The now mainstream platform changes stemming from the first Internet boom brought many changes but didn’t really change the basic relationship between servers and the applications running on them. In fact, that was sort of the point. Today’s workloads require a new model and a new platform for development and execution. The platform must handle a wide range of recent developments, including containers and Docker, distributed resource management, and DevOps tool chains and processes. The resulting infrastructure and management framework must be optimized for distributed and scalable applications, take advantage of innovation stemming from a wide variety of open source projects, span hybrid environments, and be adaptable to equally fundamental changes happening in hardware and elsewhere in the stack.

1. THE NEW PLATFORM:
YOU AIN’T SEEN NOTHIN’ YET
Gordon Haff
@ghaff
Technology Evangelist, Red Hat
8 June 2016

2. ABOUT ME
Red Hat Technology Evangelist
Twitter: @ghaff
Podcast: Cloudy Chat
Newsletter: https://www.getrevue.co/profile/ghaff
Google+: Gordon Haff
Flickr: bitmason
Email: ghaff@redhat.com
Blog: http://bitmason.blogspot.com
Author: Computing Next
Former analyst and minicomputer/Unix guy
2

3. WE ARE IN A CAMBRIAN EXPLOSION
3

4. OPEN SOURCE INNOVATION DISRUPTING
AS ARE ASSOCIATED PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICES
Gordon Haff @ghaff4

5. Gordon Haff @ghaff5
ENOUGH?

6. Gordon Haff @ghaff6
MUCH IS VERY NEW
2006
2007

7. Gordon Haff @ghaff7
SOME IS EVEN NEWER
2006
2007
2012
2013
2014

8. Gordon Haff @ghaff8
COMPUTING AS PUNCTUATED EQUILIBRIA
• Rapidly changing
environment
• Open source innovation
and recombinations
• Intersecting trends
• Hard to predict

9. Gordon Haff @ghaff9
TRADITIONAL INFRASTRUCTURE& APPS
Server, storage, & networking hardware
Operating system
Application
& dependencies Application
& dependencies
Application
& dependencies

10. Gordon Haff @ghaff10
(ONE OF) THE PROBLEMS
Server, storage, & networking hardware
Operating system
Application
& dependencies

11. Gordon Haff @ghaff11
ENTER HARDWARE VIRTUALIZATION
Server, storage, & networking hardware
with CPU, memory, I/O virtualization assists
Hypervisor (or other partitioning methods)
Application
& dependencies
Application
& dependencies
Application
& dependencies
Operating
system
Operating
system
Operating
system

12. Gordon Haff @ghaff12
WHAT CHANGED REALLY?
• Application components still
installed within OS (e.g. yum
install)
• Applications still long-lived &
stateful “pets”
• Server sprawl to virtual machine
sprawl

13. Gordon Haff @ghaff13
WHICH WAS SORT OF THE POINT
• Improved server utilization
reduced CAPEX
• Without (initially) operational
impact

14. Gordon Haff @ghaff14
JUST PULL COMPUTING OFF THE “GRID”?

15. Gordon Haff @ghaff15
THE DISCONTINUITY HITS
• “Software is eating the world”
• Digital transformation needs:
• More effective software delivery
• Reimagined componentized architectures
• Scale
• Pervasive sensors & access

16. Gordon Haff @ghaff16
NEEDED: A NEW PLATFORM FOR CLOUD-
NATIVE APPS DEVELOPED USING DEVOPS

17. Gordon Haff @ghaff17
SOME APPLICATION PROBLEMS TODAY
• Coordination across large teams
• Brittle apps: minor changes cause major
breakage
• Process bogged down by big deployments
• Different teams keep reinventing the
wheel (in gratuitously different ways)
• Hard to scale
• Hard to experiment

18. Gordon Haff @ghaff18
CLOUD-NATIVE APPS
• “Small” independent components
• Accessed as a (micro)service through
an exposed API
• Replacable cogs (“ants”)
• Reliable at the service level
• Portable across hybrid infrastructures

19. DEVOPS APPLIES OPEN SOURCE TOOLS,
PRINCIPLES, AND PRACTICES WITH:
• CULTUREof collaboration valuing openness and
transparency
• Iterative AUTOMATION of process from
development through ongoing operations
• An evolving PLATFORM that optimizes for flexible,
dynamic workloads

20. Gordon Haff @ghaff20
DEVOPS + CLOUD = INDUSTRIALIZE

21. Gordon Haff @ghaff21
WHAT ARE THE ELEMENTS OF THIS FACTORY?
• Software-defined infrastructure
• Container ecosystem
• Orchestration and resource control
• Developer tooling
• Hybrid cloud management

22. Gordon Haff @ghaff22
FROM SERVERS TO DATACENTERS
• Software-defined
• Dynamic resource pool
• Physical/private/public/hybrid

23. Gordon Haff @ghaff23
OPENSTACK: SOFTWARE-DEFINED INFRASTRUCTURE
Linux

24. Gordon Haff @ghaff24
OPTIMIZED CONTAINERS: ISOLATION WITHIN OS
• Linux kernel manages isolation, resource use, and security
• Low overhead
• Bootable, immutable, versioned filesystemtrees (OSTree)
• Namespaces
• SELinux
• Cgroups

25. Gordon Haff @ghaff25
MAKING CONTAINERS SECURE AND TRUSTED
• *Source: Over 30% of Official Images in Docker Hub Contain High Priority Security Vulnerabilities, Jayanth Gummaraju, Tarun Desikan, and Yoshio Turner,
BanyanOps, May 2015 (http://www.banyanops.com/pdf/BanyanOps-AnalyzingDockerHub-WhitePaper.pdf)

26. Gordon Haff @ghaff26
MAKING CONTAINERS USEFUL:
ECOSYSTEM & DEFACTO STANDARDS
1
Open Container Initiative (OCI)
2
Cloud Native Computing Foundation (CNCF)

27. Gordon Haff @ghaff27
OPERATE AT SCALE: EVERYONE IS SCALING!
• Not just unicorns and mammoths
• Different aspects of scale:
• Large scale workloads
• Diverse workloads (batch and services)
• Complex resource management (QoS,
latency sensitivity, etc.)
• Grid computing: It lives!
• Orchestration and resource
management

28. Gordon Haff @ghaff28
ROUNDING OUT THE DEV AND OPS EXPERIENCE
• Developer experience and tools
• Application lifecycle support
(CICD, etc.)
• Service catalog
• xPaaS services
• Build platform and “get out of
the way”
• Container management
• Hybrid cloud management
• Policy-based automation
• Audit support

29. Gordon Haff @ghaff29
THE NEW PLATFORM
Physical hardware
Container resource management
Container-optimized
Linux
Software-defined
infrastructure
Container runtime
& tools
Container/
services
Container/
services
Container/
services
Container/
services
Container/
services
Container/
services
Hybrid cloud management
Developer tooling

30. Gordon Haff @ghaff30
THE CAMBRIAN EXPLOSION ISN’T OVER
• Role of hardware virtualization
• On-premise vs. public cloud trends
• Monoliths vs. Microservices
• Special-purpose hardware
• Balancing innovation with stability

31. BUT PRODUCTION IS HAPPENING
The future is already here—it's
just not very evenly distributed.
William Gibson
Gordon Haff @ghaff31

32. CREDITS
32
Cambrian explosion: Yale University
Punctuated equilibrium: Universityof Californiaat Berkeley
Mainframe: "IBM 704 mainframe" by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. Licensed under Attribution via
Commons - https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:IBM_704_mainframe.gif#/media/File:IBM_704_mainframe.gif
Ants: https://www.flickr.com/photos/pondapple/6502194585Flickr Creative Commons license
Meteor, galaxy: NASA
Datacenter: Google
Dogs: https://www.flickr.com/photos/ulster/3250246355Flickr Creative Commons license
Aircraft factory: Flickr/cc, https://www.flickr.com/photos/jetstarairways/9130160595Kids programming: Esti
Alvarez cc license
Auto factory: Copyright Tesla
Tower: Daniel Pratts CC/flickr https://flic.kr/p/7RE6yc
Cambrian era: BBC
Gordon Haff @ghaff

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