Emerging evidence indicates that impaired cellular energy metabolism is the defining characteristic of nearly all cancers regardless of cellular or tissue origin. In contrast to normal cells, which derive most of their usable energy from oxidative phosphorylation, most cancer cells become heavily dependent on substrate level phosphorylation to meet energy demands. Evidence is reviewed supporting a general hypothesis that genomic instability and essentially all hallmarks of cancer, including anaerobic glycolysis (Warburg effect), can be linked to impaired mitochondrial function and energy metabolism. A view of cancer as primarily a metabolic disease and how Autophagy process is activated will impact approaches to cancer management and prevention
Use slideshow after downloading for better viewing. The slides cover altered metabolism in cancer with a focus on Warburg effect and drug targeting of metabolic pathways for cancer treatment.
Prepared in Oct 2014
Emerging evidence indicates that impaired cellular energy metabolism is the defining characteristic of nearly all cancers regardless of cellular or tissue origin. In contrast to normal cells, which derive most of their usable energy from oxidative phosphorylation, most cancer cells become heavily dependent on substrate level phosphorylation to meet energy demands. Evidence is reviewed supporting a general hypothesis that genomic instability and essentially all hallmarks of cancer, including aerobic glycolysis (Warburg effect), can be linked to impaired mitochondrial function and energy metabolism. A view of cancer as primarily a metabolic disease will impact approaches to cancer management and prevention
Use slideshow after downloading for better viewing. The slides cover altered metabolism in cancer with a focus on Warburg effect and drug targeting of metabolic pathways for cancer treatment.
Prepared in Oct 2014
Emerging evidence indicates that impaired cellular energy metabolism is the defining characteristic of nearly all cancers regardless of cellular or tissue origin. In contrast to normal cells, which derive most of their usable energy from oxidative phosphorylation, most cancer cells become heavily dependent on substrate level phosphorylation to meet energy demands. Evidence is reviewed supporting a general hypothesis that genomic instability and essentially all hallmarks of cancer, including aerobic glycolysis (Warburg effect), can be linked to impaired mitochondrial function and energy metabolism. A view of cancer as primarily a metabolic disease will impact approaches to cancer management and prevention
Majority of cancer lead by point mutation in p53 gene. which is also known as "guardian of genome". this mutation leads conversion of normal cell into cancerous cell.
here is some information about autophagy, how it happend, when it happend and it's mechanism.
and some information about it's effect on cancer and some disorders.
The epigenetic regulation of DNA-templated processes has been intensely studied over the last 15
years. DNA methylation, histone modification, nucleosome remodeling, and RNA-mediated targeting regulate many biological processes that are fundamental to the genesis of cancer. Here, we
present the basic principles behind these epigenetic pathways and highlight the evidence suggesting that their misregulation can culminate in cancer. This information, along with the promising clinical and preclinical results seen with epigenetic drugs against chromatin regulators, signifies that it
is time to embrace the central role of epigenetics in cancer.
A German biochemist, Dr. Otto Warburg showed in 1928 that
tumor cells have a higher rate of glucose metabolism.
▫ He showed that tumor cells convert ten times more glucose
into lactate into glucose (in a given time), under aerobic
conditions.
▫ It is said to be an adaptation of cancer cells, to counter the
variability in energy demand with time. They show high
glycolytic metabolism even with oxygen present.
p53 has been described as “GUARDIAN ANGEL OF THE GENOME”
because it performs following mechanism:
DNA Repair
Cell growth arrest
Apoptosis (programmed cell death)
P53 is also known as cellular tumour antigen Ag, phosphoprotein
P53 or tumour suppressor p53.
P53 protein is encoded by TP53.
Emerging evidence indicates that impaired cellular energy metabolism is the defining characteristic of nearly all cancers regardless of cellular or tissue origin. In contrast to normal cells, which derive most of their usable energy from oxidative phosphorylation, most cancer cells become heavily dependent on substrate level phosphorylation to meet energy demands. Evidence is reviewed supporting a general hypothesis that genomic instability and essentially all hallmarks of cancer, including anaerobic glycolysis (Warburg effect), can be linked to impaired mitochondrial function and energy metabolism. A view of cancer as primarily a metabolic disease and how autophagy process is activated will impact approaches to cancer management and prevention.
Lastly the question is Why some people have no cancer ? the answer is it is the life style and the diet rich in Healthy fat, Antioxidants, Vitamin C, Salvestrols and many natural remedies.
The Root cause and Culprit behind Chronic Diseases, Cancer and Aging is well recognized by many authorities now. 1- A state of chronic low grade inflammation. 2- Mitochondrial dysfunction.
Mitochondria Our body’s lifeline. Mitochondria are tiny organelles in our cell, thousands of them comprising 15 to 50% of the cell volume. Red blood cells and skin cells have very little to none, while germ cells have 100,000, but most cells have one to 2,000 of them. They're the primary source of energy for our body. They supply over 90% of our body’s energy. Converting the food we eat and the air we breathe into usable energy. It have enormous potential to influence our health, specifically cancer, and optimizing mitochondrial metabolism may be at the core of effective cancer treatment.
Majority of cancer lead by point mutation in p53 gene. which is also known as "guardian of genome". this mutation leads conversion of normal cell into cancerous cell.
here is some information about autophagy, how it happend, when it happend and it's mechanism.
and some information about it's effect on cancer and some disorders.
The epigenetic regulation of DNA-templated processes has been intensely studied over the last 15
years. DNA methylation, histone modification, nucleosome remodeling, and RNA-mediated targeting regulate many biological processes that are fundamental to the genesis of cancer. Here, we
present the basic principles behind these epigenetic pathways and highlight the evidence suggesting that their misregulation can culminate in cancer. This information, along with the promising clinical and preclinical results seen with epigenetic drugs against chromatin regulators, signifies that it
is time to embrace the central role of epigenetics in cancer.
A German biochemist, Dr. Otto Warburg showed in 1928 that
tumor cells have a higher rate of glucose metabolism.
▫ He showed that tumor cells convert ten times more glucose
into lactate into glucose (in a given time), under aerobic
conditions.
▫ It is said to be an adaptation of cancer cells, to counter the
variability in energy demand with time. They show high
glycolytic metabolism even with oxygen present.
p53 has been described as “GUARDIAN ANGEL OF THE GENOME”
because it performs following mechanism:
DNA Repair
Cell growth arrest
Apoptosis (programmed cell death)
P53 is also known as cellular tumour antigen Ag, phosphoprotein
P53 or tumour suppressor p53.
P53 protein is encoded by TP53.
Emerging evidence indicates that impaired cellular energy metabolism is the defining characteristic of nearly all cancers regardless of cellular or tissue origin. In contrast to normal cells, which derive most of their usable energy from oxidative phosphorylation, most cancer cells become heavily dependent on substrate level phosphorylation to meet energy demands. Evidence is reviewed supporting a general hypothesis that genomic instability and essentially all hallmarks of cancer, including anaerobic glycolysis (Warburg effect), can be linked to impaired mitochondrial function and energy metabolism. A view of cancer as primarily a metabolic disease and how autophagy process is activated will impact approaches to cancer management and prevention.
Lastly the question is Why some people have no cancer ? the answer is it is the life style and the diet rich in Healthy fat, Antioxidants, Vitamin C, Salvestrols and many natural remedies.
The Root cause and Culprit behind Chronic Diseases, Cancer and Aging is well recognized by many authorities now. 1- A state of chronic low grade inflammation. 2- Mitochondrial dysfunction.
Mitochondria Our body’s lifeline. Mitochondria are tiny organelles in our cell, thousands of them comprising 15 to 50% of the cell volume. Red blood cells and skin cells have very little to none, while germ cells have 100,000, but most cells have one to 2,000 of them. They're the primary source of energy for our body. They supply over 90% of our body’s energy. Converting the food we eat and the air we breathe into usable energy. It have enormous potential to influence our health, specifically cancer, and optimizing mitochondrial metabolism may be at the core of effective cancer treatment.
The Root cause and Culprit behind Chronic Diseases, Cancer and Aging is well recognized now by many authorities. It includes: 1- A state of chronic low grade inflammation. 2- Mitochondrial dysfunction.
In order for our organs to function properly, they require energy, and that energy is produced by the mitochondria (the power engine). Mitochondrial function is at the very heart of everything that occurs in our body. Mitochondria our body’s lifeline are tiny organelles in our cell, thousands of them comprising 15 to 50% of the cell volume. Red blood cells and skin cells have very little to none, while germ cells have 100,000, but most cells have one to 2,000 of them. They're the primary source of energy for our body. They supply over 90% of our body’s energy. Converting the food we eat and the air we breathe into usable energy. It have enormous potential to influence our health, specifically cancer. Optimizing mitochondrial function and preventing mitochondrial dysfunction is extremely important for health and disease prevention and may be at the core of effective cancer treatment. Important nutrients and co-factors for mitochondrial function include: all B vitamins, magnesium, omega-3 fat, CoQ10, acetyl L- carnitine, D-ribose, and alpha-lipoic acid. Exercise is also important for mitochondrial health and function
Naturopathic Oncology - Anti-Oxidants - Second in a SeriesSheldon Stein
Professor Serge Jurasunas N.D., M.D. (Hon.) addresses the use of antioxidants in the treatment of cancer, given in Paris, France 2008, at the Anti-Aging Medicine World Congress. This was a workshop for the participants. For further information: www.sergejurasusas .com
The New Lifestyle diseases is a Puzzle searching for an answer. These diseases emerged as bigger killers than infectious or hereditary diseases. Our view should be global as our body is a one unit containing multiple systems and organs. What is true is that our life style have been changed. We are cornered and surrounded by different kinds of pollutants. The price of our non biological inflammatory life style is
1- A state of chronic low grade inflammation which plays a role in all major diseases including musculoskeletal manifestations
2- Mitochondrial dysfunction, which is root cause of chronic diseases including cancer, nearly all chronic diseases and accelerated aging
The big question is what causes Mitochondrial dysfunction?? The aim of this presentation is to find an answer to this question
A branch of medicine dealing with diseases and metabolic disorders that affect mitochondria. Focusing on diagnosing and treatment of wide range of these diseases. The symptom of these diseases varies from metabolic-induced developmental delay to complex problems that involve many body systems.
Biological diversity, or biodiversity, is the scientific term for the variety and variability of life on Earth. Biodiversity is the key indicator of the health of an ecosystem. Every living thing, including man, is involved in these complex networks of interdependent relationships, which are called ecosystems.
Like all healthy ecosystems, Richness of microbiota species characterizes the GI microbiome in healthy individuals. Conversely, a loss in species diversity is a common finding in several disease states.Microbiota Biodiversity helps us : 1- Combat aggressions from other microorganisms, 2- Maintaining the wholeness of the intestinal mucosa. 3- Plays an important role in the immune system, 4- Performing a barrier effect.5- A healthy and balanced gut microbiota is key to ensuring proper digestive functioning. A gut out of balance means a body out of balance which means illness including Inflammation, Allergies, Infections, Nutrient deficiencies, Weight Gain, Asthma-allergies – Autoimmunity
• Arthritis, Metabolic Bone disease, Skin problems e.g. eczema, Rosacia, Mood disorders - Cognitive decline-Alzheimers and Cancer.
Nutraceutical and functional food:as a remedy for chronical diseasesAayush Wadhwa
A thorough presentation for reference only. I have discussed detailed mechanisms and processes of various food components in diet and how they are associated with chronical diseses
Exercise is any bodily activity that enhances or maintain physical fitness and overall health, Exercise with its Countless Benefits is the logical salvage for a group of diseases related to inactivity . In view of the prevalence, global reach and health effect of these physical inactivity related diseases, the issue should be appropriately described as pandemic, with far-reaching health, economic, social and Environmental consequences.These diseases include, Obesity, Coronary artery disease, Diabetes, Hypertension, Cancer, Depression and anxiety, Arthritis, Osteoporosis, Etc, etc, etc… I think we have no option except doing regular exercises if we seriously searching for a salvage to escape the bad and serious consequences of these new life style diseases.
Review by Louis B. Cady, MD (Cady Wellness Institute) of need for vitamin and mineral supplements, current evidence for loss of minerals and nutrients in soils. Reasonable strategies for identifying supplement needs. Understand how declining nutrients, inadequate intake of recommended servings of fruits and vegetables all contribute to chronic health conditions.
Cancer is describes as the disease that results due to cellular changes and these changes cause the uncontrolled growth and division of cells. A cell receives instructions to die so that the body can replace it with a newer cell that functions better. Cancerous cells lack the components that instruct them to stop dividing and to die. Chemotherapeutic drugs CDs are the most widespread worldwide modality used in cancer treatment, and other autoimmune diseases. However, their non selective mechanism of action affects both cancerous and non cancerous cells, that resulting in well documented side effects. Nurses are at risk of suffering side effects. Little negligence or mistake may lead to adverse unpleasant effects for patients, staff and environment. Miss. Madhu Rajput | Mr. Raghavendran M "Chemotherapeutic Drugs" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd43941.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/nursing/43941/chemotherapeutic-drugs/miss-madhu-rajput
To Restore Your Gut Bacteria and Health rememder the saying of Messenger of Allah Muhammad pbuh ; "No man fills a container worse than his stomach. A few morsels that keep his back upright are sufficient for him. If he has to, then he should keep one-third for food, one-third for drink and one-third for his breathing.“ [At-Tirmidhi] . Also remember the saying of Hippocrates 460 BC - 370 BC : "Let thy food be thy medicine and thy medicine be thy food". And this saying by Moses Maimonides, the great 12th century physician : "No illness which can be treated by diet should be treated by any other means”.
Aging is the progressive accumulation of damage to an organism over time leading to disease and death. Aging research has been very intensive in the last years aiming at characterizing the Pathophysiology of aging and finding possibilities to fight age-related diseases. Various theories of aging have been proposed. In the last years advanced glycation end products (AGEs) have received particular attention in this context. AGEs are formed in high amounts in diabetes but also in the physiological organism during aging. Higher levels of diabetic complications are due to poor glycemic control. The incidence and prevalence of diabetes mellitus is rising. About 50% of people with diabetes mellitus are unaware of their condition. Pharmacotherapy and Therapeutic lifestyle change (Diet, Regular exercises, Sunshine, Vitamin D and Calcium normal levels) should be the cornerstone of diabetes management.
Epigenetics, the microbiome and the environmentfathi neana
An epigenome consists of a record of the chemical changes to the DNA and histone proteins of an organism. These changes can be passed down to an organism's offspring via transgenerational epigenetic inheritance. Epigenetics, Gut microbiome and the Environment interplay like a vicious triad.
1- The epigenome is highly sensitive to external environment
2- The epigenome is highly sensitive to internal environment (Microbiome)
3- The microbiome (internal environment) is affected by the external environment
Care of the microbiome seems to be a personal issue but as it is affected by the external environment the issue must be global and a worldwide campaign have to be started.
Covid -19 informations you have to knowfathi neana
With Corona worldwide pandemic the people who exposed to the virus show different reactions some did not catch the virus and among those who catch the virus most of them did not show any symptoms or mild unnoticeable symptoms but some of them show sever manifestations and are killed by this virulent virus. Luckily enough this last group are the minority. The question is not why some people is affected by the virus but th question should be why most of the people are not affected or even those who are affected can defeat the virus and escape its fatal outcome?. To answer this question we have to know some basic facts.
A vitamin is an organic molecule (or related set of molecules) that is anessential micronutrient which an organism needs in small quantities for the proper functioning of its metabolism. Essential nutrients cannot besynthesized in the organism, either at all or not in sufficient quantities, and therefore must be obtained through the diet.
Vitamins are classified as either water-soluble or fat-soluble. In humans there are 13 vitamins: 4 fat-soluble (A, D, E, and K) and 9 water-soluble (8 B vitamins and vitamin C). Water-soluble vitamins dissolve easily in water and, in general, are readily excreted from the body, to the degree that urinary output is a strong predictor of vitamin consumption. Because they are not as readily stored, more consistent intake is important. Fat-soluble vitamins are absorbed through the intestinal tractwith the help of lipids (fats). Vitamins A and D can accumulate in the body, which can result in dangerous hypervitaminosis. Fat-soluble vitamin deficiency due to malabsorption is of particular significance in cystic fibrosis.
Free radicals are electron missing atoms or molecules. It is very unstable and react quickly with other compounds, trying to capture the needed electron to gain stability.
Generally, free radicals attack the nearest stable molecule, "stealing" its electron.
When the "attacked" molecule loses its electron, it becomes a free radical itself, beginning a chain reaction like snowball.
Once the process is started, it can cascade, finally resulting in the disruption of a living cell. The rule of antioxidants is to give electrons to free radicals and neutralize its destructive effects especially on the DNA.
Intermittent fasting had a strong anti inflammatory effect beside the many other benefits. Intermittent fasting is an eating pattern and Interventional strategy where in individuals are subjected to varying periods of fasting. It doesn’t specify which foods you should eat but rather when you should eat them. Intermittent fasting (IF) is an eating pattern that cycles between periods of fasting and eating. It’s currently very popular in the health and fitness community. Recently attracted attention because:
1- Its Evidence-Based Health Benefits
2- Its potential for correcting metabolic Abnormalities
3- Better adherence than other methods
Free radicals are very unstable and react quickly with other compounds, trying to capture the needed electron to gain stability.
Generally, free radicals attack the nearest stable molecule, "stealing" its electron.
When the "attacked" molecule loses its electron, it becomes a free radical itself, beginning a chain reaction.
Once the process is started, it can cascade, finally resulting in the disruption of a living cell.
The drawbacks of climate change are so overt. The Disturbance of Great Ocean Conveyor currents led to the extreme changes in temperature around the globe in the form of a cooler northern, warmer tropical and cooler snowy winter, warmer summer. Many deaths from hypothermia were reported especially in refugee camps as it is not well equipped. Hypothermia is a medical emergency that occurs when the body loses heat faster than it can produce heat, causing a dangerously low body temperature. Normal body temperature is around 98.6 F (37 C). Hypothermia occurs as the body temperature falls below 95 F (35 C). When body temperature drops, heart, nervous system and other organs can't work normally. Left untreated, hypothermia can eventually lead to complete failure of heart and respiratory system and eventually to death.
Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO)fathi neana
Like all healthy ecosystems, Richness of microbiota species characterizes the GI microbiome in healthy individuals. Conversely, a loss in species diversity (Dysbiosis) is a common finding in several disease states. The types of Dysbiosis are: 1- Loss of beneficial bacteria. 2- Overgrowth of potentially pathogenic bacteria. 3- Loss of overall bacterial diversity. 4- Overgrown in an area they’re not supposed to be in like the small intestine (SIBO).
The overgrowth of microbes in the small intestine results in: 1- fermentation of food in the small intestine, producing hydrogen and other gases. 2- They can also degrade the thin mucus layer and come in contact with the gut barrier, causing inflammation and intestinal permeability (Leaky gut). 3- This can lead to a variety of unpleasant symptoms and consequences like food allergies , sensitivities and chronic inflammatory processes. 4- SIBO leads to both maldigestion and malabsorption as the bacteria interfere with normal enzymatic and metabolic activity of the small intestine. 5- Additionally, these bacteria are associated with increased serum endotoxin and bacterial compounds stimulating production of (pro)inflammatory cytokines. 6- Iron is typically absorbed in the duodenum and the jejunum and SIBO can interfere with this absorption resulting in microcytic anemia. 7- Vitamin B12 is absorbed in the ileum and patients with SIBO often have B12 malabsorbtion which leads to megaloblastic anemia and B12 deficiency.
The best treatment for SIBO, like other forms of bacterial imbalance – or DYSBIOSIS is rehabilitating our microbiome.”
Biological diversity, or biodiversity, is the scientific term for the variety and variability of life on Earth. Biodiversity is the key indicator of the health of an ecosystem. Every living thing, including man, is involved in these complex networks of interdependent relationships, which are called ecosystems.
Like all healthy ecosystems, Richness of microbiota species characterizes the GI microbiome in healthy individuals. Conversely, a loss in species diversity is a common finding in several disease states. Microbiota Biodiversity helps us : 1- Combat aggressions from other microorganisms, 2- Maintaining the wholeness of the intestinal mucosa. 3- Plays an important role in the immune system, 4- Performing a barrier effect.5- A healthy and balanced gut microbiota is key to ensuring proper digestive functioning. A gut out of balance means a body out of balance which means illness including Inflammation, Allergies, Infections, Nutrient deficiencies, Weight Gain, Asthma-allergies – Autoimmunity
• Arthritis, Metabolic Bone disease, Skin problems e.g. eczema, rosacia, Mood disorders - Cognitive decline-Alzheimers and Cancer.
Microbiota, Vitamin D Receptor and Autoimmuityfathi neana
1. Vitamins are substances which usually cannot be made by the body itself.
2. The body synthesizes vitamin D from 7-dehydro-cholesterol. Vitamin D is not a vitamin, it is a Gene-Transcriptional-Activator, a paracrine steroid hormone. It is the primary ligand which activate VDR
3. Deactivated VDR causes down regulation of the innate immunity. The burden on adaptive immunity increases creating a state of chronic inflammation with possible maladaptation and autoimmunity
4. What causes VDR deactivation is mostly a state of chronic inflammation caused by the pathogens associated with dysbiosis or leaky gut
5. VDR deactivation lead to Increased 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin-D (calcitriol) as there is no consumption and no breakdown
6. Sunshine, dietry and Ingested Vitamin D are preparing the precursors of 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin-D (calcitriol)in the presence of good liver and kidney function
7. 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin-D (calcitriol) is the active form which act as the primary ligand for VDR
8. Olmesartan, a VDR agonist, restores innate immune activity, allows (slow) recovery from advanced disease.
9. Treatment on the long term should be directed to reactivation of VDR by the Natural Ways that Increase Calcitrol and Vitamin D Receptor Gene Expression
10. restoring a balanced Microbiota and overcoming the leaky gut play a major rule in VDR reactivation
Successful management of Polytrauma must achieve the following goals, 1- Keep someone alive that would be dead without you 2- Prioritize treatment to prevent killing someone 3- Treat extremity injuries to return the patient to a functional life. The Priorities are 1- Life threatening, 2- Limb threatening, 3- Function threatening. The question about the best strategy in the management Polytrauma and the choice between an Early Total Care (ETC) vs. Damage Control Orthopedics (DCO) will be answered in this presentation.
Microbiota, vitamin D receptor VDR and autoimmuityfathi neana
The big question is what is behind sickness during our life ?. How the pathogens can prevail and what happen to our immune system and microbiota. How the pathogens in a clever way shut down the innate immunity causing persistent chronic illness, chronic inflammation, maladaptive autoimmunity and other chronic diseases. What is the rule of vitamin D and its receptor VDR . What about the current debate regarding the best choice for managing vitamin D deficient function. Hope we can find the answer in this presentation.
DIC is not a disease entity but an event that can accompany various disease processes. It is an “Acquired” Pathological process. Widespread activation of the clotting cascade lead to formation of blood clots in small blood vessels throughout the body causing a compromise of tissue blood flow leading to multiple organ damage MOD. The coagulation process consumes clotting factors and platelets,normal clotting is disrupted and severe bleeding can occur from various sites. Patients with DIC should be treated at hospitals with appropriate critical care units (ICU) with available Subspecialty expertise, such as hematology, blood bank, or surgery. Patients who present to hospitals without those capabilities and who are stable enough for transfer should be referred expeditiously to a hospital that has those resources. Treatment of DIC includes the underlying disorder, supportive treatment and hemostatic Therapy.
Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) & pulmonary embolism (PE). Life-threatening complications following trauma. Incidence of 5 to 63%. Risk factors: Pelvic and lower extremity fractures,Head injury and Prolonged immobilization. DVT prophylaxis is essential in the management of trauma patients.
Sepsis is the systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) due to severe infection. Sepsis simply is a Race to death between the host immune system and the pathogens. Micro-organisms grow out of control => hyperinflammatory response, With this insidious pathology the body attacks itself (auto immunity) leading to life threatening risk of organ dysfunction, septic shock and death. Micro-organisms can invade the body through wounds, IV lines, catheters etc. Sepsis kills more than 210,000 people in the US /year. It kills about 1,400 people worldwide every day. Significant decrease in Mortality due to increased Recognition and early Treatment.
Fat Embolism Syndrome (FES) is a Syndrome characterized by: Hypoxia, Confusion and Petechiae. Presenting soon after long bone fracture and soft tissue injury. Diagnosed by exclusion of other causes 0f (Hypoxia & Confusion). It occurs in 0.9 – 8.5% of all fracture patients. Up to 35% of the multiply injured. Mortality 2.5 – 15 - 20%. Rare in upper limb injury and children.
Treatment includes prompt stabilization of long bone fractures and supportive measures which includes: 1- Oxygen Therapy to maintain PaO2. 2- Mechanical Ventilation. 3- Adequate Hydration.
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a Sudden failure of the respiratory system. It Can occur in anyone over the age of one who is critically ill. It is a Life- threatening because normal gas exchange does not take place due to severe fluid buildup in both lungs.
Prevention can be achieved by Limiting Blood Loss so decreasing transfusion requirements, Early Stabilization Of unstable Fractures and Early prophylactic mechanical Ventilation.
Established cases with ARDS is treated in the Intensive Care Unit By Mechanical ventilation and Oxygen therapy through a ventilator, Fluids through an IV line to improve blood flow and provide nutrition and medicine to prevent and treat infections and to relieve pain.
To manage a multiply injured patient the Priorities and the Way of thinking have to be very clear. The aim is to save lives not just fixing a fracture in a limb. Orthopedic team becomes resuscitators and stabilizers not just fixers. Early Skeletal fixation (DCO) is appropriate by external fixator. As Early Total Care may be very risky in Hemodynamic instability, pulmonary instability, and severe head injury. Careful attention to guard against the lethal triad (Coagulopathy, Hypothermia and Acidosis).
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
MANAGEMENT OF ATRIOVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION BLOCK.pdfJim Jacob Roy
Cardiac conduction defects can occur due to various causes.
Atrioventricular conduction blocks ( AV blocks ) are classified into 3 types.
This document describes the acute management of AV block.
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
3. The big question about cancer
why the new cases of cancer and the deaths due to
cancer are still increasing ?
Is it due to the new life style ?
Is it due to the mainstream medicine and conventional
healthcare ?
What is the root cause of cancer ?
Is it a genetic disease or a metabolic disease with
metabolic solutions ?
4. New Lifestyle diseases
Non-communicable diseases (NCDs)
• Obesity
• Metabolic syndrome
• Coronary artery disease
• Diabetes type 2
• Hypertension
• Arteriosclerosis
• Stroke
• Cancer
• Depression - anxiety
• Arthritis
• Osteomalacia
• Osteoporosis
• Swimmer's ear – loss of hearing
• Ch. obstructive pulmonary disease
• Liver Cirrhosis
• Nephritis
• Neuro degenerative diseases
• Etc, etc, etc…
Emerged as bigger killers than infectious or hereditary ones.
The leading cause of death worldwide.
63% of all annual deaths.
> 38 million people are killed /year.
1- Cardiovascular diseases (17.5 million)
Complications of hypertension (9.4 million)
2- Cancers (8.2 million) – (8.8 m 2015)
3- Respiratory diseases (4 million)
5- Diabetes (1.5 million)
These 4 diseases account for 80 % of all NCDs deaths (> 38 million)
4- USA’s 4th Leading Cause of Death – Pharma’s Drugs
Posted on June 25, 2012 by Child Health Safety
Causes:
• Stress-Depression
• Diet
• Sleep-awake
• Lack of Exercise
• Sun avoidance
• Wireless WiFi devices
• Leaky gut syndrome
• Other pollutants
Including Medicines
5. Cancers is the second leading cause of death
Worldwide (8.8 million 2015)
8. The Root cause and Culprit behind
Chronic Diseases, Cancer and Aging
1- A state of chronic low grade
inflammation
Dr. Richard K. Bernstein
Diabetes & Inflammation—the Vicious Cycle
(Hyperglycemia – Omega 6 - Obesity) - Leukotriene B(4) (LTB(4)
Lindsay Christensen
Lindsay Christensen is a health writer and researcher with her B.S. in
Biomedical Science and an Emphasis in Nutrition
(Pathogens, unhealthy diet, lack of exercise).
2- Mitochondrial dysfunction
(not the genetic make up)
Dr. Ron Rosedale
Breakthrough views on clinical metabolic biochemistry
1- Harmful Effects of too much Sugar
->> Insulin and leptin receptor resistance
->> Free radicals (ROS) 90% Mitochondria
2- Harmful Effects of too much Protein
->> Activation of the (mTOR) metabolic signaling pathway
3- Physical inactivity (lack of exercise) - (PGC-1α)
4- Pollutants - (free radicals –oxidative stress)
5- Drugs causing mitochondrial toxicity
(iatrogenic)
Mitochondrial dysfunction
Energy (ATP - ADP)
Leukotriene B(4) (LTB(4)
acts as a signal to relay
information from cell to
cell over long distances.
9. 1- A state of chronic low grade
inflammation
2- Mitochondrial dysfunction
(not the genetic make up)
11. Mitochondria are tiny organelles in our cell.
- Thousands comprising 15 to 50% of the cell volume
-Red blood cells and skin cells have very little to none
- Germ cells have 100,000
-Most cells have one to 2,000 of them
-Cardiac muscles 5000
-Liver cells >2000
Energy is required for our organs to function properly, that energy is
produced by the mitochondria (the power engine).
Mitochondrial function is at the very heart of everything that occurs in
our body, It is our body’s lifeline. It is a Power plant.
They're the primary source of energy for our body. They supply over
90% of our body’s energy by Converting the food we eat and the air we
breathe into usable energy
It have enormous potential to influence our health, specifically cancer,
and optimizing mitochondrial metabolism may be at the core of effective
cancer treatment
The Mitochondria
How Your Mitochondria Influence Your Health
January 24, 2016
12. Unlike mammalian muscle, flight
muscle predominantly relies on
lipid oxidation
lipid oxidation, result in higher long
lasting energy and lower reactive
oxygen species production in birds
compared with mammals.
Mitochondria occupy 35% of fiber
volume in hummingbird flight
muscles
Mitochondria Cluster beneath the
sarcolemmal membrane adjacent to
capillaries to a greater extent than
in mammalian muscles
13. Acetic acid acetyl group, derived from acetic
acid, is fundamental to the biochemistry of
virtually all forms of life. When bound to
coenzyme A it forms acetyl-CoA
The citric acid cycle is a key metabolic pathway that unifies carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism.
The reactions of the cycle are carried out by 8 enzymes that completely oxidize acetate, in the form
of acetyl-CoA
ِباَنأعَ أاْلَو ِلي ِخَّنال ِتاَرَمَث نِمَوُهأنِم َونُذ ِخَّتَت
اًَركَسََٰذ يِف َّنِإ ۗ اًنَسَح اًقأز ِرَوأعَي ٍم أوَقِِّل ًةَي َل َكِلَونُلِق
(67)النحل سورة
وسلم عليه هللا صلى قال:(َخال ُمداِاإل َمأعِنُّل)
مسلم رواه(2051)
الكحو ل ّتحو توضح التالية الكيميائية المعادلةإلى ل
األكسجين غاز مع بالتفاعل ّلخ:
CH3CH2OH + 2 O2 --- >
2 CH3COOH + 2 H2O
Alcohol + Oxygen ---->
Acetic Acid + Water
كحول+أوكسجين----->حمضالخل+ماء
Mitochondria
CoA
How the human life is maintained
14. AIR
O2
FUEL
Carb-Protein-Fat
How the human life is maintained
WATER
﴾ٍِّيَح ٍءأيَش َّلُك ِاءَمألا َنِم اَنألَعَجَ﴿و[اْلن سورةالية بياء:30]
And We have made from water every living thing.
ENERGY
Cell survival
Waste (ROS)
Free radicals
Cell apoptosis
Control system: (Signaling pathway - Feed back) - Nervous
(hypothalamus) – Hormonal – Enzymatic
Aged cells
Cancer cells
Mitochondria
16. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)
Possess multiple functions in cellular biology,
involving cell death, proliferation, and differentiation.
Moderate Amount of (ROS)
Regulates cell death (Apoptosis) ,
proliferation, and differentiation.
(Apoptosis) of aged cells, cancer cells, damaged cells
Too much (ROS)
Harm the mitochondria DNA itself
Mitochondrial dysfunction
We adjust the dose of medicines to kill the
pathogens not to harm the host
The free radical - Reactive Oxygen Species
(ROS)
17. Mitochondrial dysfunction
The common factor in Chronic Diseases, Cancer and Aging
Too much Free radical
Oxidative cell stress
Metabolic (ROS) Environmental,
Drugs, Chemicals, virus, Radiation,
Infection, Starvation, etc..
Degenerative Diseases
Pulmonary fibrosis - Neuronal
degeneration - Heart failure -
Kidney failure
Metabolic dysfunction
Obesity - Diabetes
Cancer
Warburg effect
Aging & Apoptosis
Abnormal inflammation & Immunity
Mitochondrial
dysfunction
Less Bioenergetic
metabolism
nDNA
mtDNA
Damage or
Mutation
19. Cell commits suicide by apoptosis. Cellular homicide is necrosis
Apoptosis (from Ancient Greek word “falling off”)
Apoptosis is a process of programmed cell death that
occurs in multicellular organisms.
Biochemical events lead to characteristic cell changes (morphology)
and death.
Programmed cell death (APOPTOSIS)
Dr. Anurag Jain
Pathological causes :
1) Cell death produced by a variety of mild injurious stimuli like
– heat, radiation, cytotoxic cancer drugs, infection, etc.
that cause irreparable DNA damage that in turn triggers cell suicide pathways.
2) Cell injury in certain viral diseases such as viral hepatitis.
3) Cell death in tumors.
Physiologic causes:
1) The programmed destruction of cell during embryogenesis. It is programmed
because it is death of specific cell types at defined times during development.
2) Hormone-dependent physiologic involution, such as involution of the
endometrium during the menstrual cycle.
3) Cell deletion in proliferating cell population, such as intestinal crypt epithelium
4) Death of cells that have served there useful purpose, such as neutrophils in
an acute inflammatory respone.
5) Elimination of potentially harmful self reactive lymphocytes.
20. Mitochondria is a semi autonomous cell
organelle
1- Mitochondria have their own copy of
DNA which can replicate independently.
The mitochondrial DNA produces its own mRNA,
tRNA and rRNA.
2- The organelles posses their
own ribosomes, called mitoribosomes.
3- Mitochondria synthesize some of their own
structural proteins. However, most of
the mitochondrial proteins are synthesized under
instructions from cell nucleus.
4- The organelles synthesize some of
the enzymes required for their
functioning. e.g. succinate dehydrogenase.
5- They show hypertrophy .i.e. internal growth.
21. Mitochondrial fission, fusion, and stress
Youle RJ1, van der Bliek AM.
Mitochondrial fission and fusion:
play critical roles in maintaining functional mitochondria when
cells experience metabolic or environmental stresses.
Fusion:
helps mitigate stress by mixing the contents of partially
damaged mitochondria as a form of complementation.
Fission:
is needed to create new mitochondria, but it also contributes
to quality control by enabling the removal of damaged
mitochondria and can facilitate apoptosis during high
levels of cellular stress.
Disruptions in these processes affect normal development, and they have been
implicated in neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson's
22. Mitochondrial fission, fusion, and stress
PPARGC1A
PGC-1α )PPARGC1A):
The master regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis
is a protein encoded by the PPARGC1A gene. known as human accelerated region 20
(HAR20).
PGC-1α is a transcriptional co activator that regulates the genes involved in energy
metabolism. It is the master regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis.
plays a central role in the regulation of cellular energy metabolism.
It stimulates 1- mitochondrial biogenesis 2- promotes the remodeling of muscle tissue to a
fiber-type that is metabolically more oxidative and less glycolytic in nature.
It participates in the regulation of both carbohydrate & lipid metabolism.
It is involved in obesity, diabetes, & cardiomyopathy.
PGC-1α activating host factors:
1- Free Radicals
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS),
both formed intracellularly as by-products of metabolism but upregulated during
times of cellular stress.
2- Cold Exposure
adaptive thermogenesis
3- Endurance Exercise
PGC-1α determines lactate metabolism, preventing high lactate levels in
endurance athletes & making lactate as an energy source
23. Creating energy, by burning fuel in the mitochondria, is necessary, but it
is destructive to our bodies,
Just like burning gasoline or diesel is necessary, but destructive to the
engine of the automobile.
The mitochondria can only burn fat or sugar for energy.
Our Mitochondrial Cellular Engines Run Best With Fat As Fuel,
Instead of Sugar!
•more energy than does burning sugar
•Fewer free radicals are released when burning fat than when
burning sugar
Main Mitochondrial Fuel Concept
Fat is the Best Fuel
•Burning sugar is very fast compared to burning fat, and so, sugar burning is very USEFUL DURING
TIMES OF EMERGENCY.
If our bodies had been designed to primarily burn sugar as a fuel, then we would store sugar cubes
within our bodies, but we don’t, we store fat. We store only minor amounts of sugar (in the form of
glycogen) — enough to last for 30 to 60 minutes of emergency exertion.
24. There are only three reasons for the body to be in
sugar burning mode:
• Too much stress.
Stress creates the adrenal gland to relase adrenaline. Adrenaline overrides the
hypothalamus signal and instructs sugar burning.
• Too much blood sugar.
Blood sugar (over time) damages receptors in the hypothalamus. When these
receptors are damaged then the hypothalamus cannot correctly sense leptin... and
believe there is no fat (i.e. starvation is occurring).
• Too much stored fat (Obesity).
Too much stored fat produces large amounts of circulating leptin which desensitizes
the hypothalamus’s ability to detect leptin (Leptin resistance). When leptin levels
are not able to be detected, because the receptors in the hypothalamus have been
desensitized, the hypothalamus believes the body is starving and instructs sugar
burning in order to conserve and build up fat stores. This is ironic because essential
the body’s pantries are full of fat, but these pantries are inaccessible and so the cells
are instructed to ignore fat and look for sugar to burn for energy ( Craving).
Why Does the Hypothalamus Unnecessarily Force
a Sugar Burning Mode in Our Bodies?
26. This book aims to provide evidence, through case studies, that
cancer is primarily a metabolic disease requiring metabolic solutions
for its management and prevention.
Is Cancer a genetic disease?
Why it is not transferred through the nuclear DNA (nDNA -
nGenome)?
Cancer as a Metabolic Disease: On the Origin, Management,
and Prevention of Cancer
by Thomas N. Seyfried
27. Is Cancer a genetic disease?
Why it is not transferred through the nuclear DNA (nDNA - nGenome)?
Why mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA - mtGenome) promote or inhibit metastasis ?
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) Plays a Role in
Metastasis
Experiments in mice show that mitochondria, both within the tumor
and beyond, can make the difference between promoting or
inhibiting cancer spread.
Apr 18, 2018
KERRY GRENS
Mitochondrial genome (mtDNA) was tied to the speed
of cancer growth and metastasis
2017 report in Cancer Research by Welch’s group
Danny Welch, a cancer biologist at the University of Kansas
Medical Center
28. With hypoxia and mitochondrial dysfunction cells should die by autophagy
Cancer cell adapted with defective aerobic respiration and resist apoptosis
(autophagy) by fermenting the sugar
29. Dr. Otto Warburg was a physician with a
Ph.D. in chemistry and was close friends
with Albert Einstein.
Most experts recognize Warburg as the
greatest biochemist of the 20th century.
He received a Nobel Prize in 1931
for his discovery that cancer cells use
glucose as a source of energy production
(anaerobic Glycolysis)
This is called the "Warburg Effect"
Sadly, to this day it is essentially ignored
by nearly every expert.
30. Some Features of Warburg Effect
Rule of hypoxia, mitochondrial dysfunction and sugar
Smaller numbers of mitochondria & mitochondrial
dysfunction in tumour cells
thus resulting in less ATP generation and higher consumption of Energy
(ATP).
Glucose uptake and glycolysis
proceed about ten times faster in most solid tumours than in non-
cancerous tissues.
Hypoxia of Tumour cells
(limited oxygen supply), because they initially lack an extensive capillary
network to supply the tumour with oxygen.
HIF-1 (Hypoxia-Inducible Factor -1)
is a protein that stimulates the activity of eight glycolytic enzymes and it
gives tumour cell capacity to survive Anaerobic conditions.
Glycolytic enzymes, overproduced by tumour cells including
an isozyme of Hexokinase-II and it results in committing the cell to continued
glycolysis.
31. 4- ketogenic diet,
forces cancer cells to use its mitochondria (cut off sugar) with a burst of reactive oxygen species
ROS.
ketogenic diet which radically improves mitochondrial health, could help most cancers, especially if
used in conjunction with glucose fermentation poisons like 3-bromopyruvate.
1- Serious mitochondrial dysfunction with decreased numbers of
functional mitochondria.
The mitochondria can still function in cancer cells
2- The metabolic switch:
Hypoxia in the presence of sugar cancer cells become immediately dependent on
glucose (Anaerobic glycolysis) and not using their mitochondria (no reactive
oxygen species ROS any longer)
3- Forcing it to use its mitochondria (cut off sugar)
we get a burst of reactive oxygen species ROS that lead to death, because that
cancer cell is already primed for that death. It's ready to die.
Mitochondria's Role in Cancer
The metabolic switch of Cancer cells
32. The metabolic switch of Cancer cells
Anaerobic Glycolysis
1- Mitochondrial dysfunction 2- Hypoxia 3- Sugar
Cancer cells
1-
2-
3-
33. Cut of this metabolic switch
1- Mitochondrial Biogenesis
2- Hyperbaric oxygen
3- Cut the Sugar off
The logical and sensible salvage
is to Cut off this metabolic switch
35. Dr. Ron Rosedale : Defective metabolic processes in mitochondria, not the genetic make up That cause
cancer and nearly all other chronic diseases, including accelerated aging
What causes Mitochondrial dysfunction?
The causes of Defective metabolic processes in mitochondria ?
1- The Harmful Effects of too much Sugar
A- Diet (HCLF)
Insulin and leptin receptor resistance
Free radicals (ROS) 90% in Mitochondria
B- Stress.
Adrenaline – hypothalamus ->> sugar
C- Obesity
Leptin resistance - hypothalamus ->> sugar
2- The Harmful Effects of too much Protein
Activation of the mTOR metabolic signaling pathway
3- Lack of exercise and Physical activity
Inhibition of PGC-1α (PPARGC1A)
4- Pollutants
free radicals – oxidative stress
5- Drugs
causing mitochondrial toxicity (iatrogenic)
37. Sugar is a “dirty” fuel, excessive free radicals caused by reactive
oxygen species (ROS).
Wile fat burns much cleaner. So by replacing carbs with healthy
fats,’ mitochondria are less likely to suffer damage
90 % or more of the total ROS (Reactive oxygen species)
are produced within the mitochondria, causing devastating
damage.
It was thought excessive ROS could be addressed by taking
antioxidants, but we now know that this was a flawed strategy and it
is far better to prevent their production by eating an optimal fuel
mixture.
LCHF - MMT - KD can help our cells’ mitochondria reach the
“Goldilocks” zone for producing ROS — not too much and not too
little, but just the “right” amounts for healthy cellular and
mitochondrial function.
Harmful Effects of too much Sugar
Chronic low grade inflammation - Mitochondrial dysfunction
38. Harmful Effects of too much Sugar
Chronic low grade inflammation - Mitochondrial dysfunction
1- State of chronic inflammation
2- Lipoprotein Oxidation & Glycation
3- Hyper insulinemia syndrome - Metabolic syndrome
-> Insulin resistance (type 2 DM)
-> increased triglycerides VLDL (Very-low-density lipoprotein)
-> Cholesterol (small dense LDL type B particles)
4- HFCS (High-fructose corn syrup) is found in almost all types of
processed foods and drinks (Sugar: toxic, addicting, and deadly)
5- feeds” the cancer cells fructose is readily used by cancer cells (not
using mitochondria – no ROS to kill it)
6- Gaining weight (insulin and leptin signaling resistance)
7- Increases uric acid levels - risk for heart & kidney
8- Overloads and damages the liver much sugar or fructose likened
the effects of alcohol
9- Other diseases linked to metabolic syndrome include: Type 2
diabetes, Heart disease, Hypertension, Polycystic ovarian syndrome, Lipid
problems, Dementia and Alzheimer's disease
40. Harmful Effects of too much Protein
Paleo diet
The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) -
Discoveries that have been made over the last decade
phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-related kinase family of protein kinases.
signaling pathway integrates both intracellular and extracellular
signals
The mTOR pathway serves as a central regulator of cell
metabolism, growth, proliferation and survival.
The mTOR pathway is activated during:
1- Tumor formation, angiogenesis, insulin resistance, adipogenesis
and T-lymphocyte activation etc
2- Deregulated in diseases as cancer and type 2 diabetes.
Nutrients and Exercise modify mTOR function
Growing therapeutic use of mTOR inhibitors (rapamycin and
rapalogues) in solid tumors, organ transplantation, coronary
restenosis and rheumatoid arthritis.
The figure highlight and summarize the current
understanding of how mTOR nucleates distinct
multi-protein complexes, how intra- and
extracellular signals are processed by the
mTOR complexes, and how such signals affect
cell metabolism, growth, proliferation and
survival.
41. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha (HIF-1) is
regulated by the mammalian target of
rapamycin (mTOR) via an mTOR signaling
motif.
J Biol Chem. 2007 Jul 13;282(28):20534-43. Epub 2007 May 14.
Land SC1, Tee AR.
1Institute of Medical Genetics, Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff
University, Heath Park, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom.
Abstract
Abstract
Tumors that form as a result of heightened mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling are highly vascularized. This
process of angiogenesis is regulated through hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-mediated transcription of angiogenic factors. It is
recognized that inhibition of mTOR with rapamycin can diminish the process of angiogenesis. Our work shows that activation of
mTOR by Ras homologue enriched in brain (Rheb) overexpression potently enhances the activity of HIF1alpha and vascular
endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A secretion during hypoxia, which is reversed with rapamycin. Mutants of Rheb, which do not
bind guanine nucleotide (D60K, D60V, N119I, and D122N) and are unable to activate mTOR, inhibit the activity of HIF when
overexpressed. We show that regulatory associated protein of mTOR (Raptor) interacts with HIF1alpha and requires an mTOR
signaling (TOS) motif located in the N terminus of HIF1alpha. Furthermore, a mutant of HIF1alpha lacking this TOS motif
dominantly impaired HIF activity during hypoxia and was unable to bind to the co-activator CBP/p300. Rapamycin treatments
do not affect the stability of HIF1alpha and modulate HIF activity via a Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL)-independent mechanism. We
demonstrate that the high levels of HIF activity in cells devoid of TSC2 can be reversed by treatments with rapamycin or the
readdition of TSC2. Our work explains why human cancers with aberrant mTOR signaling are prone to angiogenesis and
suggests that inhibition of mTOR with rapamycin might be a suitable therapeutic strategy.
43. World Health Organization MONICA
study
(MONICA : multinational MONITORING
trends and determinants in
CADIOVASCULAR disease)
14 European countries
+ urban Australian Aborigines
10 years
7 million people
40 studies collected
The ten year data collection was
completed in the late 1990s,
A diet low in saturated fat 'will not prevent
heart disease or prolong life'
"The Great Cholesterol Myth". Dr. Malcolm Kendrick
MD . July 2011.
As any person (no medical experience needed) with eyes can
see, the Aborigines had the lowest cholesterol and the highest
death rate from heart disease.
44. 44
The typical atherosclerotic plaque comprises of the lipid
core and the fibrous cap, and is the most commonly
classified histologically by the American Heart Association
Atherosclerotic plaque
Causes:
1- Endothelial damage & permeability
2- Small dense particles LDL type B
3- Smooth muscle cells migration and proliferation
4- Monocyte adhesion, migration and foam cell
development.
Caused by:
1- State of chronic inflammation
->> Oxidative stress
2- Hyperglycemia
->> Lipoprotein Oxidation & Glycation
3- Hyper insulinemia – Hyper leptinemia
-> increased triglycerides VLDL
-> Cholesterol (small dense LDL type B particles)
Treat the cause is the logical thinking:
1- Anti-inflammatory lifestyle
2- Control Hyperglycemia-
3- Control Insulin - Leptin resistance
Hyper insulinemia – Hyper leptinemia
(Diet too high in sugars & Obesity)
45. Figure 1: Oxidative stress affects four fundamental mechanisms that contribute to atherogenesis (i)
oxidation of LDL to form ox –LDL (ii) endothelial cell dysfunction (increased release of MCP-1, MMPs,
increased expression of VCAM-1, ICAM-1 and LOX-1, decreased activity of NO, platelet aggregation) (iii)
vascular smooth muscle cells migration and proliferation (iv) monocyte adhesion and migration and
foam cell development. [15]
46. In Summary, Saturated Fats Are
Healthy
•Increase your LDL levels, but they increase the large fluffy
particles that are not associated with an increased risk of
heart disease
•Increase your HDL levels. This more than compensates
for any increase in LDL
•Do NOT cause heart disease as made clear in all the
above-referenced studies
•Do not damage as easily as other fats because they do not
have any double bonds that can be damaged through
oxidation
•Serve to fuel mitochondria and produce far less damaging
free radicals than carbs
Could Eating the Right Fats Save 1 Million Lives per Year?
D. Mercola - March 06, 2016
47. In many epileptic patients, anticonvulsant drugs either fail adequately to control
seizures or they cause serious side effects.
An important adjunct to pharmacologic therapy is the ketogenic diet, which often
improves seizure control, even in patients who respond poorly to medications.
The mechanisms that explain the therapeutic effect are incompletely understood.
Evidence points to an effect on brain handling of amino acids, especially glutamic
acid, the major excitatory neurotransmitter of the central nervous system.
The diet may limit the availability of oxaloacetate to the aspartate aminotransferase
reaction, an important route of brain glutamate handling.
The ketogenic diet and brain metabolism of amino acids: relationship to
the anticonvulsant effect.
Yudkoff M1, Daikhin Y, Melø TM, Nissim I, Sonnewald U, Nissim I.
Annu Rev Nutr. 2007;27:415-30.
As a result, more glutamate becomes accessible to the glutamate decarboxylase reaction to yield gamma-
aminobutyric acid (GABA), the major inhibitory neurotransmitter and an important antiseizure agent.
In addition, the ketogenic diet appears to favor the synthesis of glutamine, an essential precursor to GABA.
This occurs both because ketone body carbon is metabolized to glutamine and because in ketosis there
is increased consumption of acetate, which astrocytes in the brain quickly convert to glutamine.
The ketogenic diet also may facilitate mechanisms by which the brain exports to blood compounds such as
glutamine and alanine, in the process favoring the removal of glutamate carbon and nitrogen.
52. Mitochondrial fission, fusion, and stress
PPARGC1A
PGC-1α )PPARGC1A): The master regulator of mitochondrial
biogenesis
is a protein encoded by the PPARGC1A gene. known as human accelerated region 20
(HAR20).
PGC-1α is a transcriptional co activator that regulates the genes involved in energy
metabolism. It is the master regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis.
plays a central role in the regulation of cellular energy metabolism.
It stimulates 1- mitochondrial biogenesis 2- promotes the remodeling of muscle tissue to a
fiber-type that is metabolically more oxidative and less glycolytic in nature.
It participates in the regulation of both carbohydrate & lipid metabolism.
It is involved in obesity, diabetes, & cardiomyopathy.
PGC-1α activating host factors:
1- Free Radicals
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS),
both formed intracellularly as by-products of metabolism but upregulated during
times of cellular stress.
2- Cold Exposure
adaptive thermogenesis
3- Endurance Exercise
PGC-1α determines lactate metabolism, preventing high lactate levels in
endurance athletes & making lactate as an energy source
54. Dr. Ron Rosedale : Defective metabolic processes in mitochondria, not the genetic make up That cause
cancer and nearly all other chronic diseases, including accelerated aging
What causes Mitochondrial dysfunction?
The causes of Defective metabolic processes in mitochondria ?
1- The Harmful Effects of too much Sugar
A- Diet (HCLF)
Insulin and leptin receptor resistance
Free radicals (ROS) 90% in Mitochondria
B- Stress.
Adrenaline – hypothalamus ->> sugar
C- Obesity
Leptin resistance - hypothalamus ->> sugar
2- The Harmful Effects of too much Protein
Activation of the mTOR metabolic signaling pathway
3- Lack of exercise and Physical activity
Inhibition of PGC-1α (PPARGC1A)
4- Pollutants
free radicals – oxidative stress
5- Drugs
causing mitochondrial toxicity (iatrogenic)
55. 1- Ketogenic diet (KD)
Mitochondrial Metabolic Therapy (MMT)
low carb High fat Diet Regime (LCHF)
Mitochondrial Metabolic Therapy (MMT) 2017 is Similar to a
ketogenic diet (epilepsy 30-50%)
MMT is a high fat, moderate protein, low carb eating
plan
Unlike a ketogenic diet, it emphasizes on high-quality,
(unprocessed whole foods )
Unlike Paleo diet it does not consume far too much protein
(moderate protien)
Mitochondrial Biogenesis
Salvage 1- The Harmful Effects of too much Sugar
56.
57. Mice with metastatic cancer lived 103% longer with a combination of the ketogenic diet (KD),
ketone supplements (KE) and hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT), compared to mice fed a
standard diet (SD), according to Dominic D’Agostino’s research.
1- KD – MMT – LCHF
can help our cells’ mitochondria reach the
“Goldilocks” zone for producing ROS — not too
much and not too little, but just the “right” amounts
for healthy cellular and mitochondrial function.
58. Cancer is a metabolic disease that can be
prevented and treated with the low-
carb, high-fat ketogenic diet,
according to a growing body of scientific
research.
Studies show the ketogenic diet may beat
chemotherapy for some forms of cancer
Because cancer is a metabolic – not a
genetic – disease
Travis Christofferson, author of Tripping Over the Truth:
The Metabolic Theory of Cancer.
Tripping over the Truth The Metabolic Theory of Cancer
by Travis Christofferson - 2014
59. 2- Intermittent fasting
Fat burning
More energy – less Reactive oxygen ROS.
Calorie restriction
Less ROS with fasting
Increase your antioxidants
Avoid eating several hours before going to sleep
Autophagy (Apoptosis)
Remove damaged mitochondria known as mitophagy
Triggering the Immune System for Cancer Patients
Reducing Cancer Recurrence and Mortality Rates
Interventional strategy
where in individuals are
subjected to varying periods of
fasting.
Mitochondrial Biogenesis
Salvage 1- The Harmful Effects of too much Sugar
Sources
•https://news.usc.edu/103972/fasting-like-diet-turns-the-immune-system-against-cancer/
•https://www.osher.ucsf.edu/patient-care/self-care-resources/cancer-and-nutrition/frequently-asked-questions/cancer-and-
fasting-calorie-restriction/
•https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3680567/
•https://health.clevelandclinic.org/2015/10/interested-fasting-health-get-facts-first/
61. Intermittent fasting and autophagy?
Autophagy—An Intracellular Recycling System”
Certain types of cellular stress, including nutrient deprivation,
protein aggregation or unfolding (clumps of protein) or
infections will activate autophagy to counteract these problems
and keep the cell in good working order.
Autophagy is one of the most evolutionarily conserved
pathways known to exist, and can be seen in almost all multi-
cellular organisms and many single celled organisms.
Autophagy refers to the body’s response to a lack of food
(fasting) which stimulates a degradation pathway of sub
cellular components.
62. The main regulator of autophagy is:
1- The mammalian target of rapamycin
(mTOR) kinase.
When mTOR goes up, it shuts down
autophagy.
mTOR is exquisitely sensitive to dietary
amino acids (protein).
2- The other main regulator is 5' AMP-
activated protein kinase (AMPK). This is a
sensor of intracellular energy (adenosine
triphosphate or ATP).
When AMPK is high (low fuel), this shuts
down fatty acid synthesis and activates
autophagy.
(Decreased mTOR or increased AMPK),
activate autophagy. then 20 or so genes
(ATG) are activated to carry out the
cleaning process.
63. •Improved mental clarity and concentration
•Weight and body fat loss
•Lowered blood insulin and sugar levels
•Reversal of type 2 diabetes
•Increased energy
•Improved fat burning
•Increased growth hormone
•Lowered blood cholesterol
•Prevention of Alzheimer’s disease (potential)
•Longer life (potential)
•Activation of cellular cleansing (potential) by stimulating autophagy (a
discovery that was awarded the 2016 Nobel Prize in medicine)
•Reduction of inflammation
Some of the purported physical benefits of
fasting include
64. Fasting offers many important unique advantages that are not available in
typical diets.
Where diets complicate life, fasting simplifies.
Where diets are expensive, fasting is free.
Where diets can take time, fasting saves time.
Where diets are limited, fasting is available anywhere.
Where diets have variable efficacy, fasting has unquestioned efficacy.
There is no more powerful method for lowering insulin and decreasing body
weight.
Advantages of intermittent fasting
65. Mitochondrial Biogenesis
Salvage 1- The Harmful Effects of too much Sugar
3- Why Does the Hypothalamus
Unnecessarily Force a Sugar Burning
Mode in Our Bodies?
-Overcoming too much stress.
-Reducing blood sugar.
- Overcoming Leptin Insensitivity. (Obesity)
66. Mitochondrial Biogenesis
Salvage 2- The Harmful Effects of too much Protein
Mitochondrial Metabolic Therapy (MMT) 2017
high fat, moderate (adequate) protein, low carb
eating plan
Unlike a ketogenic diet, it emphasizes on high-
quality, unprocessed whole foods
Unlike Paleo diet which allow consumption of far
too much protein
The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway is
Central regulator of cell metabolism, growth,
proliferation and survival.
What about glutamine amino acid (used by cancer & our
immune system)
67. Role of Regular Physical Exercise:
A- Burn of fat
(as MMT & Ketogenic diet)
B- Improve insulin sensitivity
(depleting glycogen & fat stores)
C- Peak rise of hormones
Human growth hormone(HGH-GH) – Endorphins , Dopamine, Norepinephrine,
Serotonin) - exercise intensity
D- Mitochondrial Biogenesis
PGC-1α activating host factors:
1- Free Radicals (Exercise)
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS),
2- Cold Exposure
adaptive thermogenesis
3- Endurance Exercise
PGC-1α determines lactate metabolism, preventing high lactate levels in
endurance athletes & making lactate as an energy source
Mitochondrial Biogenesis
Salvage 3- Lack of exercise and Physical activity
68. Mitochondrial Biogenesis
Salvage 3- Lack of exercise and Physical activity
1- Exercise is one of the most powerful signals for
PGC 1-alpha . The master regulator of mitochondrial
biogenesis
A protein encoded by PPARGC1A gene (Peroxisome proliferator-activated
receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α) )PGC 1-alpha:
PGC-1α is a transcriptional co activator that regulates the genes involved
in energy metabolism. Is the primary signal for Mitochondria to Reproduce and
Multiply, a process called Mitochondrial biogenesis
.
2- Exercise and Nutrients (less protein) modify
mTOR function
The mTOR pathway serves as a central regulator of cell metabolism, growth,
proliferation and survival.
activated during: Tumor formation, angiogenesis, insulin resistance,
adipogenesis and T-lymphocyte activation etc
PPARGC1A
69. Mitochondrial Biogenesis
Salvage 3- Lack of exercise and Physical activity
Exercise slashed the risk of cancer in 13 out
of the 26 cancers
for example
Kidney cancer by (23 %)
Lung cancer by (26 %)
Liver cancer by (27 %)
Esophageal adenocarcinoma by (42 %)
Large Study 2016 Underscores Value of Exercise for Cutting Cancer Risk
Journal of the American Medical Association Internal Medicine 2016; 176(6): 816-
825=
The research involved a mega-pool of
1.44 million men and women from a dozen
large European and U.S.
prospective cohort studies (groups of
participants who’d been followed for
several years).
Participant age, body mass index, gender,
self-reported data on exercise, smoking
status and, if applicable, any cancer
diagnoses, were analyzed to determine
the effect exercise had on various
cancers.
A total of 186,932 primary cancers were
diagnosed during the follow-up period,
which had a median length of 11 years.
Regardless of the person’s weight or
smoking history, the data suggested
physical activity cut their risk of cancer.
70. Mitochondrial Biogenesis
Salvage 4- Feeding Your Mitochondria
The following nutrients; co-factors needed for mitochondrial enzymes
to function properly:
•CoQ10 or ubiquinol (the reduced form)
•L-Carnitine, which shuttles fatty acids to the mitochondria
•D-ribose, which is raw material for ATP molecule
•Magnesium
•Omega-3 fatty acids
•All B vitamins, including riboflavin, thiamine, and B6
•Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) - Thiotacid
Get as many micronutrients as you can from whole foods
71.
72. Mitochondrial Biogenesis
Salvage 5- Avoid Environmental Toxins
Free radical create oxidative stress which
inhibits antioxidants from defending the body
from cancer.
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are a potent type
of free radical which can deplete vitamin C levels
and stimulate systemic inflammation.
As inflammation in the body increases, the
central nervous system has been shown to leak
signals to the brain and gastrointestinal tract.
This results in an autoimmune response from the body. Available antioxidant sources become
depleted as the immune system attempts to defend the body from an unknown threat.
Individuals with mitochondrial dysfunction have been found to have low levels of antioxidant
support including carnitine, glutathione, and thioredoxin.
Cancer is characterized by numerous factors which lead to depression, a weakened immune system,
and chronic oxidative stress. Mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with promoting every one of
these factors.
74. Improving Your Mitochondria Function to Reduce Cancer Risk
By Dr. David Jockers DC, MS, CSCS
Mitochondria are unique. Contain their own copy of DNA.
3% of mtDNA responsible for 90% of a cell’s energy in the form
of ATP . (90% of ROS by mitochondria).
What the function of 97% of mtDNA
Mitochondria Sustain Life’s Functions:
1- Mitochondria are not only energy generators but are key
organelles in supporting everyday metabolic processes such as:
2- Maintaining lipid levels
3- Provide the energy needed for blood circulation
4- Buffers ion concentrations required for physiological
communication
5- Supporting glucose and insulin transportation
6- Removing health hazards including damaged cells (apoptosis)
which can wreak destruction on health
The destruction or weakening of mitochondria can lead to severe health complications including: multiple sclerosis,
autism, bipolar disorder, chronic fatigue syndrome, type-2 diabetes, heart disease, and cancer.
75. Cancer is One of the Most Manageable Diseases Once we realize
that cancer is a metabolic disease
Dr Josef Mercola - 2016
We can take charge of those kinds of things , with Eating too many sugars
and carbs without fiber, along with too much protein,
we ignite a cascade of metabolic events that includes:
•Widespread inflammation and cellular damage, especially our
mitochondria, or cells’ power factories
•Faster aging and a greater risk of all cancers from the activation of body’s
most important signaling pathway mTOR from eating excess protein
•An increase in insulin resistance that can progress to prediabetes or Type
2 diabetes because cells have lost their ability to respond to insulin
effectively
•Overeating due to leptin resistance with loss of control over appetite and
knowing when you’re “full”
•An inability to lose weight because body is holding on to fat instead of
burning it for fuel
Mitochondrial Biogenesis
Summary
76. 1- Diet: High fat – adequate protein – cut off the sugar
Ketogenic diet (KD) - Mitochondrial Metabolic Therapy (MMT) –
low carb High fat Diet Regime (LCHF)
2- Intermittent fasting
Fat burner (less ROS) – low calorie intake - mitophagy
3- Avoid stress – sugar – obesity
Hypothalamus – sugar burning mode
4- Exercise and physical activity
Regular – endurance - PGC 1-alpha – ROS fission – mTOR like protein
5- Feeding Your Mitochondria
CoQ10 or ubiquinol (the reduced form) - L-Carnitine, which shuttles fatty acids to the
mitochondria - D-ribose, which is raw material for ATP molecule – Magnesium - Omega-3
fatty acids - All B vitamins, including riboflavin, thiamine, and B6 - Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA)
– Thiotacid.
Get as many micronutrients as you can from whole foods
6- Avoid Environmental Toxins
Oxidative stress
Mitochondrial Biogenesis
Summary
It is estimated that about 1.7 million new cases of cancer will be diagnosed in 2018. Prostate cancer is the most common cancer among males (19%), followed by lung (14%) and colorectal (9%) cancers. Among females, breast (30%), lung (13%), and colorectal (7%) cancers are the most common.
Rankings based on estimates should be interpreted with caution because they are model-based projections.
Similar to a ketogenic diet (epilepsy 30-50%)
MMT is a high fat, moderate protein, low carb eating plan
Unlike a ketogenic diet,
MMT emphasizes on high-quality, unprocessed whole foods
Similar to a ketogenic diet (epilepsy 30-50%)
MMT is a high fat, moderate protein, low carb eating plan
Unlike a ketogenic diet,
MMT emphasizes on high-quality, unprocessed whole foods
1- With exercise the body Burn fat as its primary fuel, as with using a ketogenic diet and MMT (Mitochondria metabolic therapy)
2- Exercise is one of the most powerful signals for PGC 1-alpha, which is the primary signal for mitochondria to reproduce and multiply, a process called Mitochondrial biogenesis
1- With exercise the body Burn fat as its primary fuel, as with using a ketogenic diet and MMT (Mitochondria metabolic therapy)
2- Exercise is one of the most powerful signals for PGC 1-alpha, which is the primary signal for mitochondria to reproduce and multiply, a process called Mitochondrial biogenesis
Similar to a ketogenic diet (epilepsy 30-50%)
MMT is a high fat, moderate protein, low carb eating plan
Unlike a ketogenic diet,
MMT emphasizes on high-quality, unprocessed whole foods