Emerging evidence indicates that impaired cellular energy metabolism is the defining characteristic of nearly all cancers regardless of cellular or tissue origin. In contrast to normal cells, which derive most of their usable energy from oxidative phosphorylation, most cancer cells become heavily dependent on substrate level phosphorylation to meet energy demands. Evidence is reviewed supporting a general hypothesis that genomic instability and essentially all hallmarks of cancer, including aerobic glycolysis (Warburg effect), can be linked to impaired mitochondrial function and energy metabolism. A view of cancer as primarily a metabolic disease will impact approaches to cancer management and prevention
Emerging evidence indicates that impaired cellular energy metabolism is the defining characteristic of nearly all cancers regardless of cellular or tissue origin. In contrast to normal cells, which derive most of their usable energy from oxidative phosphorylation, most cancer cells become heavily dependent on substrate level phosphorylation to meet energy demands. Evidence is reviewed supporting a general hypothesis that genomic instability and essentially all hallmarks of cancer, including anaerobic glycolysis (Warburg effect), can be linked to impaired mitochondrial function and energy metabolism. A view of cancer as primarily a metabolic disease and how Autophagy process is activated will impact approaches to cancer management and prevention
Use slideshow after downloading for better viewing. The slides cover altered metabolism in cancer with a focus on Warburg effect and drug targeting of metabolic pathways for cancer treatment.
Prepared in Oct 2014
Stacy Kennedy, MPH, RD/LDN, CSO, Senior Clinical Nutritionist at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute/Brigham & Women's Hospital, offers nutrition advice for ovarian cancer patients and survivors.
Emerging evidence indicates that impaired cellular energy metabolism is the defining characteristic of nearly all cancers regardless of cellular or tissue origin. In contrast to normal cells, which derive most of their usable energy from oxidative phosphorylation, most cancer cells become heavily dependent on substrate level phosphorylation to meet energy demands. Evidence is reviewed supporting a general hypothesis that genomic instability and essentially all hallmarks of cancer, including anaerobic glycolysis (Warburg effect), can be linked to impaired mitochondrial function and energy metabolism. A view of cancer as primarily a metabolic disease and how Autophagy process is activated will impact approaches to cancer management and prevention
Use slideshow after downloading for better viewing. The slides cover altered metabolism in cancer with a focus on Warburg effect and drug targeting of metabolic pathways for cancer treatment.
Prepared in Oct 2014
Stacy Kennedy, MPH, RD/LDN, CSO, Senior Clinical Nutritionist at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute/Brigham & Women's Hospital, offers nutrition advice for ovarian cancer patients and survivors.
Apoptosis is a process of programmed cell death that occurs in multicellular organisms. Biochemical events lead to characteristic cell changes (morphology) and death.
It describes the prevalence of Breast Cancer among BRCA 1/2 mutations with special consideration to biological background, detection and screening, actions taken upon discovering mutation carriers and whether we have a different therapeutic algorithm than sporadic cases. Special emphasis on the role of PARP inhibitors in the management of metastatic disease.
The Root cause and Culprit behind Chronic Diseases, Cancer and Aging is well recognized by many authorities now. 1- A state of chronic low grade inflammation. 2- Mitochondrial dysfunction.
Mitochondria Our body’s lifeline. Mitochondria are tiny organelles in our cell, thousands of them comprising 15 to 50% of the cell volume. Red blood cells and skin cells have very little to none, while germ cells have 100,000, but most cells have one to 2,000 of them. They're the primary source of energy for our body. They supply over 90% of our body’s energy. Converting the food we eat and the air we breathe into usable energy. It have enormous potential to influence our health, specifically cancer, and optimizing mitochondrial metabolism may be at the core of effective cancer treatment.
The Root cause and Culprit behind Chronic Diseases, Cancer and Aging is well recognized now by many authorities. It includes: 1- A state of chronic low grade inflammation. 2- Mitochondrial dysfunction.
In order for our organs to function properly, they require energy, and that energy is produced by the mitochondria (the power engine). Mitochondrial function is at the very heart of everything that occurs in our body. Mitochondria our body’s lifeline are tiny organelles in our cell, thousands of them comprising 15 to 50% of the cell volume. Red blood cells and skin cells have very little to none, while germ cells have 100,000, but most cells have one to 2,000 of them. They're the primary source of energy for our body. They supply over 90% of our body’s energy. Converting the food we eat and the air we breathe into usable energy. It have enormous potential to influence our health, specifically cancer. Optimizing mitochondrial function and preventing mitochondrial dysfunction is extremely important for health and disease prevention and may be at the core of effective cancer treatment. Important nutrients and co-factors for mitochondrial function include: all B vitamins, magnesium, omega-3 fat, CoQ10, acetyl L- carnitine, D-ribose, and alpha-lipoic acid. Exercise is also important for mitochondrial health and function
Apoptosis is a process of programmed cell death that occurs in multicellular organisms. Biochemical events lead to characteristic cell changes (morphology) and death.
It describes the prevalence of Breast Cancer among BRCA 1/2 mutations with special consideration to biological background, detection and screening, actions taken upon discovering mutation carriers and whether we have a different therapeutic algorithm than sporadic cases. Special emphasis on the role of PARP inhibitors in the management of metastatic disease.
The Root cause and Culprit behind Chronic Diseases, Cancer and Aging is well recognized by many authorities now. 1- A state of chronic low grade inflammation. 2- Mitochondrial dysfunction.
Mitochondria Our body’s lifeline. Mitochondria are tiny organelles in our cell, thousands of them comprising 15 to 50% of the cell volume. Red blood cells and skin cells have very little to none, while germ cells have 100,000, but most cells have one to 2,000 of them. They're the primary source of energy for our body. They supply over 90% of our body’s energy. Converting the food we eat and the air we breathe into usable energy. It have enormous potential to influence our health, specifically cancer, and optimizing mitochondrial metabolism may be at the core of effective cancer treatment.
The Root cause and Culprit behind Chronic Diseases, Cancer and Aging is well recognized now by many authorities. It includes: 1- A state of chronic low grade inflammation. 2- Mitochondrial dysfunction.
In order for our organs to function properly, they require energy, and that energy is produced by the mitochondria (the power engine). Mitochondrial function is at the very heart of everything that occurs in our body. Mitochondria our body’s lifeline are tiny organelles in our cell, thousands of them comprising 15 to 50% of the cell volume. Red blood cells and skin cells have very little to none, while germ cells have 100,000, but most cells have one to 2,000 of them. They're the primary source of energy for our body. They supply over 90% of our body’s energy. Converting the food we eat and the air we breathe into usable energy. It have enormous potential to influence our health, specifically cancer. Optimizing mitochondrial function and preventing mitochondrial dysfunction is extremely important for health and disease prevention and may be at the core of effective cancer treatment. Important nutrients and co-factors for mitochondrial function include: all B vitamins, magnesium, omega-3 fat, CoQ10, acetyl L- carnitine, D-ribose, and alpha-lipoic acid. Exercise is also important for mitochondrial health and function
The New Lifestyle diseases is a Puzzle searching for an answer. These diseases emerged as bigger killers than infectious or hereditary diseases. Our view should be global as our body is a one unit containing multiple systems and organs. What is true is that our life style have been changed. We are cornered and surrounded by different kinds of pollutants. The price of our non biological inflammatory life style is
1- A state of chronic low grade inflammation which plays a role in all major diseases including musculoskeletal manifestations
2- Mitochondrial dysfunction, which is root cause of chronic diseases including cancer, nearly all chronic diseases and accelerated aging
The big question is what causes Mitochondrial dysfunction?? The aim of this presentation is to find an answer to this question
Exercise is any bodily activity that enhances or maintain physical fitness and overall health, Exercise with its Countless Benefits is the logical salvage for a group of diseases related to inactivity . In view of the prevalence, global reach and health effect of these physical inactivity related diseases, the issue should be appropriately described as pandemic, with far-reaching health, economic, social and Environmental consequences.These diseases include, Obesity, Coronary artery disease, Diabetes, Hypertension, Cancer, Depression and anxiety, Arthritis, Osteoporosis, Etc, etc, etc… I think we have no option except doing regular exercises if we seriously searching for a salvage to escape the bad and serious consequences of these new life style diseases.
Emerging evidence indicates that impaired cellular energy metabolism is the defining characteristic of nearly all cancers regardless of cellular or tissue origin. In contrast to normal cells, which derive most of their usable energy from oxidative phosphorylation, most cancer cells become heavily dependent on substrate level phosphorylation to meet energy demands. Evidence is reviewed supporting a general hypothesis that genomic instability and essentially all hallmarks of cancer, including anaerobic glycolysis (Warburg effect), can be linked to impaired mitochondrial function and energy metabolism. A view of cancer as primarily a metabolic disease and how autophagy process is activated will impact approaches to cancer management and prevention.
Lastly the question is Why some people have no cancer ? the answer is it is the life style and the diet rich in Healthy fat, Antioxidants, Vitamin C, Salvestrols and many natural remedies.
The root cause of chronic diseases, cancer and aging was recently understood. It includes 1- A state of chronic low grade inflammation secondary to hyperglycemia and obesity leading to insulin - leptin resistance. 2- Mitochondrial dysfunction. Diet, Intermittent fasting or its alternative the Metabolic Bariatric Surgery and Exercise play a significant rule in the salvage of these problems. Exercise is any bodily activity that enhances or maintain physical fitness and overall health, Exercise with its Countless Benefits is the logical salvage for a group of diseases related to inactivity . In view of the prevalence, global reach and health effect of these physical inactivity related diseases, the issue should be appropriately described as pandemic, with far-reaching health, economic, social and Environmental consequences.These diseases include, Obesity, Coronary artery disease, Diabetes, Hypertension, Cancer, Depression and anxiety, Arthritis, Osteoporosis, Etc, etc, etc… I think we have no option except doing regular exercises if we seriously search for a salvage to escape the bad and serious consequences of these new life style diseases.
Musculoskeletal manifestations of diabetes mellitusfathi neana
The complications of diabetes mellitus are numerous and multisystemic including the musculoskeletal system. The long term metabolic consequences of diabetes mellitus stay behind Several rheumatic conditions. Higher levels of diabetic complications is due to poor glycemic control. The incidence and prevalence of diabetes mellitus is rising. About 50% of people with diabetes mellitus are unaware of their condition.
Approximately 25% of all patients with diabetes undergoing surgery are undiagnosed on admission to hospital. Patients with diabetes have a higher risk of cardiovascular insult and a higher perioperative risk. Surgeons and anaesthetists should be familiar with the risks of the diabetes, surgery and anesthesia.
In emergency situations or non-elective cases insulin, glucose and potassium infusions (blood glucose control + rehydration) before surgery
Prone to post operative complications, infection, wound care and bone healing.
Pharmacotherapy, diet, regular exercises and sensible physiotherapy programmes should be the cornerstone of diabetes management.
Musculoskletal manifestations of Obesityfathi neana
Systemic disorders and musculoskeletal manifestations are interrelated. With Diagnosed systemic disorders We expect musculoskeletal manifestations and the Musculoskeletal manifestations will guide us to the hidden systemic disorder. There is a Countless sources of information
Like Plain X-rays which can can tell a lot. Even the lifestyle and food selection can help in future expectations
Obesity is not only a problem of adipose tissue. It is the spark for other sequential systemic disorders including the musculoskeletal system.
The root cause of chronic diseases, cancer and aging is recently understood. It includes 1- A state of chronic low grade inflammation secondary to hyperglycemia and obesity leading to insulin resistance. 2- Mitochondrial dysfunction. Exercise play a significant rule in the salvage of these problems. Exercise is any bodily activity that enhances or maintain physical fitness and overall health, Exercise with its Countless Benefits is the logical salvage for a group of diseases related to inactivity . In view of the prevalence, global reach and health effect of these physical inactivity related diseases, the issue should be appropriately described as pandemic, with far-reaching health, economic, social and Environmental consequences.These diseases include, Obesity, Coronary artery disease, Diabetes, Hypertension, Cancer, Depression and anxiety, Arthritis, Osteoporosis, Etc, etc, etc… I think we have no option except doing regular exercises if we seriously searching for a salvage to escape the bad and serious consequences of these new life style diseases.
Towards Digitally Enabled Genomic Medicine: the Patient of The FutureLarry Smarr
12.02.22
Invited Speaker
Hacking Life
TTI/Vanguard Conference
Title: Towards Digitally Enabled Genomic Medicine: the Patient of The Future
San Jose, CA
Review by Louis B. Cady, MD (Cady Wellness Institute) of need for vitamin and mineral supplements, current evidence for loss of minerals and nutrients in soils. Reasonable strategies for identifying supplement needs. Understand how declining nutrients, inadequate intake of recommended servings of fruits and vegetables all contribute to chronic health conditions.
The powerpoint presentation delivered LIVE at CWI 4/15/2010 by Louis B. Cady, MD, Founder and CEO of Cady Wellness Institute, on the topic of Max GXL, glutathione augmentation, and vitamin supplementation.
More than 66% of U.S. adults are categorized as overweight or obese, and the prevalence of obesity is increasing rapidly in most of the industrialized world.
Children and adolescents also are becoming more obese, indicating that the current trends will accelerate over time.
Obesity is associated with an increased risk of multiple health problems, including hypertension, type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, obstructive sleep apnea, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, degenerative joint disease, and some malignancies.
Thus, it is important for physicians to identify, evaluate, and treat patients for obesity and associated comorbid conditions.
To Restore Your Gut Bacteria and Health rememder the saying of Messenger of Allah Muhammad pbuh ; "No man fills a container worse than his stomach. A few morsels that keep his back upright are sufficient for him. If he has to, then he should keep one-third for food, one-third for drink and one-third for his breathing.“ [At-Tirmidhi] . Also remember the saying of Hippocrates 460 BC - 370 BC : "Let thy food be thy medicine and thy medicine be thy food". And this saying by Moses Maimonides, the great 12th century physician : "No illness which can be treated by diet should be treated by any other means”.
Aging is the progressive accumulation of damage to an organism over time leading to disease and death. Aging research has been very intensive in the last years aiming at characterizing the Pathophysiology of aging and finding possibilities to fight age-related diseases. Various theories of aging have been proposed. In the last years advanced glycation end products (AGEs) have received particular attention in this context. AGEs are formed in high amounts in diabetes but also in the physiological organism during aging. Higher levels of diabetic complications are due to poor glycemic control. The incidence and prevalence of diabetes mellitus is rising. About 50% of people with diabetes mellitus are unaware of their condition. Pharmacotherapy and Therapeutic lifestyle change (Diet, Regular exercises, Sunshine, Vitamin D and Calcium normal levels) should be the cornerstone of diabetes management.
Epigenetics, the microbiome and the environmentfathi neana
An epigenome consists of a record of the chemical changes to the DNA and histone proteins of an organism. These changes can be passed down to an organism's offspring via transgenerational epigenetic inheritance. Epigenetics, Gut microbiome and the Environment interplay like a vicious triad.
1- The epigenome is highly sensitive to external environment
2- The epigenome is highly sensitive to internal environment (Microbiome)
3- The microbiome (internal environment) is affected by the external environment
Care of the microbiome seems to be a personal issue but as it is affected by the external environment the issue must be global and a worldwide campaign have to be started.
Covid -19 informations you have to knowfathi neana
With Corona worldwide pandemic the people who exposed to the virus show different reactions some did not catch the virus and among those who catch the virus most of them did not show any symptoms or mild unnoticeable symptoms but some of them show sever manifestations and are killed by this virulent virus. Luckily enough this last group are the minority. The question is not why some people is affected by the virus but th question should be why most of the people are not affected or even those who are affected can defeat the virus and escape its fatal outcome?. To answer this question we have to know some basic facts.
A vitamin is an organic molecule (or related set of molecules) that is anessential micronutrient which an organism needs in small quantities for the proper functioning of its metabolism. Essential nutrients cannot besynthesized in the organism, either at all or not in sufficient quantities, and therefore must be obtained through the diet.
Vitamins are classified as either water-soluble or fat-soluble. In humans there are 13 vitamins: 4 fat-soluble (A, D, E, and K) and 9 water-soluble (8 B vitamins and vitamin C). Water-soluble vitamins dissolve easily in water and, in general, are readily excreted from the body, to the degree that urinary output is a strong predictor of vitamin consumption. Because they are not as readily stored, more consistent intake is important. Fat-soluble vitamins are absorbed through the intestinal tractwith the help of lipids (fats). Vitamins A and D can accumulate in the body, which can result in dangerous hypervitaminosis. Fat-soluble vitamin deficiency due to malabsorption is of particular significance in cystic fibrosis.
Free radicals are electron missing atoms or molecules. It is very unstable and react quickly with other compounds, trying to capture the needed electron to gain stability.
Generally, free radicals attack the nearest stable molecule, "stealing" its electron.
When the "attacked" molecule loses its electron, it becomes a free radical itself, beginning a chain reaction like snowball.
Once the process is started, it can cascade, finally resulting in the disruption of a living cell. The rule of antioxidants is to give electrons to free radicals and neutralize its destructive effects especially on the DNA.
Intermittent fasting had a strong anti inflammatory effect beside the many other benefits. Intermittent fasting is an eating pattern and Interventional strategy where in individuals are subjected to varying periods of fasting. It doesn’t specify which foods you should eat but rather when you should eat them. Intermittent fasting (IF) is an eating pattern that cycles between periods of fasting and eating. It’s currently very popular in the health and fitness community. Recently attracted attention because:
1- Its Evidence-Based Health Benefits
2- Its potential for correcting metabolic Abnormalities
3- Better adherence than other methods
Free radicals are very unstable and react quickly with other compounds, trying to capture the needed electron to gain stability.
Generally, free radicals attack the nearest stable molecule, "stealing" its electron.
When the "attacked" molecule loses its electron, it becomes a free radical itself, beginning a chain reaction.
Once the process is started, it can cascade, finally resulting in the disruption of a living cell.
The drawbacks of climate change are so overt. The Disturbance of Great Ocean Conveyor currents led to the extreme changes in temperature around the globe in the form of a cooler northern, warmer tropical and cooler snowy winter, warmer summer. Many deaths from hypothermia were reported especially in refugee camps as it is not well equipped. Hypothermia is a medical emergency that occurs when the body loses heat faster than it can produce heat, causing a dangerously low body temperature. Normal body temperature is around 98.6 F (37 C). Hypothermia occurs as the body temperature falls below 95 F (35 C). When body temperature drops, heart, nervous system and other organs can't work normally. Left untreated, hypothermia can eventually lead to complete failure of heart and respiratory system and eventually to death.
Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO)fathi neana
Like all healthy ecosystems, Richness of microbiota species characterizes the GI microbiome in healthy individuals. Conversely, a loss in species diversity (Dysbiosis) is a common finding in several disease states. The types of Dysbiosis are: 1- Loss of beneficial bacteria. 2- Overgrowth of potentially pathogenic bacteria. 3- Loss of overall bacterial diversity. 4- Overgrown in an area they’re not supposed to be in like the small intestine (SIBO).
The overgrowth of microbes in the small intestine results in: 1- fermentation of food in the small intestine, producing hydrogen and other gases. 2- They can also degrade the thin mucus layer and come in contact with the gut barrier, causing inflammation and intestinal permeability (Leaky gut). 3- This can lead to a variety of unpleasant symptoms and consequences like food allergies , sensitivities and chronic inflammatory processes. 4- SIBO leads to both maldigestion and malabsorption as the bacteria interfere with normal enzymatic and metabolic activity of the small intestine. 5- Additionally, these bacteria are associated with increased serum endotoxin and bacterial compounds stimulating production of (pro)inflammatory cytokines. 6- Iron is typically absorbed in the duodenum and the jejunum and SIBO can interfere with this absorption resulting in microcytic anemia. 7- Vitamin B12 is absorbed in the ileum and patients with SIBO often have B12 malabsorbtion which leads to megaloblastic anemia and B12 deficiency.
The best treatment for SIBO, like other forms of bacterial imbalance – or DYSBIOSIS is rehabilitating our microbiome.”
Biological diversity, or biodiversity, is the scientific term for the variety and variability of life on Earth. Biodiversity is the key indicator of the health of an ecosystem. Every living thing, including man, is involved in these complex networks of interdependent relationships, which are called ecosystems.
Like all healthy ecosystems, Richness of microbiota species characterizes the GI microbiome in healthy individuals. Conversely, a loss in species diversity is a common finding in several disease states.Microbiota Biodiversity helps us : 1- Combat aggressions from other microorganisms, 2- Maintaining the wholeness of the intestinal mucosa. 3- Plays an important role in the immune system, 4- Performing a barrier effect.5- A healthy and balanced gut microbiota is key to ensuring proper digestive functioning. A gut out of balance means a body out of balance which means illness including Inflammation, Allergies, Infections, Nutrient deficiencies, Weight Gain, Asthma-allergies – Autoimmunity
• Arthritis, Metabolic Bone disease, Skin problems e.g. eczema, Rosacia, Mood disorders - Cognitive decline-Alzheimers and Cancer.
Biological diversity, or biodiversity, is the scientific term for the variety and variability of life on Earth. Biodiversity is the key indicator of the health of an ecosystem. Every living thing, including man, is involved in these complex networks of interdependent relationships, which are called ecosystems.
Like all healthy ecosystems, Richness of microbiota species characterizes the GI microbiome in healthy individuals. Conversely, a loss in species diversity is a common finding in several disease states. Microbiota Biodiversity helps us : 1- Combat aggressions from other microorganisms, 2- Maintaining the wholeness of the intestinal mucosa. 3- Plays an important role in the immune system, 4- Performing a barrier effect.5- A healthy and balanced gut microbiota is key to ensuring proper digestive functioning. A gut out of balance means a body out of balance which means illness including Inflammation, Allergies, Infections, Nutrient deficiencies, Weight Gain, Asthma-allergies – Autoimmunity
• Arthritis, Metabolic Bone disease, Skin problems e.g. eczema, rosacia, Mood disorders - Cognitive decline-Alzheimers and Cancer.
Microbiota, Vitamin D Receptor and Autoimmuityfathi neana
1. Vitamins are substances which usually cannot be made by the body itself.
2. The body synthesizes vitamin D from 7-dehydro-cholesterol. Vitamin D is not a vitamin, it is a Gene-Transcriptional-Activator, a paracrine steroid hormone. It is the primary ligand which activate VDR
3. Deactivated VDR causes down regulation of the innate immunity. The burden on adaptive immunity increases creating a state of chronic inflammation with possible maladaptation and autoimmunity
4. What causes VDR deactivation is mostly a state of chronic inflammation caused by the pathogens associated with dysbiosis or leaky gut
5. VDR deactivation lead to Increased 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin-D (calcitriol) as there is no consumption and no breakdown
6. Sunshine, dietry and Ingested Vitamin D are preparing the precursors of 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin-D (calcitriol)in the presence of good liver and kidney function
7. 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin-D (calcitriol) is the active form which act as the primary ligand for VDR
8. Olmesartan, a VDR agonist, restores innate immune activity, allows (slow) recovery from advanced disease.
9. Treatment on the long term should be directed to reactivation of VDR by the Natural Ways that Increase Calcitrol and Vitamin D Receptor Gene Expression
10. restoring a balanced Microbiota and overcoming the leaky gut play a major rule in VDR reactivation
Successful management of Polytrauma must achieve the following goals, 1- Keep someone alive that would be dead without you 2- Prioritize treatment to prevent killing someone 3- Treat extremity injuries to return the patient to a functional life. The Priorities are 1- Life threatening, 2- Limb threatening, 3- Function threatening. The question about the best strategy in the management Polytrauma and the choice between an Early Total Care (ETC) vs. Damage Control Orthopedics (DCO) will be answered in this presentation.
Microbiota, vitamin D receptor VDR and autoimmuityfathi neana
The big question is what is behind sickness during our life ?. How the pathogens can prevail and what happen to our immune system and microbiota. How the pathogens in a clever way shut down the innate immunity causing persistent chronic illness, chronic inflammation, maladaptive autoimmunity and other chronic diseases. What is the rule of vitamin D and its receptor VDR . What about the current debate regarding the best choice for managing vitamin D deficient function. Hope we can find the answer in this presentation.
DIC is not a disease entity but an event that can accompany various disease processes. It is an “Acquired” Pathological process. Widespread activation of the clotting cascade lead to formation of blood clots in small blood vessels throughout the body causing a compromise of tissue blood flow leading to multiple organ damage MOD. The coagulation process consumes clotting factors and platelets,normal clotting is disrupted and severe bleeding can occur from various sites. Patients with DIC should be treated at hospitals with appropriate critical care units (ICU) with available Subspecialty expertise, such as hematology, blood bank, or surgery. Patients who present to hospitals without those capabilities and who are stable enough for transfer should be referred expeditiously to a hospital that has those resources. Treatment of DIC includes the underlying disorder, supportive treatment and hemostatic Therapy.
Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) & pulmonary embolism (PE). Life-threatening complications following trauma. Incidence of 5 to 63%. Risk factors: Pelvic and lower extremity fractures,Head injury and Prolonged immobilization. DVT prophylaxis is essential in the management of trauma patients.
Sepsis is the systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) due to severe infection. Sepsis simply is a Race to death between the host immune system and the pathogens. Micro-organisms grow out of control => hyperinflammatory response, With this insidious pathology the body attacks itself (auto immunity) leading to life threatening risk of organ dysfunction, septic shock and death. Micro-organisms can invade the body through wounds, IV lines, catheters etc. Sepsis kills more than 210,000 people in the US /year. It kills about 1,400 people worldwide every day. Significant decrease in Mortality due to increased Recognition and early Treatment.
Fat Embolism Syndrome (FES) is a Syndrome characterized by: Hypoxia, Confusion and Petechiae. Presenting soon after long bone fracture and soft tissue injury. Diagnosed by exclusion of other causes 0f (Hypoxia & Confusion). It occurs in 0.9 – 8.5% of all fracture patients. Up to 35% of the multiply injured. Mortality 2.5 – 15 - 20%. Rare in upper limb injury and children.
Treatment includes prompt stabilization of long bone fractures and supportive measures which includes: 1- Oxygen Therapy to maintain PaO2. 2- Mechanical Ventilation. 3- Adequate Hydration.
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a Sudden failure of the respiratory system. It Can occur in anyone over the age of one who is critically ill. It is a Life- threatening because normal gas exchange does not take place due to severe fluid buildup in both lungs.
Prevention can be achieved by Limiting Blood Loss so decreasing transfusion requirements, Early Stabilization Of unstable Fractures and Early prophylactic mechanical Ventilation.
Established cases with ARDS is treated in the Intensive Care Unit By Mechanical ventilation and Oxygen therapy through a ventilator, Fluids through an IV line to improve blood flow and provide nutrition and medicine to prevent and treat infections and to relieve pain.
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
3. Cancer disease
is it a genetic or a metabolic
disease with metabolic solutions ?
Thomas N. Seyfried
4. New Lifestyle diseases
Non-communicable diseases (NCDs)
• Obesity
• Metabolic syndrome
• Coronary artery disease
• Diabetes type 2
• Hypertension
• Arteriosclerosis
• Stroke
• Cancer
• Depression - anxiety
• Arthritis
• Osteomalacia
• Osteoporosis
• Swimmer's ear – loss of hearing
• Ch. obstructive pulmonary disease
• Liver Cirrhosis
• Nephritis
• Etc, etc, etc…
Emerged as bigger killers than infectious or hereditary ones.
The leading cause of death worldwide.
63% of all annual deaths.
> 38 million people are killed /year.
1- Cardiovascular diseases (17.5 million)
Complications of hypertension (9.4 million)
2- Cancers (8.2 million) – (8.8 m 2015)
3- Respiratory diseases (4 million)
5- Diabetes (1.5 million)
These 4 diseases account for 80 % of all NCDs deaths (> 38 million)
4- USA’s 4th Leading Cause of Death – Pharma’s Drugs
Posted on June 25, 2012 by Child Health Safety
Causes:
• Stress-Depression
• Diet
• Sleep-awake
• Lack of Exercise
• Sun avoidance
• Wireless WiFi devices
• Leaky gut syndrome
• Other pollutants
Including Medicines
7. The Root cause and Culprit behind
Chronic Diseases, Cancer and Aging
1- A state of chronic low grade
inflammation
Dr. Richard K. Bernstein
Diabetes & Inflammation—the Vicious Cycle
(Hyperglycemia – Omega 6 - Obesity) - Leukotriene B(4) (LTB(4)
Lindsay Christensen
Lindsay Christensen is a health writer and researcher with her B.S. in
Biomedical Science and an Emphasis in Nutrition
(Pathogens, unhealthy diet, lack of exercise).
2- Mitochondrial dysfunction
(not the genetic make up)
Dr. Ron Rosedale
Breakthrough views on clinical metabolic biochemistry
1- Harmful Effects of too much Sugar
->> Insulin and leptin receptor resistance
->> Free radicals (ROS) 90% Mitochondria
2- Harmful Effects of too much Protein
->> Activation of the (mTOR) metabolic signaling pathway
3- Physical inactivity (lack of exercise) - (PGC-1α)
4- Pollutants - (free radicals –oxidative stress)
5- Drugs causing mitochondrial toxicity
(iatrogenic)
Mitochondrial dysfunction
Energy (ATP - ADP)
Leukotriene B(4) (LTB(4)
acts as a signal to relay
information from cell to
cell over long distances.
8. Dr Josef mercola:
I never learned anything about the root cause of chronic disease in med
school
Surprisingly, my seven years of medical school and family practice
residency never addressed the root cause of common chronic illness.
All I was taught was how to manage symptoms through the use of
pharmaceuticals and medical procedures.
Then, in 1995, my understanding of chronic disease took a quantum leap.
I was introduced to Dr. Ron Rosedale and his breakthrough views on
clinical metabolic biochemistry.
What I Learned in 1995 Forever Shaped My View on Cancer and
Chronic Disease
Cancer Is One of the Most Manageable Diseases “Once we
realize that cancer is a metabolic disease
The Root cause and Culprit behind Chronic Diseases, Cancer and Aging
Clinical metabolic biochemistry - breakthrough
10. In order for our organs to function properly, they
require energy, and that energy is produced by the
mitochondria (the power engine).
Since mitochondrial function is at the very heart of
everything that occurs in our body,
Optimizing mitochondrial function and preventing
mitochondrial dysfunction is extremely important for
health and disease prevention
Important nutrients and co-factors for mitochondrial
function include:
all B vitamins, magnesium, omega-3 fat, CoQ10,
acetyl L- carnitine, D-ribose, and alpha-lipoic acid.
Exercise is also important for mitochondrial health
and function
The Mitochondria
11. 1- Mitochondria are tiny organelles in our cell
- Thousands comprising 15 to 50% of the cell volume
-Red blood cells and skin cells have very little to none
- Germ cells have 100,000
- Most cells have one to 2,000 of them
2- It is our body’s lifeline. It is a Power plant
3- They're the primary source of energy for our body. They
supply over 90% of our body’s energy
4- Converting the food we eat and the air we breathe into
usable energy
The Mitochondria
How Your Mitochondria Influence Your Health
January 24, 2016
5- It have enormous potential to influence our health, specifically cancer, and optimizing
mitochondrial metabolism may be at the core of effective cancer treatment
12. Acetic acid acetyl group, derived from acetic
acid, is fundamental to the biochemistry of
virtually all forms of life. When bound to
coenzyme A it forms acetyl-CoA
The citric acid cycle is a key metabolic pathway that unifies carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism.
The reactions of the cycle are carried out by 8 enzymes that completely oxidize acetate, in the form
of acetyl-CoA
ِباَنأعَ أاْلَو ِلي ِخَّنال ِتاَرَمَث نِمَوُهأنِم َونُذ ِخَّتَت
اًَركَسََٰذ يِف َّنِإ ۗ اًنَسَح اًقأز ِرَوأعَي ٍم أوَقِِّل ًةَي َل َكِلَونُلِق
(67)النحل سورة
وسلم عليه هللا صلى قال:(َخال ُمداِاإل َمأعِنُّل)
مسلم رواه(2051)
الكحو ل ّتحو توضح التالية الكيميائية المعادلةإلى ل
األكسجين غاز مع بالتفاعل ّلخ:
CH3CH2OH + 2 O2 --- >
2 CH3COOH + 2 H2O
Alcohol + Oxygen ---->
Acetic Acid + Water
كحول+أوكسجين----->حمضالخل+ماء
Mitochondria
CoA
How the human life is maintained
13. AIR
O2
FUEL
Carb-Protein-Fat
How the human life is maintained
WATER
﴾ٍِّيَح ٍءأيَش َّلُك ِاءَمألا َنِم اَنألَعَجَ﴿و[اْلن سورةالية بياء:30]
And We have made from water every living thing.
ENERGY
Cell survival
Waste (ROS)
Free radicals
Cell apoptosis
Control system: (Signaling pathway - Feed back) - Nervous
(hypothalamus) – Hormonal – Enzymatic
Aged cells
Cancer cells
Mitochondria
14. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)
Possess multiple functions in cellular biology,
involving cell death, proliferation, and differentiation.
Moderate Amount of (ROS)
Regulates cell death (Apoptosis) , proliferation, and
differentiation.
(Apoptosis) of aged cells, cancer cells, damaged
cells
Too much (ROS)
Harm the mitochondria DNA itself
Mitochondrial dysfunction
We adjust the dose of medicines to kill the
pathogens not to harm the host
The free radicals - Reactive Oxygen Species
(ROS)
15. Mitochondrial dysfunction
The common factor in Chronic Diseases, Cancer and Aging
Oxidative cell stress
Metabolic (ROS) Environmental,
Drugs, Chemicals, virus, Radiation,
Infection, Starvation, etc..
nDNA & mtDNA abnormality
(Damage or Mutation)
Degenerative Diseases
Pulmonary fibrosis - Neuronal
degeneration - Heart failure -
Kidney failure
Metabolic dysfunction
Obesity - Diabetes
Cancer
Warburg effectAging & Apoptosis
Abnormal inflammation & Immunity
Mitochondrial
dysfunction
(Less Bioenergetic
metabolism)
mtDNA
Damage
Mutation
18. Cell commits suicide by apoptosis. Cellular homicide is necrosis
Apoptosis (from Ancient Greek word “falling off”)
is a process of programmed cell death that occurs in
multicellular organisms.
Biochemical events lead to characteristic cell changes
(morphology) and death.
Programmed cell death
(APOPTOSIS)
Dr. Anurag Jain
Pathological causes :
1) Cell death produced by a variety of mild injurious stimuli like
– heat, radiation, cytotoxic cancer drugs, infection, etc.
that cause irreparable DNA damage that in turn triggers cell suicide pathways.
2) Cell injury in certain viral diseases such as viral hepatitis.
3) Cell death in tumors.
Physiologic causes:
1) The programmed destruction of cell during embryogenesis. It is programmed
because it is death of specific cell types at defined times during development.
2) Hormone-dependent physiologic involution, such as involution of the
endometrium during the menstrual cycle.
3) Cell deletion in proliferating cell population, such as intestinal crypt epithelium
4) Death of cells that have served there useful purpose, such as neutrophils in
an acute inflammatory respone.
5) Elimination of potentially harmful self reactive lymphocytes.
19. Mitochondrial Fuel
Which Fuel You Burn In Your Mitochondria for Energy Determines How Long Your Mitochondria Last
and That Determines How Long You Live!
Just As Gasoline Engines Run Best With Gasoline and Not
Diesel or Aviation Fuel, So Too,
Our Mitochondrial Cellular Engines Run Best
With Fat As Fuel, Instead of Sugar!
According to Dr. Ron Rosedale - “If I were to summarize in a single sentence what practice
would best promote health, it would be this”:
“Health and life span are determined by the proportion of fat
versus sugar people burn throughout their lifetime
The more fat that one burns as fuel, the healthier a person will be,
and the more likely he or she will live a long time;
The more sugar a person burns, the more disease ridden and the
shorter a life span a person is likely to have.”
(The above sentence is perhaps the most IMPORTANT statement you will ever read in regard
to health and longevity).
The mitochondria can only burn fat or sugar for
energy.
Which fuel is burned in the mitochondria for energy
determines how long the mitochondria stay in good shape.
20. Creating energy, by burning fuel in the mitochondria, is necessary, but it is destructive to our
bodies, just like burning gasoline or diesel is necessary, but destructive to the engine of the
automobile.
•Burning fat in the mitochondria produces more energy than does burning sugar.
•Fewer free radicals are released when burning fat than when burning sugar
•However, burning sugar is very fast compared to burning fat, and so, sugar burning is very
USEFUL DURING TIMES OF EMERGENCY.
You could almost say that our cells were designed to burn sugar only temporarily in times of
great exigency, when the damage from free radicals is not as important as dealing with the
emergency
If our bodies had been designed to primarily burn sugar as a fuel, then we would store sugar
cubes within our bodies, but we don’t, we store fat. We store only minor amounts of sugar
(in the form of glycogen) — enough to last for 30 to 60 minutes of emergency exertion.
Main Mitochondrial Fuel Concept
Fat is the Best Fuel
21. The Hypothalamus Sends Signals to the Body
Instructing Fat Burning or Sugar Burning.
In Many People the Hypothalamus is
Erroneously Sending the ‘Burn Sugar Signal’
The hypothalamus is a gland in the brain that dictates to
the entire body which fuel the cells of the body are to use:
fat or sugar.
The hypothalamus decides which mode to put the body in
based on the amount of leptin it can measure in the body.
A great number of people’s bodies are being “forced,
unnecessarily” to burn sugar instead of fat because that
tiny hypothalamus gland believes the body is starving,
and, therefore, sends a signal to the cells of the body that
sugar should be burned instead of fat (in order to conserve
fat).
This is unnecessarily causing the mitochondria
to “deteriorate faster”.
Why Does the Hypothalamus Unnecessarily Force
a Sugar Burning Mode in Our Bodies?
One of the most important functions of the
hypothalamus is to link the nervous system to
the endocrine system via the pituitary gland.
Thehypothalamus is located below the
thalamus and is part of the limbic system. In
the terminology of neuroanatomy, it forms the
ventral part of the diencephalon.
22. •Too much stored fat (Obesity).
Too much stored fat produces large amounts of circulating leptin which desensitizes the hypothalamus’s ability
to detect leptin (Leptin resistance). When leptin levels are not able to be detected, because the receptors in the
hypothalamus have been desensitized, the hypothalamus believes the body is starving and instructs sugar
burning in order to conserve and build up fat stores. This is ironic because essential the body’s pantries are full
of fat, but these pantries are inaccessible and so the cells are instructed to ignore fat and look for sugar to burn
for energy ( Craving).
There are only three reasons for the body
to be in sugar burning mode:
•Too much stress.
Stress creates the adrenal gland to relase
adrenaline. Adrenaline overrides the
hypothalamus signal and instructs sugar
burning.
•Too much blood sugar.
Blood sugar (over time) damages receptors in the
hypothalamus. When these receptors are damaged
then the hypothalamus cannot correctly sense
leptin... and believe there is no fat (i.e. starvation is
occurring).
Why Does the Hypothalamus Unnecessarily Force
a Sugar Burning Mode in Our Bodies?
23.
24. Mitochondrial fission, fusion, and stress
Youle RJ1, van der Bliek AM.
Mitochondrial fission and fusion:
play critical roles in maintaining functional
mitochondria when cells experience metabolic or
environmental stresses.
Fusion:
helps mitigate stress by mixing the contents of partially
damaged mitochondria as a form of
complementation.
Fission:
is needed to create new mitochondria, but it also
contributes to quality control by enabling the removal
of damaged mitochondria and can facilitate
apoptosis during high levels of cellular stress.
Disruptions in these processes affect normal development, and they have been
implicated in neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson's
25. Mitochondrial fission, fusion, and stress
PPARGC1A
PGC-1α )PPARGC1A):
is a protein encoded by the PPARGC1A gene. known as human accelerated
region 20 (HAR20).
PGC-1α is a transcriptional co activator that regulates the genes involved
in energy metabolism. It is the master regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis.
plays a central role in the regulation of cellular energy metabolism.
It stimulates 1- mitochondrial biogenesis 2- promotes the remodeling of
muscle tissue to a fiber-type that is metabolically more oxidative and less
glycolytic in nature.
It participates in the regulation of both carbohydrate & lipid metabolism.
It is involved in obesity, diabetes, & cardiomyopathy.
PGC-1α activating host factors:
1- Free Radicals
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS),
both formed intracellularly as by-products of metabolism but upregulated during
times of cellular stress.
2- Cold Exposure
adaptive thermogenesis
3- Endurance Exercise
PGC-1α determines lactate metabolism, preventing high lactate levels in
endurance athletes & making lactate as an energy source
27. Improving Your Mitochondria Function to Reduce Cancer Risk
By Dr. David Jockers DC, MS, CSCS
Mitochondria are unique because they contain their own copy
of DNA. The 3% of DNA responsible for producing cellular
energy generates 90% of a cell’s energy in the form of ATP
Mitochondria Sustain Life’s Functions:
1- Mitochondria are not only energy generators but are key
organelles in supporting everyday metabolic processes such
as:
2- Maintaining lipid levels
3- Provide the energy needed for blood circulation
4- Buffers ion concentrations required for physiological
communication
5- Supporting glucose and insulin transportation
6- Removing health hazards including damaged cells which
can wreak destruction on health
The destruction or weakening of mitochondria can lead to severe health
complications including: multiple sclerosis, autism, bipolar disorder, chronic fatigue
syndrome, type-2 diabetes, heart disease, and cancer.
28. Cancer as a Metabolic Disease: On the Origin,
Management, and Prevention of Cancer
by Thomas N. Seyfried
The book addresses controversies related to the origins of cancer
and provides solutions to cancer management and prevention.
It expands upon Otto Warburg's well-known theory that all cancer is
a disease of energy metabolism.
However, Warburg did not link his theory to the "hallmarks of
cancer" and thus his theory was discredited.
This book aims to provide evidence, through case studies,
that cancer is primarily a metabolic disease requiring
metabolic solutions for its management and prevention.
Support for this position is derived from critical assessment of
current cancer theories. Brain cancer case studies are presented as a
proof of principle for metabolic solutions to disease management,
but similarities are drawn to other types of cancer, including breast
and colon, due to the same cellular mutations that they
demonstrate.
Cancer is a Metabolic Disease with metabolic solutions
Mitochondrial dysfunction is the culprit
29. Cancer as a Metabolic Disease: On the Origin,
Management, and Prevention of Cancer
by Thomas N. Seyfried
Cancer is a Metabolic Disease with metabolic
solutions
Is Cancer a genetic disease?
Why it is not transferred through the nuclear DNA (genome)?
30. Is Cancer a genetic disease?
Why it is not transferred through the nuclear DNA (nGenome)?
Why mitochondrial DNA (mtGenome) promote or inhibit metastasis ?
Mitochondrial DNA Plays a Role in Metastasis
Experiments in mice show that mitochondria, both
within the tumor and beyond, can make the
difference between promoting or inhibiting cancer
spread.
Apr 18, 2018
KERRY GRENS
Mitochondrial genome was tied to the speed of
cancer growth and metastasis
2017 report in Cancer Research by Welch’s group
Danny Welch, a cancer biologist at the University of
Kansas Medical Center
31.
32. Dr. Otto Warburg was a physician with a
Ph.D. in chemistry and was close friends
with Albert Einstein.
Most experts recognize Warburg as the
greatest biochemist of the 20th century.
He received a Nobel Prize in 1931
for his discovery that cancer cells use
glucose as a source of energy production
(anaerobic Glycolysis)
This is called the "Warburg Effect"
Sadly, to this day it is essentially ignored
by nearly every expert.
33. Some Features of Warburg Effect
Rule of hypoxia, mitochondrial dysfunction and sugar
Glucose uptake and glycolysis
proceed about ten times faster in most solid tumours than in non-
cancerous tissues.
Smaller numbers of mitochondria & mitochondrial
dysfunction in tumour cells
thus resulting in less ATP generation and higher consumption of
Energy (ATP).
Hypoxia of Tumour cells
(limited oxygen supply), because they initially lack an extensive
capillary network to supply the tumour with oxygen.
HIF-1 (Hypoxia-Inducible Factor -1)
is a protein that stimulates the activity of eight glycolytic enzymes
and it gives tumour cell capacity to survive Anaerobic conditions.
Glycolytic enzymes, overproduced by tumour cells
including an isozyme of Hexokinase-II and it results in committing
the cell to continued glycolysis.
34. Causes of Warburg Effect :
• Mitochondrial Defects:
mtDNA mutations lead to malfunction in respiration
and oxidative phosphorylation.
• Hypoxia :
Possible adaptation owing to lack of Oxygen
availability in the Environment.
• Oncogenic Signals :
Point Mutations in genes such as Ras family can
result in proliferation of cells and signal initiation.
• Altered Metabolic Enzymes:
Overproduction and mimicking of metabolic
enzymes such as Hexokinase-II result in
increased Glycolytic activity
Significance of Warburg Effect:
Scientists after extensive research came to the conclusion that most Tumour cells exhibit high glycolytic
uptake.
Taking cue from this mechanism, numerous Glycolytic Inhibitors have been developed. These
compounds are acting as potential anti- canceragents.
Alpha-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid is a glycolytic inhibitor that has been successfully used in Brain
Cancer.
Recently, a molecule named Di Chloro Acetic or DCA acid was devised by University of Alberta, claiming
that it’s introduction would result in normal functioning of Mitochondria. The testing of this
compound’s claims are
underway.
35. 4- ketogenic diet, forces cancer cells to use its mitochondria (cut off sugar) with a
burst of reactive oxygen species ROS.
ketogenic diet which radically improves mitochondrial health, could help most cancers,
especially if used in conjunction with glucose fermentation poisons like 3-bromopyruvate.
1- Serious mitochondrial dysfunction with decreased
numbers of functional mitochondria.
The mitochondria can still function in cancer cells
2- The metabolic switch:
Hypoxia in the presence of sugar cancer cells become
immediately dependent on glucose (Anaerobic glycolysis)
and not using their mitochondria (no reactive oxygen
species ROS any longer)
3- Forcing it to use its mitochondria (cut off sugar)
we get a burst of reactive oxygen species ROS that lead to
death, because that cancer cell is already primed for that
death. It's ready to die.
Mitochondria's Role in Cancer
The metabolic switch of Cancer cells
36. The metabolic switch of Cancer cells
Anaerobic Glycolysis
1- Mitochondrial dysfunction 2- Hypoxia 3- Sugar
Cancer cells
1-
2-
3-
37. Cut of this metabolic
switch
1- Mitochondrial
Biogenesis
2- Hyperbaric oxygen
3- Cut the Sugar off
The logical and sensible salvage
is to Cut off this metabolic switch
39. Dr. Ron Rosedale : Defective metabolic processes in mitochondria, not the genetic make up That cause
cancer and nearly all other chronic diseases, including accelerated aging
What causes Mitochondrial dysfunction?
The causes of Defective metabolic processes in mitochondria ?
1- The Harmful Effects of too much Sugar
A- Diet (HCLF)
Insulin and leptin receptor resistance
Free radicals (ROS) 90% in Mitochondria
B- Stress.
Adrenaline – hypothalamus ->> sugar
C- Obesity
Leptin resistance - hypothalamus ->> sugar
2- The Harmful Effects of too much Protein
Activation of the mTOR metabolic signaling pathway
3- Lack of exercise and Physical activity
Inhibition of PGC-1α (PPARGC1A)
4- Pollutants
free radicals – oxidative stress
5- Drugs
causing mitochondrial toxicity (iatrogenic)
41. Sugar is a “dirty” fuel, excessive free radicals caused by
reactive oxygen species (ROS).
Wile fat burns much cleaner. So by replacing carbs with
healthy fats,’ mitochondria are less likely to suffer damage
90 % or more of the total ROS (Reactive oxygen species)
are produced within the mitochondria, causing devastating
damage.
It was thought excessive ROS could be addressed by taking
antioxidants, but we now know that this was a flawed
strategy and it is far better to prevent their production by
eating an optimal fuel mixture.
LCHF - MMT - KD can help our cells’ mitochondria reach
the “Goldilocks” zone for producing ROS — not too much
and not too little, but just the “right” amounts for healthy
cellular and mitochondrial function.
Harmful Effects of too much Sugar
Chronic low grade inflammation - Mitochondrial dysfunction
42. Harmful Effects of too much Sugar
Chronic low grade inflammation - Mitochondrial dysfunction
1- State of chronic inflammation
2- Lipoprotein Oxidation & Glycation
3- Hyper insulinemia syndrome - Metabolic syndrome
-> Insulin resistance (type 2 DM)
-> increased triglycerides VLDL (Very-low-density lipoprotein)
-> Cholesterol (small dense LDL type B particles)
4- HFCS (High-fructose corn syrup) is found in almost all
types of processed foods and drinks (Sugar: toxic,
addicting, and deadly)
5- feeds” the cancer cells fructose is readily used by cancer
cells (not using mitochondria – no ROS to kill it)
6- Gaining weight (insulin and leptin signaling resistance)
7- Increases uric acid levels - risk for heart & kidney
8- Overloads and damages the liver much sugar or fructose
likened the effects of alcohol
9- Other diseases linked to metabolic syndrome include:
Type 2 diabetes, Heart disease, Hypertension, Polycystic
ovarian syndrome, Lipid problems, Dementia and
Alzheimer's disease
44. Harmful Effects of too much Protein
Paleo diet
Activation of the The mammalian Target Of Rapamycin (mTOR) metabolic
signaling pathway by too much protein
The figure highlight and summarize the current
understanding of how mTOR nucleates distinct multi-
protein complexes, how intra- and extracellular
signals are processed by the mTOR complexes, and
how such signals affect cell metabolism, growth,
proliferation and survival.
mTOR function in skeletal muscle a focal point for overnutrition and exercise . A. Rivas,a Sarah J. Lessard,b Vernon G. Coffeya
aExercise Metabolism Group, School of Medical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria 3083ailartsuA ,ز The. Research Division, Joslin Diabetes
Center and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215ASU ,.ز Corresponding author (email: vernon.coffey@rmit.edu.au) .
Published on the web 6 October 2009. . Received March 29,2009yaM detpeccA .26,2009.
45. Harmful Effects of too much Protein
Paleo diet
The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) -
Discoveries that have been made over the last
decade
phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-related kinase family of protein
kinases. signaling pathway integrates both intracellular and
extracellular signals
The mTOR pathway serves as a central regulator of
cell metabolism, growth, proliferation and survival.
The mTOR pathway is activated during:
1- Tumor formation, angiogenesis, insulin resistance,
adipogenesis and T-lymphocyte activation etc
2- Deregulated in diseases as cancer and type 2 diabetes.
Nutrients and Exercise modify mTOR function
Growing therapeutic use of mTOR inhibitors (rapamycin and
rapalogues) in solid tumors, organ transplantation, coronary
restenosis and rheumatoid arthritis.
The figure highlight and summarize the current
understanding of how mTOR nucleates distinct
multi-protein complexes, how intra- and
extracellular signals are processed by the
mTOR complexes, and how such signals affect
cell metabolism, growth, proliferation and
survival.
46. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha (HIF-1)
is regulated by the mammalian target of
rapamycin (mTOR) via an mTOR signaling
motif.
J Biol Chem. 2007 Jul 13;282(28):20534-43. Epub 2007 May 14.
Land SC1, Tee AR.
1Institute of Medical Genetics, Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff
University, Heath Park, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom.
Abstract
Abstract
Tumors that form as a result of heightened mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling are highly vascularized. This
process of angiogenesis is regulated through hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-mediated transcription of angiogenic factors. It is
recognized that inhibition of mTOR with rapamycin can diminish the process of angiogenesis. Our work shows that activation of
mTOR by Ras homologue enriched in brain (Rheb) overexpression potently enhances the activity of HIF1alpha and vascular
endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A secretion during hypoxia, which is reversed with rapamycin. Mutants of Rheb, which do not
bind guanine nucleotide (D60K, D60V, N119I, and D122N) and are unable to activate mTOR, inhibit the activity of HIF when
overexpressed. We show that regulatory associated protein of mTOR (Raptor) interacts with HIF1alpha and requires an mTOR
signaling (TOS) motif located in the N terminus of HIF1alpha. Furthermore, a mutant of HIF1alpha lacking this TOS motif
dominantly impaired HIF activity during hypoxia and was unable to bind to the co-activator CBP/p300. Rapamycin treatments do
not affect the stability of HIF1alpha and modulate HIF activity via a Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL)-independent mechanism. We
demonstrate that the high levels of HIF activity in cells devoid of TSC2 can be reversed by treatments with rapamycin or the
readdition of TSC2. Our work explains why human cancers with aberrant mTOR signaling are prone to angiogenesis and
suggests that inhibition of mTOR with rapamycin might be a suitable therapeutic strategy.
48. World Health Organization MONICA
study
(MONICA : multinational MONITORING
trends and determinants in
CADIOVASCULAR disease)
14 European countries
+ urban Australian Aborigines
10 years
7 million people
40 studies collected
The ten year data collection was
completed in the late 1990s,
A diet low in saturated fat 'will not prevent
heart disease or prolong life'
"The Great Cholesterol Myth". Dr. Malcolm Kendrick
MD . July 2011.
As any person (no medical experience needed) with eyes can
see, the Aborigines had the lowest cholesterol and the highest
death rate from heart disease.
49. 49
The typical atherosclerotic plaque comprises of the lipid
core and the fibrous cap, and is the most commonly
classified histologically by the American Heart Association
Atherosclerotic plaque
Causes:
1- Endothelial damage & permeability
2- Small dense particles LDL type B
3- Smooth muscle cells migration and proliferation
4- Monocyte adhesion, migration and foam cell
development.
Caused by:
1- State of chronic inflammation
->> Oxidative stress
2- Hyperglycemia
->> Lipoprotein Oxidation & Glycation
3- Hyper insulinemia – Hyper leptinemia
-> increased triglycerides VLDL
-> Cholesterol (small dense LDL type B particles)
Treat the cause is the logical thinking:
1- Anti-inflammatory lifestyle
2- Control Hyperglycemia-
3- Control Insulin - Leptin resistance
Hyper insulinemia – Hyper leptinemia
(Diet too high in sugars & Obesity)
50. Figure 1: Oxidative stress affects four fundamental mechanisms that contribute to
atherogenesis (i) oxidation of LDL to form ox –LDL (ii) endothelial cell dysfunction
(increased release of MCP-1, MMPs, increased expression of VCAM-1, ICAM-1 and LOX-1,
decreased activity of NO, platelet aggregation) (iii) vascular smooth muscle cells migration
and proliferation (iv) monocyte adhesion and migration and foam cell development. [15]
51. In Summary, Saturated Fats Are
Healthy
•Increase your LDL levels, but they increase the
large fluffy particles that are not associated with an
increased risk of heart disease
•Increase your HDL levels. This more than
compensates for any increase in LDL
•Do NOT cause heart disease as made clear in all
the above-referenced studies
•Do not damage as easily as other fats because they
do not have any double bonds that can be damaged
through oxidation
•Serve to fuel mitochondria and produce far less
damaging free radicals than carbs
Could Eating the Right Fats Save 1 Million Lives per Year?
D. Mercola - March 06, 2016
52. In many epileptic patients, anticonvulsant drugs either fail adequately to control
seizures or they cause serious side effects.
An important adjunct to pharmacologic therapy is the ketogenic diet, which often
improves seizure control, even in patients who respond poorly to medications.
The mechanisms that explain the therapeutic effect are incompletely understood.
Evidence points to an effect on brain handling of amino acids, especially glutamic
acid, the major excitatory neurotransmitter of the central nervous system.
The diet may limit the availability of oxaloacetate to the aspartate aminotransferase
reaction, an important route of brain glutamate handling.
The ketogenic diet and brain metabolism of amino acids: relationship to
the anticonvulsant effect.
Yudkoff M1, Daikhin Y, Melø TM, Nissim I, Sonnewald U, Nissim I.
Annu Rev Nutr. 2007;27:415-30.
As a result, more glutamate becomes accessible to the glutamate decarboxylase reaction to yield gamma-
aminobutyric acid (GABA), the major inhibitory neurotransmitter and an important antiseizure agent.
In addition, the ketogenic diet appears to favor the synthesis of glutamine, an essential precursor to GABA.
This occurs both because ketone body carbon is metabolized to glutamine and because in ketosis there
is increased consumption of acetate, which astrocytes in the brain quickly convert to glutamine.
The ketogenic diet also may facilitate mechanisms by which the brain exports to blood compounds such as
glutamine and alanine, in the process favoring the removal of glutamate carbon and nitrogen.
53. Alterations in the metabolism of excitatory amino acids
and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) during the high-fat, low-
carbohydrate ketogenic diet. Metabolism of acetyl-CoA
generated from fats leads to high consumption of
oxaloacetate (see Fig. 1). L-Aspartate, a nonessential
amino acid, is formed by the transamination of
oxaloacetate with an amino group from glutamate.
Reduced availability of oxaloacetate along with robust
availability of αketoglutarate from high activity of the first
part of the Krebs cycle leads to low aspartate levels. It
has been hypothesized that more glutamate is thus
accessible to glutamic acid decarboxylase for production
of GABA [33]. Not all Krebs cycle intermediates are
shown in the schematic.
The brain, energy is everything. The brain needs a crapload of
energy to keep all those membrane potentials maintained - to
keep pushing sodium out of the cells and pulling potassium into
the cells.
In fact, the brain, which is only 2% of our body weight, uses 20%
of our oxygen and 10% of our glucose stores just to keep
running.
(Some cells in our brain are actually too small (or have tendrils
that are too small) to accommodate mitochondria (the power
plants). In those places, we must use glucose itself (via
glycolysis) to create ATP.)
When we change the main fuel of the brain from glucose to
ketones, we change amino acid handling. And that means
we change the ratios of glutamate and GABA.
The best responders to a ketogenic diet for epilepsy end up with
the highest amount of GABA in the central nervous system.
glutamine, an essential precursor for GABA.
If you recall, GABA is the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the
mammalian nervous system. Turns out, GABA is made from
glutamate, which just happens to be the major excitatory
neurotransmitter. You need them both, but we seem to get into
trouble when have too much glutamate. Too much excitement in
the brain means neurotoxicity, the extreme manifestation of
which is seizures. But neurological diseases as varied
as depression, bipolar disorder, migraines, ALS, and dementia
have all been linked in some way to neurotoxicity.
54.
55.
56. Cancer is One of the Most Manageable Diseases
Once we realize that cancer is a metabolic disease
Dr Josef Mercola - 2016
We can take charge of those kinds of things , with Eating too many
sugars and carbs without fiber, along with too much protein, we
ignite a cascade of metabolic events that includes:
•Widespread inflammation and cellular damage, especially our
mitochondria, or cells’ power factories
•Faster aging and a greater risk of all cancers from the activation of
body’s most important signaling pathway mTOR from eating excess
protein
•An increase in insulin resistance that can progress to prediabetes or
Type 2 diabetes because cells have lost their ability to respond to insulin
effectively
•Overeating due to leptin resistance with loss of control over appetite
and knowing when you’re “full”
•An inability to lose weight because body is holding on to fat instead of
burning it for fuel
59. Mitochondrial fission, fusion, and stress
PPARGC1A
PGC-1α )PPARGC1A): the master regulator of mitochondrial
biogenesis
is a protein encoded by the PPARGC1A gene. known as human accelerated
region 20 (HAR20).
PGC-1α is a transcriptional co activator that regulates the genes involved
in energy metabolism. It is the master regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis.
plays a central role in the regulation of cellular energy metabolism.
It stimulates:
1- Mitochondrial biogenesis
2- Promotes the remodeling of muscle tissue to a fiber-type that is
metabolically more oxidative and less glycolytic in nature.
3- It participates in the regulation of both carbohydrate & lipid metabolism.
4- It is involved in obesity, diabetes, & cardiomyopathy.
PGC-1α activating host factors:
1- Free Radicals
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS),
both formed intracellularly as by-products of metabolism but upregulated during
times of cellular stress.
2- Cold Exposure
adaptive thermogenesis
3- Endurance Exercise
PGC-1α determines lactate metabolism, preventing high lactate levels in
endurance athletes & making lactate as an energy source
61. Dr. Ron Rosedale : Defective metabolic processes in mitochondria, not the genetic make up That cause
cancer and nearly all other chronic diseases, including accelerated aging
What causes Mitochondrial dysfunction?
The causes of Defective metabolic processes in mitochondria ?
1- The Harmful Effects of too much Sugar
A- Diet (HCLF)
Insulin and leptin receptor resistance
Free radicals (ROS) 90% in Mitochondria
B- Stress.
Adrenaline – hypothalamus ->> sugar
C- Obesity
Leptin resistance - hypothalamus ->> sugar
2- The Harmful Effects of too much Protein
Activation of the mTOR metabolic signaling pathway
3- Lack of exercise and Physical activity
Inhibition of PGC-1α (PPARGC1A)
4- Pollutants
free radicals – oxidative stress
5- Drugs
causing mitochondrial toxicity (iatrogenic)
62. 1- low carb High fat Diet Regime (LCHF) –
Mitochondrial Metabolic Therapy (MMT) 2017 -
Ketogenic diet (KD)
2- Mitochondrial Metabolic Therapy (MMT) 2017 is
Similar to a ketogenic diet (epilepsy 30-50%)
3-MMT is a high fat, moderate protein,
low carb eating plan
Unlike a ketogenic diet, it emphasizes on high-
quality, (unprocessed whole foods )
Unlike Paleo diet it does not consume far too
much protein (moderate protien)
Mitochondrial Biogenesis
Salvage 1- The Harmful Effects of too much Sugar
63. Mice with metastatic cancer lived 103% longer with a combination of the ketogenic diet (KD),
ketone supplements (KE) and hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT), compared to mice fed a
standard diet (SD), according to Dominic D’Agostino’s research.
LCHF - MMT - KD
can help our cells’ mitochondria reach the
“Goldilocks” zone for producing ROS — not too much
and not too little, but just the “right” amounts for
healthy cellular and mitochondrial function.
64. Cancer is a metabolic disease that can be
prevented and treated with the low-carb,
high-fat ketogenic diet, according to a
growing body of scientific research.
Studies show the ketogenic diet may beat
chemotherapy for some forms of cancer
Because cancer is a metabolic – not a
genetic – disease
Travis Christofferson, author of Tripping Over the Truth:
The Metabolic Theory of Cancer.
Tripping over the Truth The Metabolic Theory of Cancer
by Travis Christofferson - 2014
65. Intermittent fasting
Beside longevity and health issues, it also provide powerful cancer
prevention and treatment benefit.
And the mechanism for that is related to the effect fasting has on our
mitochondria.
Reactive oxygen ROS. Some free radicals are actually good and your
body requires them to regulate cellular function (fat burning),
but problems develop when you have excessive free radical production
(sugar burning) .
There are two possible solutions to this problem:
• Increase your antioxidants
• Reduce mitochondrial free radical production by (calorie
restriction) .
This is one of the reasons why intermittent fasting works, as it limits the
window that you are eating and automatically reduces your calories.
It is particularly effective if you avoid eating several hours before
going to sleep as that is your most metabolically lowered state.
Interventional strategy
where in individuals are
subjected to varying periods
of fasting.
Mitochondrial Biogenesis
Salvage 1- The Harmful Effects of too much Sugar
66. Mitochondrial Biogenesis
Salvage 1- The Harmful Effects of too much Sugar
Interventional strategy where in
individuals are subjected to varying
periods of fasting.
Fasting Promotes Healthy Mitochondrial Function, Our body has to rely
on lipids and stored fats for energy, which means our cells are forced
to use their mitochondria. mitochondria are the only mechanisms by which
our body can make energy from fat. So, fasting helps activate our
mitochondria.
Intermittent fasting, ketogenic diet and certain drugs can kill
cancer cells, by activating the mitochondria. It creates a burst of reactive
oxygen species ROS, the damage from which tips the scale and causes the
cancer cells to die.
Fasting clears away damaged cells through a process called autophagy, which basically
means when a cell that's damaged, it can die. But if it doesn't die, sometimes it becomes what's called
senescent and this happens a lot with aging. What that means is that the cell is not dead but it's not
really alive either. It's not doing its function.
It's just kind of sitting around in your body secreting pro-inflammatory molecules, things that are
damaging other nearby cells thereby accelerating the aging process because inflammation drives
aging in so many different ways.
Autophagy clears away those cells that are just sitting there creating damage and not doing much
else, which is nice because that's also a very important biological mechanism for staying healthy."
67. Mitochondrial Biogenesis
Salvage 1- The Harmful Effects of too much Sugar
Why Does the Hypothalamus Unnecessarily Force a
Sugar Burning Mode in Our Bodies?
1- Overcoming too much stress.
Reducing stress is the antidote to adrenaline causing sugar burning. To do so, one
must eliminate fear, anxiety, and/or sleep deprivation. Sleeping sufficiently,
meditation and eliminating causes of stress are the keys.
2- Reducing blood sugar.
The best way to reduce blood sugar is to drastically reduce one’s consumption of
foods that contain sugar and other carbohydrates. The absolute best way to prevent
sugar fluctuations is to eat 5 to 6 small meals per day (every 2 to 3 hours), of non
sugar/carbohydrate containing foods.
3- Overcoming Leptin Insensitivity.(Obesity)
Overcoming leptin insensitivity (i.e. repairing the hypothalamus) isn’t so easy. The
rather long explanation of why it isn’t so easily overcome is that the bodies of sugar
burning people (primarily fat people) have large pantries of stored fat which creates
large amounts of the messenger molecule leptin which will push the leptin levels
above 9.0 ng/ml and damage the receptors. After a while, the hypothalamus cannot
detect leptin at all and thinks that its level is zero, and therefore, instructs sugar
burning mode. In a sugar burning mode, it is difficult to entice the body to burn fat
stores and therefore very difficult to get rid of fat so that leptin levels will go down to
a “fat burning”range of between 4.0 and 9.0. For a fairly in-depth discussion about
doing this, please request our Becoming Leptin Sensitive Booklet.
68. Managing Your Mitochondria, By Mark Sisson October 20, 2011
The single most fundamental – and simple – way to
improve mitochondrial function
is to turn away from relying on sugar-burning and
transform yourself into a fat-burning beast.
See, mitochondria burn fatty acids cleaner than they burn carbohydrates. Generating ATP
via fats/ketones produces fewer free radicals, because it’s more efficient, whereas generating ATP via carbs
produces more. As a result, glutathione can do its job and our ketone-burning mitochondria have to divert less
attention to cleaning up free radicals. This doesn’t just make mitochondrial ATP production from ketones more
efficient; it has the potential to render it downright anti-inflammatory, too. When we dip into a full-fledged
ketogenic diet, cut back on bad carbs, or intermittently fast, we are switching over to fat-burning. When we
switch over to fat-burning, our mitochondria do the same. Heck, that’s what we mean by “fat-burning.” There’s
even evidence that ketosis can spur mitochondrial biogenesis, albeit thus far only in rats.
In my new book I present my Primal prescription for becoming a fat-burning beast. In fact, one of the reasons I
wrote the 21-Day Total Body Transformation is because untold millions of people are languishing in sugar-
burning land and their mitochondria aren’t burning quite as cleanly as they could. The “transformative” aspect of
the 21-Day Total Body Transformation is the epigenetic switch from sugar-burning to fat-burning. And improving
mitochondrial function and (if that rat study pans out in humans) increasing mitochondrial biogenesis are at the
heart of this switch.
Mitochondrial Biogenesis
Salvage 1- The Harmful Effects of too much Sugar
69. Mitochondrial Biogenesis
Salvage 2- The Harmful Effects of too much Protein
Mitochondrial Metabolic Therapy (MMT) 2017
is a high fat, moderate protein, low carb eating
plan
Unlike a ketogenic diet, it emphasizes on high-quality,
unprocessed whole foods
Unlike Paleo diet which allow consumption of far too
much protein
The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway is Central
regulator of cell metabolism, growth, proliferation and survival.
70. Mitochondrial Biogenesis
Salvage 3- Lack of exercise and Physical activity
Exercise Helps Keep Our Mitochondria Young
Exercise
Promotes mitochondrial health, as it forces your mitochondria to work harder. one of
the side effects of mitochondria working harder is that they're making reactive oxygen
species ROS , which act as signaling molecules. One of the functions they signal is to
make more mitochondria (fission). So, when you exercise, your body will respond by
creating more mitochondria to keep up with the heightened energy requirement.
Aging
Is inevitable. But your biological age can be quite different from your
chronological age, and your mitochondrial health have a lot to do with your
biological aging.
As noted by Patrick, "youthfulness" is not so much about your chronological age, but rather how old you feel, and
how well your body works:
"I want to learn how to optimize my own cognitive performance and my athletic performance. I want to also
increase the youthful part of my life. I want to be 90. I want to be out there, surfing in San Diego just like I was
when I was 20. I would like to not degenerate as rapidly as some people do. I like to stave off that degeneration
and extend the youthful part of my life as long as I possibly can so I can enjoy life."
71. Role of Regular Physical Exercise
A- Burn of fat
(as MMT & Ketogenic diet)
B- Improve insulin sensitivity
(depleting glycogen & fat stores)
C- Peak rise of hormones
Human growth hormone(HGH-GH) – Endorphins ,
Dopamine, Norepinephrine, Serotonin) - exercise intensity
D- Mitochondrial Biogenesis
Mitochondrial Biogenesis
Salvage 3- Lack of exercise and Physical activity
72. Mitochondrial Biogenesis
Salvage 3- Lack of exercise and Physical activity
Mitochondrial Biogenesis:
Exercise is one of the most powerful signals for PGC
1-alpha
A protein encoded by PPARGC1A gene (Peroxisome
proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha
(PGC-1α) )
PGC-1α )PPARGC1A): the master regulator of
mitochondrial biogenesis
PGC 1-alpha:
Is the primary signal for Mitochondria to Reproduce and
Multiply, a process called Mitochondrial biogenesis
PPARGC1A
(PGC-1α( is a protein encoded by the PPARGC1A gene. known as human accelerated
region 20 (HAR20).
PGC-1α is a transcriptional co activator that regulates the genes involved in energy
metabolism. It is the master regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis.
73. PPARGC1A
PGC-1α activating host factors
1- Free Radicals
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS),
both formed intracellularly as by-products of metabolism but
upregulated during times of cellular stress.
2- Cold Exposure
adaptive thermogenesis
3- Endurance Exercise
PGC-1α determines lactate metabolism, preventing high lactate levels
in endurance athletes & making lactate as an energy source
plays a central role in the regulation of cellular energy metabolism. It stimulates 1- mitochondrial biogenesis 2- promotes the
remodeling of muscle tissue to a fiber-type that is metabolically more oxidative and less glycolytic in nature
It participates in the regulation of both carbohydrate & lipid metabolism.
It is involved in obesity, diabetes, & cardiomyopathy.
Mitochondrial Biogenesis
Salvage 3- Lack of exercise and Physical activity
74. Mitochondrial Biogenesis
Salvage 3- Lack of exercise and Physical activity
Exercise (Mitochondrial Biogenesis) for
Cutting Cancer Risk:
The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) -
Discoveries that have been made over the last decade
The mTOR pathway is Central regulator of cell
metabolism, growth, proliferation and survival.
Nutrients (less protein) and Exercise
modify mTOR function
1- Activated during tumor formation, angiogenesis, insulin resistance, adipogenesis and T-lymphocyte activation etc
2- Deregulated in diseases as cancer and type 2 diabetes.
3- Growing therapeutic use of mTOR inhibitors (rapamycin and rapalogues) in solid tumors, organ transplantation,
coronary restenosis and rheumatoid arthritis.
75. Mitochondrial Biogenesis
Salvage 3- Lack of exercise and Physical activity
Exercise slashed the risk of cancer in 13 out
of the 26 cancers
for example
Kidney cancer by (23 %)
Lung cancer by (26 %)
Liver cancer by (27 %)
Esophageal adenocarcinoma by (42 %)
Large Study 2016 Underscores Value of Exercise for Cutting Cancer Risk
Journal of the American Medical Association Internal Medicine 2016; 176(6): 816-
825=
The research involved a mega-pool of
1.44 million men and women from a dozen
large European and U.S.
prospective cohort studies (groups of
participants who’d been followed for
several years).
Participant age, body mass index, gender,
self-reported data on exercise, smoking
status and, if applicable, any cancer
diagnoses, were analyzed to determine
the effect exercise had on various
cancers.
A total of 186,932 primary cancers were
diagnosed during the follow-up period,
which had a median length of 11 years.
Regardless of the person’s weight or
smoking history, the data suggested
physical activity cut their risk of cancer.
76. Mitochondrial Biogenesis
Salvage 4- Feeding Your Mitochondria
The following nutrients; co-factors needed for mitochondrial enzymes
to function properly:
•CoQ10 or ubiquinol (the reduced form)
•L-Carnitine, which shuttles fatty acids to the mitochondria
•D-ribose, which is raw material for ATP molecule
•Magnesium
•Omega-3 fatty acids
•All B vitamins, including riboflavin, thiamine, and B6
•Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) - Thiotacid
Get as many micronutrients as you can from whole foods
77.
78. Mitochondrial Biogenesis
Salvage 5- Avoid Environmental Toxins
Free radical create oxidative stress which inhibits antioxidants from defending
the body from cancer.
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are a potent type of free radical which can
deplete vitamin C levels and stimulate systemic inflammation.
As inflammation in the body increases, the central nervous system has been shown to
leak signals to the brain and gastrointestinal tract.
This results in an autoimmune response from the body. Available antioxidant sources
become depleted as the immune system attempts to defend the body from an unknown
threat.
Individuals with mitochondrial dysfunction have been found to have low levels of
antioxidant support including carnitine, glutathione, and thioredoxin.
Cancer is characterized by numerous factors which lead to depression, a weakened
immune system, and chronic oxidative stress. Mitochondrial dysfunction is associated
with promoting every one of these factors.
79. 1- Diet
A- High fat – moderate protein – cut off the sugar
1- low carb High fat Diet Regime (LCHF)
2- Ketogenic diet (KD)
3- Mitochondrial Metabolic Therapy (MMT) 2017
B- Intermittent fasting
(fat burner (less ROS) – low calorie intake (less ROS))
C- Avoid stress - obesity
2- Exercise and physical activity
Regular – endurance - PGC 1-alpha
3- Feeding Your Mitochondria
•CoQ10 or ubiquinol (the reduced form)
•L-Carnitine, which shuttles fatty acids to the mitochondria
•D-ribose, which is raw material for ATP molecule
•Magnesium
•Omega-3 fatty acids
•All B vitamins, including riboflavin, thiamine, and B6
•Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) – Thiotacid
Get as many micronutrients as you can from whole foods
4- Avoid Environmental Toxins
Mitochondrial Biogenesis
Summary
Similar to a ketogenic diet (epilepsy 30-50%)
MMT is a high fat, moderate protein, low carb eating plan
Unlike a ketogenic diet,
MMT emphasizes on high-quality, unprocessed whole foods
Similar to a ketogenic diet (epilepsy 30-50%)
MMT is a high fat, moderate protein, low carb eating plan
Unlike a ketogenic diet,
MMT emphasizes on high-quality, unprocessed whole foods
1- With exercise the body Burn fat as its primary fuel, as with using a ketogenic diet and MMT (Mitochondria metabolic therapy)
2- Exercise is one of the most powerful signals for PGC 1-alpha, which is the primary signal for mitochondria to reproduce and multiply, a process called Mitochondrial biogenesis
1- With exercise the body Burn fat as its primary fuel, as with using a ketogenic diet and MMT (Mitochondria metabolic therapy)
2- Exercise is one of the most powerful signals for PGC 1-alpha, which is the primary signal for mitochondria to reproduce and multiply, a process called Mitochondrial biogenesis
Similar to a ketogenic diet (epilepsy 30-50%)
MMT is a high fat, moderate protein, low carb eating plan
Unlike a ketogenic diet,
MMT emphasizes on high-quality, unprocessed whole foods