This document discusses the process of respiration and the organs involved. It defines breathing as the movement of air into and out of the lungs, while respiration is the cellular reaction where glucose and oxygen combine to produce energy. It describes the key organs - the pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs and alveoli - and their functions in the respiration process, which involves the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the alveoli and capillaries. The document also explains that breathing is controlled by the brain to regulate carbon dioxide levels and provide oxygen for cellular respiration throughout the body.

1. Chapter 14, Section 3

2. Functions
Breathing and Respiration
**These terms are often confused!!!!

3. Functions continued….
Breathing is the movement of
the chest that brings air into the
lungs and removes waste gases.

4. Functions continued….
Respiration is a chemical reaction
in which glucose and oxygen
combine and produce carbon
dioxide and water with the release
of energy.

5.  Blood carries oxygen and glucose from
digested food to individual cells.
 Chemical reactions occur called cellular
respiration.
 Without oxygen, cellular respiration cannot
occur.
 Water and carbon dioxide are waste
products of cellular respiration.

6. Organs
Pharynx
Tube like passageway for food,
liquids, and air
At the lower end is the epiglottis
(what is the job of the epiglottis?)

7.  Larynx
 Airway to which vocal cords are attached.
 Forcing air between the cords causes them
to vibrate and produce sounds.
 How do we get the different sounds?
 Your teeth are involved in forming sounds
too!

8.  Trachea
 Air tube that connects the larynx with the bronchi
 Lined with mucous membranes and cilia
 Contains strong cartilage rings
 What is the purpose of the mucous? cilia? Cartilage?

9.  Bronchi
 Two short tubes that branch off the lower
end of the trachea and carry air into the
lungs

10.  Lungs, bronchioles, alveoli
 Within the lungs, the bronchi branch into
smaller and smaller tubes
 The smallest tubes are called bronchioles
 Alveoli are at the end of each bronchiole, tiny,
thin-walled grapelike clusters, surrounded by
capillaries
 What takes place between the alveoli and the
capillaries?

11. Why do you breathe?
 Signals from your brain tell the muscles in your chest
and abdomen to contract and relax.
 You don’t have to think about breathing to breathe.
 Your brain can change your breathing rate depending
on the amount of carbon dioxide present in your
blood.

12.  You can hold your breath, but your brain will make you
breathe eventually.
 Breathing is partly the result of changes in volume and
resulting air pressure.
 Your diaphragm contracts and relaxes, which helps
move gases into and out of your lungs.