Rocks are solid materials that form naturally on Earth. There are three main types of rocks: igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic. Igneous rocks form from cooling magma or lava. Sedimentary rocks form through the compaction and cementation of sediments. Metamorphic rocks form from existing rocks undergoing changes due to heat and pressure in Earth's crust. Rocks are important because they provide evidence of Earth's geological history and are critical to the rock cycle in which one type of rock can be transformed into another over time.
It is a PowerPoint Presentation based on Chapter-2, NCERT S.St (geography), Class 7. It describes the interior of the earth, rocks, types of rocks, igneous rocks, metamorphic rocks, sedimentary rocks, uses of rocks, rock cycle, and minerals.
Internal Structure of The Earth
Physical Layering
Determining the Earth's Internal Structure
C. The Earth's Internal Layered Structure and Composition
D. VELOCITY AND DENSITY VARIATION WITHIN THE EARTH
The immense amount of heat energy released from gravitational energy and from the decay of radioactive elements melted the entire planet, and it is still cooling off today. Denser materials like iron (Fe) sank into the core of the Earth, while lighter silicates (Si), other oxygen (O) compounds, and water rose near the surface.
The earth is divided into four main layers: the inner core, outer core, mantle, and crust. The core is composed mostly of iron (Fe) and is so hot that the outer core is molten, with about 10% sulphur (S). The inner core is under such extreme pressure that it remains solid. Most of the Earth's mass is in the mantle, which is composed of iron (Fe), magnesium (Mg), aluminum (Al), silicon (Si), and oxygen (O) silicate compounds. At over 1000 degrees C, the mantle is solid but can deform slowly in a plastic manner. The crust is much thinner than any of the other layers, and is composed of the least dense potassium (K), calcium (Ca) and sodium (Na) aluminum-silicate minerals. Being relatively cold, the crust is rocky and brittle, so it can fracture in earthquakes.
cool graphics.information on volcanoes and eruptions with a hint of information about erosion.with easy to answer and understand questions and answers.
It is a PowerPoint Presentation based on Chapter-2, NCERT S.St (geography), Class 7. It describes the interior of the earth, rocks, types of rocks, igneous rocks, metamorphic rocks, sedimentary rocks, uses of rocks, rock cycle, and minerals.
Internal Structure of The Earth
Physical Layering
Determining the Earth's Internal Structure
C. The Earth's Internal Layered Structure and Composition
D. VELOCITY AND DENSITY VARIATION WITHIN THE EARTH
The immense amount of heat energy released from gravitational energy and from the decay of radioactive elements melted the entire planet, and it is still cooling off today. Denser materials like iron (Fe) sank into the core of the Earth, while lighter silicates (Si), other oxygen (O) compounds, and water rose near the surface.
The earth is divided into four main layers: the inner core, outer core, mantle, and crust. The core is composed mostly of iron (Fe) and is so hot that the outer core is molten, with about 10% sulphur (S). The inner core is under such extreme pressure that it remains solid. Most of the Earth's mass is in the mantle, which is composed of iron (Fe), magnesium (Mg), aluminum (Al), silicon (Si), and oxygen (O) silicate compounds. At over 1000 degrees C, the mantle is solid but can deform slowly in a plastic manner. The crust is much thinner than any of the other layers, and is composed of the least dense potassium (K), calcium (Ca) and sodium (Na) aluminum-silicate minerals. Being relatively cold, the crust is rocky and brittle, so it can fracture in earthquakes.
cool graphics.information on volcanoes and eruptions with a hint of information about erosion.with easy to answer and understand questions and answers.
Rock Cycle Diagram<a href="https://rsiasacademy.com/rock-cycle-diagram/">Rock Cycle Diagram</a>
is the one that explains the processes through which the types of rocks namely – Igneous, Sedimentary and Metamorphic undergo transformation in Geologic times. Rocks of any type can be converted into any other type, or into another rock of the same type. Whenever the state of equilibrium of a particular rock type is disturbed, the rock undergoes a transformation e.g. when an Igneous rock like Basalt or Obsidian is subjected to weathering, it may break up into fragments.
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2. What is a rock?
• Solid
• Occurs through nature
• Made up of minerals
Info from: http://www.rocksandminerals4u.com/what_is_a_rock.html
3. Characteristics of the Rock
Cycle
• Three types of rocks
– Igneous
– Sedimentary
– Metamorphic
Info from: http://www.cotf.edu/ete/modules/msese/earthsysflr/rock.html
4. Igneous Rock
• Formed from molten rock becoming solid
• Molten rock
– Called intrusive rock because it’s magma when
under the Earth’s surface
• Magma is hot liquid from minerals
– Called extrusive rock because it’s lava when above
the Earth’s surface
Info from:
http://www.cotf.edu/ete/modules/msese/earthsysflr/rock.html
http://www.windows2universe.org/earth/geology/ig_intro.html
Picture from: http://www.rocksandminerals4u.com/igneous_rocks.html
5. Examples of Igneous Rock
• Pumice
• Obsidian
• Rhyolite
Info and pictures from: http://www.rocksandminerals4u.com/example_of_igneous_rocks.html
6. Sedimentary Rocks
• Sediment is broken bits of rock
• These rocks form at:
– Rivers
– Beaches
– The ocean
– And wherever else sediment collects
Info found at : http://www.windows2universe.org/earth/geology/sed_intro.html
7. Examples of Sedimentary
Rock
• Sandstone
• Siltstone
• Shale
Info and pictures found at: http://www.rocksandminerals4u.com/sedimentary.html
8. Metamorphic Rock
• Formed by high pressure
and high temperature
– Possibly where tectonic
plates meet
• Chemically change
– Mineral crystals alter
Info and picture from: http://www.windows2universe.org/earth/geology/meta_intro.html
9. Examples of Metamorphic
Rock
• Quartzite
• Marble
• Slate
Pictures found at: http://www.rocksandminerals4u.com/metamorphic.html
10. How It Works
Picture from:
http://www.cotf.edu/ete/modules/msese/eart
hsysflr/rock.html
11. How are the rocks related?
• Igneous rock
– Can change into sedimentary or metamorphic
• Sedimentary rock
– Can change into igneous or metamorphic
• Metamorphic rock
– Can change into igneous or sedimentary
Info from: http://www.cotf.edu/ete/modules/msese/earthsysflr/rock.html
12. Changes in Igneous Rock
• How does it turn into sedimentary?
– Sediments come from weathering and erosion of
igneous rock
– Sediments compact and cement into sedimentary
rock
Info from: http://www.cotf.edu/ete/modules/msese/earthsysflr/rock.html
13. Changes in Igneous Rock
• How does it turn into metamorphic?
– High heat and pressure
Info from: http://www.cotf.edu/ete/modules/msese/earthsysflr/rock.html
14. Changes in Sedimentary Rock
• How does it become
igneous rock?
– By weathering and
erosion
• How does it become
metamorphic?
– High heat and pressure
from Earth
Info from: http://www.cotf.edu/ete/modules/msese/earthsysflr/rock.html
15. Changes in Metamorphic Rock
• How does it become igneous rock?
– Melting into magma then cooling
• How does it become sedimentary rock?
– Eroding into sediments and then being
compacted
Info and picture from: http://www.cotf.edu/ete/modules/msese/earthsysflr/rock.html
16. Why are rocks important?
• Fossils!
• Remind us of the
Earth changing
– Heating, pressure,
cooling
• Around for thousands
of years
– Older than you!
Info from: http://www.rocksandminerals4u.com/what_is_a_rock.html