From 711 to 1492, control of the Iberian Peninsula changed hands between Muslims and Christians several times. Muslims first entered the peninsula in 711 and defeated the Christians, forcing them into the northern regions where they established kingdoms like Asturias and Aragon. Over time, the Christian kingdoms grew stronger and began retaking lands from the Muslims, culminating in the conquest of Granada in 1492 by the Catholic Monarchs, bringing the entire peninsula under Christian control once more. The marriage of Ferdinand and Isabella united Castile and Aragon, and Aragon expanded its territories across the Mediterranean.

1. From 711 to 1492.

2. In 711, Muslims entered the Iberian Peninsula by the south. They fought against Christians and Muslims defeated them. Muslims sent Christians to the north of the Iberian Peninsula and Christians created some kingdoms there. The kingdoms were: The Astur-Leonés kingdom. The kingdom of Navarre. The kingdom of Aragón. The Catalan counties.

3. The kingdom of Aragón was composed of Aragón, Sobrarbe and Ribagorza. The main city in the kingdom of Aragón was Jaca.

4. Christians started to be stronger and they started to defeat Muslims and won territories. Alfonso I El Batallador conquered Zaragoza in 1118. He left his terriories and his brother Ramiro II El Monje became king. The border of the kingdom of Aragón was then under the river Ebro.

5. The daughter of Ramiro II, called Petronila, got married with Ramón Berenguer IV, count of Barcelona, creating the conexion between the kingdom of Aragón and the Catalan counties. Their son, Alfonso II was the first king of the crown of Aragón.

6. Christians defeated Almohads at the battle of Las Navas de Tolosa, in 1212 and Christians kingdoms started to advance across the southern Peninsula. Jaime I el Conquistador, king of the Crown of Aragón, occupied Valencia, Murcia and Baleares.

7. Fernando II de Aragón and Isabel I of Castille got married on 19 th October 1469, creating a commercial union of the Crown of Aragón and the Crown of Castille.

8. Muslims lost all their territories in the Peninsula except of the Nasrid kingdom of Granada. This kingdom was very weak and they were a vassal of Castille. In 1492 the Catholic Monarchs conquered Granada and all the Peninsula became a Christian territory.

9. After the conquest of Granada the Crown of Aragón became very powerful and it was expanded by the Mediterranean sea. Sicilia, Napoli and Athens were territories of the Crown of Aragón.