investment.
"
Summary
In this analysis, we explain our modelling process for
UK investment based on a disaggregated model.
"
Forecasts are generated from survey data on
capacity and investment intentions utilising the
Manchester Index™. Our capital stock model
suggests there is no real loss of productive capacity
within the UK following the recession but neither is
there rebalancing.
3. The Saturday Economist - Modelling UK Investment
"
"
"
"
Page 3The Saturday Economist Guide to Modelling UK Investment July 2014
14%
35%
27%
19%
5%
Transport Equipment
Machinery & Equipment
Dwellings
Commercial Real Estate
Intangible Fixed Assets
2 Property Accounts for 70% of total investment …
When modelling investment, it is important to remember that over 70% of
investment, identified in the National Accounts, relates to property i.e. dwellings
and commercial real estate.
"
The largest component in investment is commercial real estate. Accounting for
35% of total investment activity, a further 27% relates to investment in dwellings
both public and private sector.
"
Given the collapse of the property market in 2008, we still estimate some 20% of
the commercial real estate market was “under water” in 2013 on a LTV, loan to
value measure. A further 30% of the property market is above a conventional 65%
LTV ratio.
"
Other sectors
A further 14% is classified as intangible fixed assets and 5% as transport
equipment. Approximately 20% is defined as plant and machinery, the major
contributor to the concept of “capacity” within the economy.
"
The fall in investment within the UK economy, is largely explained by the fall in
property spending, transport and corporate finance activity.
"
The actual fall in investment plant and machinery impacting on the loss of capacity
tends to be over stated as our capital stock model (section 3) suggests.
"
70% of investment relates to the property,
dwellings and commercial real estate …
Data Average 1997 - 2012
4. The Saturday Economist - Modelling UK Investment
"
"
Page 4The Saturday Economist Guide to Modelling UK Investment July 2014
100,000
110,000
120,000
130,000
140,000
150,000
160,000
170,000
180,000
190,000
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
3 Productive Capacity .. back to normal by the end of the year …
Our capital stock model suggests productive capacity within the economy will return to normal by the end of 2014. We identify productive
capacity as investment in plant and machinery with a four year capital stock model. The model assumes an aggressive four year lifespan of
assets, with a four year rolling total identified in the data. Our 10 year model is even more positive about capacity retention.
UK Four Year Capital Stock Model £m
5. The Saturday Economist - Modelling UK Investment
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
Page 5The Saturday Economist Guide to Modelling UK Investment July 2014
12.0
13.0
14.0
15.0
16.0
17.0
18.0
19.0
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
4 Growth in investment and GDP …
From 2000 - 2008 investment increased rapidly at an average growth
rate of 3.6%. The average growth rate in the economy as a whole was
3.0%. The investment surge was driven by an large increase in
commercial real estate and “other property” interests.
"
We are forecasting an increase in investment of 7.4% in 2014 and 6.5%
in 2015. Our forecasts for UK growth overall are 3% in 2014 and 2.8%
in 2015.
"
The investment share of GDP is set to increase as a result. This
represents recovery rather than re balancing of the economy.
5 Investment share of GDP …
Between 2000 and 2008, investment averaged between 16% and 17%
of GDP, rising to almost 18% in 2007. In the recession, the investment
ratio fell to almost 14% in 2013.
"
A large proportion of the fall is explained by the collapse in real estate
and property investment. The fall in productive capacity was not as
severe as we explain in section 3.
"
We expect a rally in investment expenditure accounting for over 15% of
GDP by 2015. Despite the increase, household expenditure will continue
to dominate economic activity in the UK economy.
"
5 Investment - share of GDP
7. The Saturday Economist - Modelling UK Investment
Page 7The Saturday Economist Guide to Modelling UK Investment July 2014
7 Disaggregated model …
Plant and Machinery …
Our disaggregated model assumes significant growth in plant and machinery
investment, (6.2). This is mirrored in the forecast model using capacity and
investment intentions model derived from survey data.
"
Housing and Commercial Real Estate …
The strength of the housing market suggests significant growth in private sector
dwelling investment (6.4) but more modest recovery in commercial real estate (6.3)
over the short term.
"
Transport …
Transport is set for a strong recovery given the under investment over the past
three years (6.5). Investment in transport equipment averaged £3.5 billion per
quarter in the period 2001 to 2010. A recovery from the low in Q3 2012 is evident.
We are projecting a strong rally to pre recession norms over the forecast period.
"
Corporate Finance ..
The significant advance in corporate finance activity at present, (IPOs, M&A)
suggest growth in ownership transfers and intangible fixed asset investment will
increase over the next two years. Given the strong performance in Q1, we may
have under forecast growth in this sector (6.6). The rally in the corporate finance
market may lead to greater growth in investment over and above the levels
currently within the model.
"
"
0
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
6.5 Transport Equipment …
6.6 Corporate Finance Related …
5,000
9,250
13,500
17,750
22,000
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
8. The Saturday Economist - Modelling UK Investment
"
Page 8The Saturday Economist Guide to Modelling UK Investment July 2014
8 Capacity and Investment Intensions … The Manchester [Investment[ Index™
45,000
50,000
55,000
60,000
65,000
70,000
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Model ___
Actual ___
Forecast
Using data from GM
Chamber of Commerce
QES data, we model
investment as a function
of capacity utilisation and
investment intentions.
"
We lag capacity by 4
quarters and investment
intensions by 2 quarters.
"
Highest correlations
identified in the lag
structure generate a R2
value of 0.9122 for our
model.
"
T h e d i s a g g re g a t e d
model discounts the
m o r e o p t i m i s t i c
Manchester Index™
model.
9. The Saturday Economist - Modelling UK Investment
"
“Investment is increasing but the
economy is not rebalancing”"
Page 9The Saturday Economist Guide to Modelling UK Investment July 2014
9 Conclusions
1 Investment is increasing but the economy is not rebalancing …
In the first quarter of 2014, investment increased by almost 10% compared to the first quarter prior
year. The rally in investment is welcome but investment remains some way off the highs of 2007. By
the end of 2015, investment will account for just over 15% of GDP compared to 61% for household
consumption. The economy is not rebalancing
"
2 Investment isn’t always about productive capacity …
In 2007, the largest share of investment was property related. Over 70% of investment is explained by
dwellings and commercial real estate investment. Machinery and equipment, areas of investment we
tend to associate with “productive capacity”, account for just 20% of total investment spending.
"
3 There has been no significant loss to productive capacity …
Our capital stock model suggests productive capacity within the economy will return to normal by the
end of 2014. We identify productive capacity as investment in plant and machinery with a four year
capital stock model. There has been no significant loss to productive capacity and output potential
"
4 Low interest rates of themselves do not stimulate investment …
The cost of capital is a relatively low element in the return on investment model. Recovery is the key to
unlocking the growth in investment.
"
5 Investment will assist not lead the recovery …
We are forecasting an increase in investment of 7.4% in 2014 and 6.5% in 2015. Our forecasts for UK
growth overall are 3% in 2014 and 2.8% in 2015. The investment share of GDP is set to increase as a
result. This represents recovery rather than re balancing of the economy. Investment will assist, not
lead, the recovery.
10. The Saturday Economist - Modelling UK Investment
Page 10The Saturday Economist Guide to Modelling UK Investment July 2014
10 Detailed Forecasts - June Economic Outlook Updated (July)
Data Source : Throughout ONS :"
Gross fixed capital formation by sector and type of
asset (£million at current prices seasonally
adjusted)
11. 11 Notes on investment models
The Saturday Economist - Modelling UK Investment
The Saturday Economist Guide to Modelling UK Investment July 2014 Page 11
12. The Saturday Economist
Modelling UK Investment
July 2014
The Saturday Economist - Modelling UK Investment
The Saturday Economist Guide to Modelling UK Investment July 2014 Page 12