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The Reconquest
The Formation of the
Christian Kingdoms
(8th - 10th c.)
The Expansion of
the Christian
Kingdoms
(11th - 12th c.)
The Consolidation
of the Christian
Kingdoms
(13th - 14th c.)
Conquista Almorávides
Emirato Almohades
Independiente
Califato
de Córdoba
Reinos de Taifas
711 756 929 1031 1086 1147
The Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa
The battle of “Las Navas de Tolosa” (1212) means
the end of the Muslim supremacy and the beginning
of the supremacy of the Christian Kingdoms.
This battle was a Crusade against the Muslims.
The people that participated in this battle were:
• Kings of Castile, Navarre and Crown of Aragon
• Military orders
• Volunteers from France, Leon and Portugal.
Kingdom of Leon
Alfonso IX of Leon Doña Berenguela
Kingdom of Castile
Crown of Castile
In 1230 Ferdinand III is going to unify definitively the
kingdoms of Castile and Leon. This is the origin of the
Crown of Castile.
Creation of the Crown of Castile
Ferdinand III was the son of Doña Berenguela (Castile)
and Alfonso IX (Leon). As they were relatives the Pope
cancelled their marriage, but their children were not
declared illegitimate due to the pleas of both
monarchs.
In Castile as all the sons of Alfonso VIII of Castile had
died, Doña Berenguela, sister of Alfonso VIII, will be
the queen of Castile in 1217 and will hand over the
crown to his son Ferdinand III. In addition she will also
help his son to inherit the kingdom of Leon when his
father (Alfonso IX) died without male descendants.
Expansion of the Crown of Castile
After the defeat of the Almohads (1212) they
conquered the areas of Guadiana and Guadalquivir river
valleys (Extremadura, Córdoba, Sevilla, Cádiz, Huelva
and Jaén) and Murcia.
Only Granada remained Muslim.
(Ferdinand III is going to conquer the Guadalquivir
river valley and his son Alfonso X, el Sabio, is going to
conquer Cádiz and Murcia).
Kingdom of Portugal
Portugal confirmed its independence and
conquered all the territories between the Tajo
River and the Algarve.
Kingdom of Navarra
The kingdom of Navarra is still blocked by
Aragon and Castile.
Because of this Navarre was not able to
conquer any territory.
Crown of Aragon
James I, king of the Crown of Aragon conquered Castellón,
Valencia, Alicante and the Balearic islands.
Due to the Treaty of Cazorla the expansion was stopped
here because Murcia belonged to the area of expansion of
Castile.
In the future Aragon will expand in the Mediterranean
conquering Sicily (1282), Athens and Neopatria (1311),
Sardinia, (1323) and Naples (1442).
Taifa kingdom of Granada
By the end of the 13th century Granada was the only
Muslim kingdom left on the Iberian Peninsula. It
occupied part of nowadays Cádiz, Málaga, Granada
and Almería.
How were the new territories conquered?
 In Castile the territories were divided in big
extension of lands that were given to the nobility.
(This is the origin of the large estates
“latifundios”).
 In Valencia, Murcia and Balearic Islands the
Muslims remained in the Christian territories
(Mudéjars) and they continued working the land.
Thanks to this the agricultural prosperity of this
area could continue also under the Christian
period.
Politics: The creation of the “Cortes”
 At the end of the 12th century rich bourgeoisie started to
help the King to govern and the “Cortes” were created.
 In Aragon there were three “Cortes” (one “Cortes” per
kingdom) and they were more respected by the King. (The
“Cortes of Aragon” were more important than the “Cortes”
of Castilla).
 Remember that at the beginning of Middle Ages only nobles
and the church (High clergy) helped the King to govern, it was
called Curia Regia (or Royal Council)

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The Reconquest - Phase 3

  • 1. The Reconquest The Formation of the Christian Kingdoms (8th - 10th c.) The Expansion of the Christian Kingdoms (11th - 12th c.) The Consolidation of the Christian Kingdoms (13th - 14th c.) Conquista Almorávides Emirato Almohades Independiente Califato de Córdoba Reinos de Taifas 711 756 929 1031 1086 1147
  • 2.
  • 3.
  • 4. The Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa The battle of “Las Navas de Tolosa” (1212) means the end of the Muslim supremacy and the beginning of the supremacy of the Christian Kingdoms. This battle was a Crusade against the Muslims. The people that participated in this battle were: • Kings of Castile, Navarre and Crown of Aragon • Military orders • Volunteers from France, Leon and Portugal.
  • 5. Kingdom of Leon Alfonso IX of Leon Doña Berenguela Kingdom of Castile Crown of Castile In 1230 Ferdinand III is going to unify definitively the kingdoms of Castile and Leon. This is the origin of the Crown of Castile.
  • 6. Creation of the Crown of Castile Ferdinand III was the son of Doña Berenguela (Castile) and Alfonso IX (Leon). As they were relatives the Pope cancelled their marriage, but their children were not declared illegitimate due to the pleas of both monarchs. In Castile as all the sons of Alfonso VIII of Castile had died, Doña Berenguela, sister of Alfonso VIII, will be the queen of Castile in 1217 and will hand over the crown to his son Ferdinand III. In addition she will also help his son to inherit the kingdom of Leon when his father (Alfonso IX) died without male descendants.
  • 7. Expansion of the Crown of Castile After the defeat of the Almohads (1212) they conquered the areas of Guadiana and Guadalquivir river valleys (Extremadura, Córdoba, Sevilla, Cádiz, Huelva and Jaén) and Murcia. Only Granada remained Muslim. (Ferdinand III is going to conquer the Guadalquivir river valley and his son Alfonso X, el Sabio, is going to conquer Cádiz and Murcia).
  • 8. Kingdom of Portugal Portugal confirmed its independence and conquered all the territories between the Tajo River and the Algarve.
  • 9. Kingdom of Navarra The kingdom of Navarra is still blocked by Aragon and Castile. Because of this Navarre was not able to conquer any territory.
  • 10. Crown of Aragon James I, king of the Crown of Aragon conquered Castellón, Valencia, Alicante and the Balearic islands. Due to the Treaty of Cazorla the expansion was stopped here because Murcia belonged to the area of expansion of Castile. In the future Aragon will expand in the Mediterranean conquering Sicily (1282), Athens and Neopatria (1311), Sardinia, (1323) and Naples (1442).
  • 11. Taifa kingdom of Granada By the end of the 13th century Granada was the only Muslim kingdom left on the Iberian Peninsula. It occupied part of nowadays Cádiz, Málaga, Granada and Almería.
  • 12. How were the new territories conquered?  In Castile the territories were divided in big extension of lands that were given to the nobility. (This is the origin of the large estates “latifundios”).  In Valencia, Murcia and Balearic Islands the Muslims remained in the Christian territories (Mudéjars) and they continued working the land. Thanks to this the agricultural prosperity of this area could continue also under the Christian period.
  • 13. Politics: The creation of the “Cortes”  At the end of the 12th century rich bourgeoisie started to help the King to govern and the “Cortes” were created.  In Aragon there were three “Cortes” (one “Cortes” per kingdom) and they were more respected by the King. (The “Cortes of Aragon” were more important than the “Cortes” of Castilla).  Remember that at the beginning of Middle Ages only nobles and the church (High clergy) helped the King to govern, it was called Curia Regia (or Royal Council)