Tughalq, a historical play by Girirsh Karnad. But it can be considered as a political Allegory. Because it represents the first two decades of Indian independence under Nehruvian leadership.The play reflects the universal literary themes.
Tughalq, a historical play by Girirsh Karnad. But it can be considered as a political Allegory. Because it represents the first two decades of Indian independence under Nehruvian leadership.The play reflects the universal literary themes.
Culture and anarchy is a notorious philosophical work written by the celebrated Victorian poet and critic Mathew Arnold. This essay was first published in ‘Cornhill Magazine’ during 1867-’68. Its full name is “Culture and Anarchy: An Essay in Political and Social Criticism”.
Samuel Coleridge- Biographia Literaria Ch 14Dilip Barad
This presentation deals with chapter 14 of 'Biographia Literaria' written by Samuel Taylor Coleridge. It deals with his famous defence of Wordsworth's poetic creed, difference between prose and poem; and more importantly, difference between poem and poetry
Paradise Lost is a poem by John Milton written in blank verse. This is based on the biblical theme of the fall of man. It depicts the temptation of Adam and Eve by the fallen angel Satan and their expulsion from the Garden of Eden. Milton stated his purpose in Book I is to "justify the ways of God to men".
1 Chapter 1 The cold passed reluctantly from the eartMargaritoWhitt221
1
Chapter 1
The cold passed reluctantly from the earth, and the retiring fogs revealed an army stretched out on the
hills, resting. As the landscape changed from brown to green, the army awakened, and began to tremble
with eagerness at the noise of rumors. It cast its eyes upon the roads, which were growing from long troughs
of liquid mud to proper thoroughfares. A river, amber-tinted in the shadow of its banks, purled at the army's
feet; and at night, when the stream had become of a sorrowful blackness, one could see across it the red,
eyelike gleam of hostile camp-fires set in the low brows of distant hills.
Once a certain tall soldier developed virtues and went resolutely to wash a shirt. He came flying back
from a brook waving his garment bannerlike. He was swelled with a tale he had heard from a reliable friend,
who had heard it from a truthful cavalryman, who had heard it from his trustworthy brother, one of the
orderlies at division headquarters. He adopted the important air of a herald in red and gold.
"We're goin' t' move t'morrah--sure," he said pompously to a group in the company street. "We're goin'
'way up the river, cut across, an' come around in behint 'em."
To his attentive audience he drew a loud and elaborate plan of a very brilliant campaign. When he had
finished, the blue-clothed men scattered into small arguing groups between the rows of squat brown huts.
A negro teamster who had been dancing upon a cracker box with the hilarious encouragement of twoscore
soldiers was deserted. He sat mournfully down. Smoke drifted lazily from a multitude of quaint chimneys.
"It's a lie! that's all it is--a thunderin' lie!" said another private loudly. His smooth face was flushed,
and his hands were thrust sulkily into his trouser's pockets. He took the matter as an affront to him. "I don't
believe the derned old army's ever going to move. We're set. I've got ready to move eight times in the last
two weeks, and we ain't moved yet."
The tall soldier felt called upon to defend the truth of a rumor he himself had introduced. He and the
loud one came near to fighting over it.
A corporal began to swear before the assemblage. He had just put a costly board floor in his house,
he said. During the early spring he had refrained from adding extensively to the comfort of his environment
because he had felt that the army might start on the march at any moment. Of late, however, he had been
impressed that they were in a sort of eternal camp.
Many of the men engaged in a spirited debate. One outlined in a peculiarly lucid manner all the plans
of the commanding general. He was opposed by men who advocated that there were other plans of
campaign. They clamored at each other, numbers making futile bids for the popular attention. Meanwhile,
the soldier who had fetched the rumor bustled about with much importance. He was continually assailed by
questions.
"What's up, Jim?"
"Th'army's goin' t' move."
"Ah, what y ...
Culture and anarchy is a notorious philosophical work written by the celebrated Victorian poet and critic Mathew Arnold. This essay was first published in ‘Cornhill Magazine’ during 1867-’68. Its full name is “Culture and Anarchy: An Essay in Political and Social Criticism”.
Samuel Coleridge- Biographia Literaria Ch 14Dilip Barad
This presentation deals with chapter 14 of 'Biographia Literaria' written by Samuel Taylor Coleridge. It deals with his famous defence of Wordsworth's poetic creed, difference between prose and poem; and more importantly, difference between poem and poetry
Paradise Lost is a poem by John Milton written in blank verse. This is based on the biblical theme of the fall of man. It depicts the temptation of Adam and Eve by the fallen angel Satan and their expulsion from the Garden of Eden. Milton stated his purpose in Book I is to "justify the ways of God to men".
1 Chapter 1 The cold passed reluctantly from the eartMargaritoWhitt221
1
Chapter 1
The cold passed reluctantly from the earth, and the retiring fogs revealed an army stretched out on the
hills, resting. As the landscape changed from brown to green, the army awakened, and began to tremble
with eagerness at the noise of rumors. It cast its eyes upon the roads, which were growing from long troughs
of liquid mud to proper thoroughfares. A river, amber-tinted in the shadow of its banks, purled at the army's
feet; and at night, when the stream had become of a sorrowful blackness, one could see across it the red,
eyelike gleam of hostile camp-fires set in the low brows of distant hills.
Once a certain tall soldier developed virtues and went resolutely to wash a shirt. He came flying back
from a brook waving his garment bannerlike. He was swelled with a tale he had heard from a reliable friend,
who had heard it from a truthful cavalryman, who had heard it from his trustworthy brother, one of the
orderlies at division headquarters. He adopted the important air of a herald in red and gold.
"We're goin' t' move t'morrah--sure," he said pompously to a group in the company street. "We're goin'
'way up the river, cut across, an' come around in behint 'em."
To his attentive audience he drew a loud and elaborate plan of a very brilliant campaign. When he had
finished, the blue-clothed men scattered into small arguing groups between the rows of squat brown huts.
A negro teamster who had been dancing upon a cracker box with the hilarious encouragement of twoscore
soldiers was deserted. He sat mournfully down. Smoke drifted lazily from a multitude of quaint chimneys.
"It's a lie! that's all it is--a thunderin' lie!" said another private loudly. His smooth face was flushed,
and his hands were thrust sulkily into his trouser's pockets. He took the matter as an affront to him. "I don't
believe the derned old army's ever going to move. We're set. I've got ready to move eight times in the last
two weeks, and we ain't moved yet."
The tall soldier felt called upon to defend the truth of a rumor he himself had introduced. He and the
loud one came near to fighting over it.
A corporal began to swear before the assemblage. He had just put a costly board floor in his house,
he said. During the early spring he had refrained from adding extensively to the comfort of his environment
because he had felt that the army might start on the march at any moment. Of late, however, he had been
impressed that they were in a sort of eternal camp.
Many of the men engaged in a spirited debate. One outlined in a peculiarly lucid manner all the plans
of the commanding general. He was opposed by men who advocated that there were other plans of
campaign. They clamored at each other, numbers making futile bids for the popular attention. Meanwhile,
the soldier who had fetched the rumor bustled about with much importance. He was continually assailed by
questions.
"What's up, Jim?"
"Th'army's goin' t' move."
"Ah, what y ...
Vol. 3 scripture proverbs, illustrated, annotated, and appliedGLENN PEASE
NOTE: This rare book by a very popular Bible scholar of the past is now a collectors item that you can purchase for 49 dollars. This free copy has a number of spelling errors but it still conveys the full value of why it is so popular.
It is pure pleasure to read this old scholar of the past.
Glaring Shadow - A stream of consciousness novel BS Murthy
In a stream of consciousness mode, Glaring Shadow is the self-account of the life and times of a man, who liquidates his immense wealth only to consign it to the flames.
The agony and ecstasy of his life as he makes it big in our materialistic world and the way he loses his soul in the bargain, only to regain it when tragedy strikes him makes one ponder over the meaning of success in life.
OlallaRobert Louis StevensonNow, said the doctor, my part.docxcherishwinsland
Olalla
Robert Louis Stevenson
'Now,' said the doctor, 'my part is done, and, I may say, with some vanity, well done. It remains only to get you out of this cold and poisonous city, and to give you two months of a pure air and an easy conscience. The last is your affair. To the first I think I can help you. It fells indeed rather oddly; it was but the other day the Padre came in from the country; and as he and I are old friends, although of contrary professions, he applied to me in a matter of distress among some of his parishioners. This was a family - but you are ignorant of Spain, and even the names of our grandees are hardly known to you; suffice it, then, that they were once great people, and are now fallen to the brink of destitution. Nothing now belongs to them but the residencia, and certain leagues of desert mountain, in the greater part of which not even a goat could support life. But the house is a fine old place, and stands at a great height among the hills, and most salubriously; and I had no sooner heard my friend's tale, than I remembered you. I told him I had a wounded officer, wounded in the good cause, who was now able to make a change; and I proposed that his friends should take you for a lodger. Instantly the Padre's face grew dark, as I had maliciously foreseen it would. It was out of the question, he said. Then let them starve, said I, for I have no sympathy with tatterdemalion pride. There-upon we separated, not very content with one another; but yesterday, to my wonder, the Padre returned and made a submission: the difficulty, he said, he had found upon enquiry to be less than he had feared; or, in other words, these proud people had put their pride in their pocket. I closed with the offer; and, subject to your approval, I have taken rooms for you in the residencia. The air of these mountains will renew your
blood; and the quiet in which you will there live is worth all the medicines in the world.'
'Doctor,' said I, 'you have been throughout my good angel, and your advice is a command. But tell me, if you please, something of the family with which I am to reside.'
'I am coming to that,' replied my friend; 'and, indeed, there is a difficulty in the way. These beggars are, as I have said, of very high descent and swollen with the most baseless vanity; they have lived for some generations in a growing isolation, drawing away, on either hand, from the rich who had now become too high for them, and from the poor, whom they still regarded as too low; and even to-day, when poverty forces them to unfasten their door to a guest, they cannot do so without a most ungracious stipulation. You are to remain, they say, a stranger; they will give you attendance, but they refuse from the first the idea of the smallest intimacy.'
I will not deny that I was piqued, and perhaps the feeling strengthened my desire to go, for I was confident that I could break down that barrier if I desired. 'There is nothing offensive .
[removed]Du Bois, W. E. Burghardt. The Souls of Black Folk .docxhanneloremccaffery
[removed]
Du Bois, W. E. Burghardt. The Souls of Black Folk
Electronic Text Center, University of Virginia Library
Chapter 1
I. Of Our Spiritual Strivings
-1-
O water, voice of my heart, crying in the sand,
All night long crying with a mournful cry,
As I lie and listen, and cannot understand
The voice of my heart in my side or the voice of the sea,
O water, crying for rest, is it I, is it I?
All night long the water is crying to me.
Unresting water, there shall never be rest
Till the last moon droop and the last tide fail,
And the fire of the end begin to burn in the west;
And the heart shall be weary and wonder and cry like the sea,
All life long crying without avail,
As the water all night long is crying to me.
ARTHUR SYMONS.
[musial notation from "Nobody Knows the Trouble I've Seen"]
Between me and the other world there is ever an unasked question: unasked by some
through feelings of delicacy; by others through the difficulty of rightly framing it. All,
nevertheless, flutter round it. They approach me in a half-hesitant sort of way, eye me
curiously or compassionately, and then, instead of saying directly, How does it feel to be
a problem? they say, I know an excellent colored man in my town; or, I fought at
Mechanicsville; or, Do not these Southern outrages make your blood boil? At these I
smile, or am interested, or reduce the boiling to a simmer, as the occasion may require.
To the real question, How does it feel to be a problem? I answer seldom a word.
And yet, being a problem is a strange experience, -- peculiar even for one who has
never been anything else, save perhaps in babyhood and in Europe. It is in the early days
of rollicking boyhood that the revelation first bursts upon one, all in a day, as it were. I
remember well when the shadow swept across me. I was a little thing, away up in the
hills of New England, where the dark Housatonic winds between Hoosac and Taghkanic
to the sea. In a wee wooden schoolhouse, something put it into the boys' and girls' heads
to buy gorgeous visiting-cards -- ten cents a package -- and exchange. The exchange was
merry, till one girl, a tall newcomer, refused my card, -- refused it peremptorily, with a
glance. Then it dawned upon me with a certain suddenness that I was different from the
others; or like, mayhap, in heart and life and longing, but shut out from their world by a
vast veil. I had thereafter no desire to tear down that veil, to creep through; I held all
beyond it in common contempt, and lived above it in a region of blue sky and great
wandering shadows. That sky was bluest when I could beat my mates at examination-
time, or beat them at a foot-race, or even beat their stringy heads. Alas, with the years all
this fine contempt began to fade; for the words I longed for, and all their dazzling
opportunities, were theirs, not mine. But they should not keep these prizes, I said; some,
all, I would wrest.
170 Tb Seize the EanhInfinitely tired, Blas de Irmos moves.docxhyacinthshackley2629
170 Tb Seize the Eanh
Infinitely tired, Blas de Irmos moves his hand toward the head of
the bed.
It would seem that he is trying to touch his temple. But the Francis-
can, motionless in his corner, understands. He approaches the deathbed,
slides his hand under the pillow. The bundle of papers passes quickly
into his sleeve. One last look at the bed where the reddish light of the
candle plays; at lJrsula, her arms hanging at her sides; at Cecilia, wiping
away her tears with a corner of her white shawl. He leaves the house.
Blas has seen nothing, heard nothing. He has returned to his world of
alternating light and shadow, the light fading as the shadows deepen.
At dawn, something like a cloud or an enonnous wing veils the ir-
resolute sky outside the door. Ursula and Cecilia have run to the river
bank. If Blas were awake, he would know it was the ships setting sail
with the colonists of Santa Maria del Buen Ayre aboard. But Blas de
Lemos is lying motionless on the bed. His right hand is reaching down,
as if to seize the earth.
Tianslated by Catherine Ro drtguez-N ieto
Park Cinema
Elena Poniatowska
Sefrorita:
As of today, you will have to strike my name from the list of your
admirers. Perhaps I ought not to inform you of this decision, but to
do so would be to betray a personal integrity that has never shied away
from the exigencies of the Tiuth. By thus divorcing myself from y9u, I
am acting in accordance with a profound change in spirit, which leads
me to thJ decision never again to number myself among the viewers of
your films.
This afternoon--{r rather, this evening-you have destroyed me' I
do not know whether this matters to you, but I am a man shattered to
pieces. Do you understand what I am saying? A devotee who has fol-
iowed yout
-i-ug"
on the screens of first-run houses and neighborhood
theateis, a loving critic who would justify the very worst of your moral
behavior, I now swear on my knees to renounce you forever, though a
mere poster fromForbidden Fruit is enough to shake my resolve. As'you
-uy .Le, I am yet a man seduced by appearances'
comfortably ensconced in my seat I was one in a multitude, a crea-
ture lost in an anonymous darkness, who suddenly felt himself caught
up in a personal sadness, bitter and inescapable. It was then that I was
truly myself, the loner who suffers and now addresses you. For no broth-
erlyhand reached to touch mine. while you were calmly destroying my
heirt on the screen, all those around me stayed passionately true. Yes,
there was even one scoundrel who laughed shamelessly while I watched
you swoon in the arms of that abominable suitor who dragged you to
the final extremes of human degradation.
And let me ask you this, sefrorita: Is he worthless whose every ideal
is suddenlv lost?
t77
172 Park Cinema
You will say I am a dreamer, an eccentric, one of those meteorites
that fall to earth against all calculated odds. You may dispense with your
hypotheses: it is I who i.
Vol. 2 scripture proverbs, illustrated, annotated, and appliedGLENN PEASE
NOTE: This rare book by a very popular Bible scholar of the past is now a collectors item that you can purchase for 49 dollars. This free copy has a number of spelling errors but it still conveys the full value of why it is so popular.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
MARUTI SUZUKI- A Successful Joint Venture in India.pptx
The Man in Black.pdf
1. The Man in Black - By Oliver Goldsmith
Introduction:
The essay ‘The Man in Black’ is written by Oliver Goldsmith. It is a mockery of the then
contemporary society. He attacks the social and political situation that dominated during
Anglo-Saxon period in England. Oliver gives us reason for his admiration. It is that Man in Black
appearing as something that he in fact is not.
The writer describes the Man in Black as a kind, sympathetic, and genial person with a
compassionate heart. Outwardly, he seems unkind, looking like a rude, curt, and stern person.
This is in contrast with his inner personality. In those days the English society considered the
male population to be aggressive, manly, stern and chauvinistic. The dominance of males by
their ultra masculine nature in the family is encouraged and accepted socially and politically.
Goldsmith discourages these stereotype aspects of male dominance in this essay. He mocks
the way the society and politics of that time regarded male authority as prestigious and
dignified. He wants to suggest that the trend of being ‘what you are not’ should not be
encouraged.
Notes Prepared
By
Dr. G.N. Khamankar
2. Text:
Though fond of many acquaintances, I desire an intimacy only with a few. The man in black
whom I have often mentioned is one whose friendship I could wish to acquire, because he
possesses my esteem. His manners, it is true, are tinctured with some strange inconsistencies;
and he may be justly termed an humourist in a nation of humourists. Though he is generous
even to profusion, he affects to be thought a prodigy of parsimony and prudence; though his
conversation be replete with the most sordid and selfish maxims, his heart is dilated with the
most unbounded love. I have known him profess himself a man-hater, while his cheek was
glowing with compassion; and while his looks were softened into pity, I have heard him use
the language of the most unbounded ill-nature. Some affect humanity and tenderness, others
boast of having such dispositions from nature; but he is the only man I ever knew who seemed
ashamed of his natural benevolence. He takes as much pains to hide his feelings, as any
hypocrite would to conceal his indifference; but on every unguarded moment the mask drops
off, and reveals him to the most superficial observer.
In one of our late excursions into the country, happening to discourse upon the provision that
was made for the poor in England, he seemed amazed how any of his countrymen could be
so foolishly weak as to relieve occasional objects of charity, when the laws had made such
ample provision for their support. "In every parish house," says he, "the poor are supplied
with food, clothes, fire, and a bed to lie on; they want no more, I desire no more myself; yet
still they seem discontented. I am surprised at the inactivity of our magistrates, in not taking
up such vagrants, who are only a weight upon the industrious; I am surprised that the people
are found to relieve them, when they must be at the same time sensible that it, in some
measure, encourages idleness, extravagance, and imposture. Were I to advise any man for
whom I had the least regard, I would caution him by all means not to be imposed upon by
their false pretences: let me assure you, sir, they are impostors, every one of them, and rather
merit a prison than relief."
He was proceeding in this strain earnestly, to dissuade me from an imprudence of which I am
seldom guilty, when an old man, who still had about him the remnants of tattered finery,
implored our compassion. He assured us, that he was no common beggar, but forced into the
shameful profession, to support a dying wife and five hungry children. Being prepossessed
against such falsehoods, his story had not the least influence upon me; but it was quite
otherwise with the man in black; I could see it visibly operate upon his countenance, and
effectually interrupt his harangue. I could easily perceive, that his heart burned to relieve the
five starving children, but he seemed ashamed to discover his weakness to me. While he thus
hesitated between compassion and pride, I pretended to look another way, and he seized this
opportunity of giving the poor petitioner a piece of silver, bidding him at the same time, in
order that I should not hear, go work for his bread, and not tease passengers with such
impertinent falsehoods for the future.
As he had fancied himself quite unperceived, he continued, as we proceeded, to rail against
beggars with as much animosity as before; he threw in some episodes on his own amazing
prudence and economy, with his profound skill in discovering impostors; he explained the
3. manner in which he would deal with beggars were he a magistrate, hinted at enlarging some
of the prisons for their reception, and told two stories of ladies that were robbed by
beggarmen. He was beginning a third to the same purpose, when a sailor with a wooden leg
once more crossed our walks, desiring our pity, and blessing our limbs. I was for going on
without taking any notice, but my friend looking wistfully upon the poor petitioner, bid me
stop, and he would show me with how much ease he could at any time detect an impostor.
He now, therefore, assumed a look of importance, and in an angry tone began to examine the
sailor, demanding in what engagement he was thus disabled and rendered unfit for service.
The sailor replied, in a tone as angrily as he, that he had been an officer on board a private
ship of war, and that he had lost his leg abroad in defence of those who did nothing at home.
At this reply, all my friend's importance vanished in a moment; he had not a single question
more to ask; he now only studied what method he should take to relieve him unobserved. He
had, however, no easy part to act, as he was obliged to preserve the appearance of ill-nature
before me, and yet relieve himself by relieving the sailor. Casting, therefore, a furious look
upon some bundles of chips which the fellow carried in a string at his back, my friend
demanded how he sold his matches; but not waiting for a reply, desired, in a surly tone, to
have a shilling's worth. The sailor seemed at first surprised at his demand, but soon
recollected himself, and presenting his whole bundle, "Here, master," says he, "take all my
cargo, and a blessing into the bargain."
It is impossible to describe, with what an air of triumph my friend marched off with his new
purchase; he assured me, that he was firmly of opinion that those fellows must have stolen
their goods, who could thus afford to sell them for half value. He informed me of several
different uses to which those chips might be applied; he expatiated largely upon the savings
that would result from lighting candles with a match instead of thrusting them into the fire.
He averred, that he would as soon have parted with a tooth as his money to those vagabonds,
unless for some valuable consideration. I cannot tell how long this panegyric upon frugality
and matches might have continued, had not his attention been called off by another object
more distressful than either of the former. A woman in rags, with one child in her arms and
another on her back, was attempting to sing ballads, but with such a mournful voice, that it
was difficult to determine whether she was singing or crying. A wretch who, in the deepest
distress, still aimed at good humour, was an object my friend was by no means capable of
withstanding; his vivacity and his discourse were instantly interrupted; upon this occasion his
very dissimulation had forsaken him. Even in my presence he immediately applied his hands
to his pockets, in order to relieve her; but guess his confusion when he found he had already
given away all the money he carried about him to former objects. The misery painted in the
woman's visage was not half so strongly expressed as the agony in his. He continued to search
for some time, but to no purpose, till, at length recollecting himself, with a face of ineffable
good-nature, as he had no money, he put into her hands his shilling's worth of matches.
2.
As there appeared something reluctantly good in the character of my companion, I must own
it surprised me what could be his motives for thus concealing virtues which others take such
pains to display. I was unable to repress my desire of knowing the history of a man who thus
4. seemed to act under continual restraint, and whose benevolence was rather the effect of
appetite than reason.
It was not, however, till after repeated solicitations he thought proper to gratify my curiosity.
"If you are fond," says he, "of hearing hair-breadth escapes, my history must certainly please;
for I have been for twenty years upon the very verge of starving, without ever being starved.
"My father, the younger son of a good family, was possessed of a small living in the church.
His education was above his fortune, and his generosity greater than his education. Poor as
he was, he had his flatterers still poorer than himself; for every dinner he gave them, they
returned an equivalent in praise; and this was all he wanted. The same ambition that actuates
a monarch at the head of an army, influenced my father at the head of his table; he told the
story of the ivy-tree, and that was laughed at; he repeated the jest of the two scholars and
one pair of breeches, and the company laughed at that; but the story of Taffy in the sedan
chair was sure to set the table in a roar. Thus his pleasure increased in proportion to the
pleasure he gave; he loved all the world, and he fancied all the world loved him.
"As his fortune was but small, he lived up to the very extent of it; he had no intentions of
leaving his children money, for that was dross; he was resolved they should have learning; for
learning, he used to observe, was better than silver or gold. For this purpose he undertook to
instruct us himself; and took as much pains to form our morals, as to improve our
understanding. We were told that universal benevolence was what first cemented society;
we were taught to consider all the wants of mankind as our own; to regard the human face
divine with affection and esteem; he wound us up to be mere machines of pity, and rendered
us incapable of withstanding the slightest impulse made either by real or fictitious distress: in
a word, we were perfectly instructed in the art of giving away thousands before we were
taught the more necessary qualifications of getting a farthing.
"I cannot avoid imagining, that thus refined by his lessons out of all my suspicion, and divested
of even all the little cunning which nature had given me, I resembled, upon my first entrance
into the busy and insidious world, one of those gladiators who were exposed with armour in
the amphitheatre at Rome. My father, however, who had only seen the world on one side,
seemed to triumph in my superior discernment; though my whole stock of wisdom consisted
in being able to talk like himself upon subjects that once were useful, because they were then
topics of the busy world; but that now were utterly useless, because connected with the busy
world no longer.
"The first opportunity he had of finding his expectations disappointed, was at the very
middling figure I made in the university: he had flattered himself that he should soon see me
rising into the foremost rank in literary reputation, but was mortified to find me utterly
unnoticed and unknown. His disappointment might have been partly ascribed to his having
over-rated my talents, and partly to my dislike of mathematical reasonings, at a time when
my imagination and memory, yet unsatisfied, were more eager after new objects, than
desirous of reasoning upon those I knew. This did not, however, please my tutors, who
observed, indeed, that I was a little dull, but at the same time allowed, that I seemed to be
very good-natured, and had no harm in me.
5. "After I had resided at college seven years, my father died, and left me--his blessing. Thus
shoved from shore without ill-nature to protect, or cunning to guide, or proper stores to
subsist me in so dangerous a voyage, I was obliged to embark in the wide world at twenty-
two. But, in order to settle in life, my friends, advised (for they always advise when they begin
to despise us) they advised me, I say, to go into orders.
"To be obliged to wear a long wig, when I liked a short one, or a black coat, when I generally
dressed in brown, I thought was such a restraint upon my liberty, that I absolutely rejected
the proposal. A priest in England is not the same mortified creature with a bonze in China;
with us, not he that fasts best, but eats best, is reckoned the best liver; yet I rejected a life of
luxury, indolence, and ease, from no other consideration but that boyish one of dress. So that
my friends were now perfectly satisfied I was undone; and yet they thought it a pity for one
who had not the least harm in him, and was so very good-natured.
"Poverty naturally begets dependance, and I was admitted as flatterer to a great man. At first
I was surprised, that the situation of a flatterer at a great man's table could be thought
disagreeable; there was no great trouble in listening attentively when his lordship spoke, and
laughing when he looked round for applause. This even good manners might have obliged me
to perform. I found, however, too soon, that his lordship was a greater dunce than myself;
and from that very moment flattery was at an end. I now rather aimed at setting him right,
than at receiving his absurdities with submission: to flatter those we do not know is an easy
task; but to flatter our intimate acquaintances, all whose foibles are strongly in our eye, is
drudgery insupportable. Every time I now opened my lips in praise, my falsehood went to my
conscience; his lordship soon perceived me to be very unfit for service: I was, therefore,
discharged: my patron at the same time being graciously pleased to observe, that he believed
I was tolerably good-natured, and had not the least harm in me.
"Disappointed in ambition, I had recourse to love. A young lady, who lived with her aunt, and
was possessed of a pretty fortune in her own disposal,had given me, as I fancied, some reason
to expect success. The symptoms by which I was guided were striking. She had always laughed
with me at her awkward acquaintance, and at her aunt among the number; she always
observed, that a man of sense would make a better husband than a fool; and I as constantly
applied the observation in my own favour, she continually talked, in my company, of
friendship and the beauties of the mind, and spoke of Mr. Shrimp, my rival's high-heeled
shoes, with detestation. These were circumstances which I thought strongly in my favour; so,
after resolving and re-resolving, I had courage enough to tell her my mind. Miss heard my
proposal with serenity, seeming at the same time to study the figures of her fan. Out at last
it came. There was but one small objection to complete our happiness: which was no more,
than----that she was married three months before to Mr. Shrimp, with high-heeled shoes! By
way of consolation, however, she observed, that, though I was disappointed in her, my
addresses to her aunt would probably kindle her into sensibility; as the old lady always
allowed me to be very good-natured, and not to have the least share of harm in me.
"Yet still I had friends, numerous friends, and to them I was resolved to apply. O friendship!
thou fond soother of the human breast, to thee we fly in every calamity; to thee the wretched
seek for succour; on thee the care-tired son of misery fondly relies; from thy kind assistance
the unfortunate always hopes relief, and may be ever sure of--disappointment! My first
6. application was to a city-scrivener, who had frequently offered to lend me money when he
knew I did not want it. I informed him, that now was the time to put his friendship to the test;
that I wanted to borrow a couple of hundreds for a certain occasion, and was resolved to take
it up from him. 'And pray, sir,' cried my friend, 'do you want all this money?'--'Indeed, I never
wanted it more,' returned I. 'I am sorry for that,' cries the scrivener, 'with all my heart; for
they who want money, when they come to borrow, will always want money when they should
come to pay.'
"From him I flew with indignation to one of the best friends I had in the world, and made the
same request. 'Indeed, Mr. Dry-bone,' cries my friend, 'I always thought it would come to this.
You know, sir, I would not advise you but for your own good; but your conduct has hitherto
been ridiculous in the highest degree, and some of your acquaintance always thought you a
very silly fellow. Let me see, you want two hundred pounds. Do you only want two hundred,
sir, exactly?' 'To confess a truth,' returned I, 'I shall want three hundred; but then I have
another friend, from whom I can borrow the rest.'--'Why then,' replied my friend, 'if you
would take my advice, (and you know I should not presume to advise you but for your own
good) I would recommend it to you to borrow the whole sum from that other friend, and then
one note will serve for all, you know.'
"Poverty now began to come fast upon me; yet instead of growing more provident or cautious
as I grew poor, I became every day more indolent and simple. A friend was arrested for fifty
pounds; I was unable to extricate him except by becoming his bail. When at liberty he fled
from his creditors, and left me to take his place: in prison I expected greater satisfactions than
I had enjoyed at large. I hoped to converse with men in this new world simple and believing
like myself; but I found them as cunning and as cautious as those in the world I had left behind.
They spunged up my money while it lasted, borrowed my coals and never paid for them, and
cheated me when I played at cribbage. All this was done because they believed me to be very
good-natured, and knew that I had no harm in me.
"Upon my first entrance into this mansion, which is to some the abode of despair, I felt no
sensations different from those I experienced abroad. I was now on one side of the door, and
those who were unconfined were on the other; this was all the difference between us. At
first, indeed, I felt some uneasiness, in considering how I should be able to provide this week
for the wants of the week ensuing; but after some time, if I found myself sure of eating one
day, I never troubled my head how I was to be supplied another. I seized every precarious
meal with the utmost good-humour; indulged no rants of spleen at my situation; never called
down Heaven and all the stars to behold my dining upon an halfpenny-worth of radishes; my
very companions were taught to believe that I liked salad better than mutton. I contented
myself with thinking, that all my life I should either eat white bread or brown; considered that
all that happened was best; laughed when I was not in pain, took the world as it went, and
read Tacitus often, for want of more books and company.
"How long I might have continued in this torpid state of simplicity I cannot tell, had I not been
roused by seeing an old acquaintance, whom I knew to be a prudent blockhead, preferred to
a place in the government. I now found that I had pursued a wrong track, and that the true
way of being able to relieve others, was first to aim at independence myself; my immediate
care, therefore, was to leave my present habitation, and make an entire reformation in my
7. conduct and behaviour. For a free, open, undesigning deportment, I put on that of closeness,
prudence, and economy. One of the most heroic actions I ever performed, and for which I
shall praise myself as long as I live, was the refusing half a crown to an old acquaintance, at
the time when he wanted it, and I had it to spare; for this alone I deserve to be decreed an
ovation.
"I now, therefore, pursued a course of uninterrupted frugality, seldom wanted a dinner, and
was, consequently, invited to twenty. I soon began to get the character of a saving hunks that
had money, and insensibly grew into esteem. Neighbours have asked my advice in the
disposal of their daughters; and I have always taken care not to give any. I have contracted a
friendship with an alderman, only by observing, that if we take a farthing from a thousand
pounds, it will be a thousand pounds no longer. I have been invited to a pawnbroker's table,
by pretending to hate gravy; and am now actually upon treaty of marriage with a rich widow,
for only having observed that the bread was rising. If ever I am asked a question, whether I
know it or not, instead of answering, I only smile and look wise. If a charity is proposed, I go
about with the hat, but put nothing in myself. If a wretch solicits my pity, I observe that the
world is filled with impostors, and take a certain method of not being deceived, by never
relieving. In short, I now find the truest way of finding esteem even from the indigent, is to
give away nothing, and thus have much in our power to give."
8. Summary:
The essay Man in Black by Oliver Goldsmith is an excellent display of exemplification.
In this essay, the author talks of a man who is remorseful of his charitable actions. The
man is an obvious philanthropist, but he is ashamed of it. Goldsmith lays out the ways,
and gives examples, of how “he is the only man I ever knew who seemed ashamed of
his natural benevolence.”
The man is a charitable man. He cares about others, gives to others, and shares with
others, but he pretends to not care about the well-being of others. He is “ashamed of
his natural benevolence.” While he pretends to have a disliking for mankind, he’s not
very good at pretending to be. The author reveals that his poker face is not up to par.
“… While his looks were softened into pity, I have heard him use the language of the
most unbounded ill-nature.”
The “Man in Black” is so concerned with the place of the poor, that he complains to
the author of how ignorant the countrymen, or wealthy, are to the state of living of the
poorer people. He says that the poor only want a few things – food, housing, clothes,
and warmth but cannot obtain those things due to the negligence of the fortunate.
The man in black gives a beggar a piece of silver, but when doing so, he appeared
“ashamed” to present his weakness to the author; the man has too much pride to show
his soft spot for the less fortunate.
When a man with a wooden leg passed the author and the man in black, the author
ignored him. The man in black showed much attention to him, but instead of giving
him alms, he called him out to be a poser of the needy. But once hearing the sailor’s
story of fighting in defence of the country while others “did nothing at home”, the man
gave alms to him.
The man in black and the author ran into a woman who was an obvious example of
helpless, but he had no money to give her. He became shameful, as it was presented
in his face, but once he found a “shilling’s worth of matches”, and placed it in her
hands, he was pleased with himself seeing the smile in the woman’s face. This
anonymous man, the Man In Black, is a man of benevolence, and is bluntly shameful
of it. There is no understanding of why.
The man is one who cannot exhibit generous behaviour without being ashamed of it.
He wants the world to see him as a man who does not care too much about the well-
being of others; much less, the unfortunate. He is the “Man In Black”, because he
hides his benevolence. He does not want to be noticed for it. He is, the Man in Black.
9. Summary in Hindi
ओलिवर गोल्डलिथ “िॅन इन ब्लॅक” लनबंध दृष्टंत कट एक बहुत अच्छट प्रदर्शन है। इस लनबंध िें, िेखक
एक ऐसे व्यक्ति की बटत करतट है जो अपने धिटशथश कटर्यों क
े लिए पछतटवट करतट है। आदिी एक स्पष्
परोपकटरी है, िेलकन वह इसक
े लिए र्लििंदट है। गोल्डलिथ तरीक
े बतटतट है, और उदटहरण देतट है,"वह
एकिटत्र आदिी है लजसे िैं कभी भी जटनतट थट लक उसे अपने प्रटक
ृ लतक परोपकटर पर र्िश आती है।"
आदिी एक धिटशथश आदिी है। वह दू सरों की परवटह करतट है, दू सरों को देतट है, और दू सरों क
े सटथ सटझट
करतट है, िेलकन वह दू सरोंकी भिटई की परवटह नहींकरने कट लदखटवट करतट है। वह "अपनी स्वटभटलवक
परोपकटररतट पर र्लििंदट है।" जबलक वह िटनव जटलत क
े लिए नटपसंद करने कट लदखटवट करतट है, वह
होने कट नटटक करने िें बहुत अच्छट नहीं है। िेखक र्यह बतटतट है लक उसकट पोकर चेहरट बरटबरी कट
नहीं है। "... जबलक उसकट रूप दर्यट िें कोिि हो गर्यट थट, िैंने उसे सबसे अलनर्यंलत्रत बीिटर प्रक
ृ लत की
भटषट कट उपर्योग करते हुए सुनट है।"
"िैन इन ब्लैक" गरीबों क
े स्थटन से इतनट लचंलतत है, लक वह िेखक से लर्कटर्यत करतट है लक देर् क
े िोग,
र्यट धनवटनों से लकतनट अनलभज्ञ हैं, वे गरीब िोगों क
े रहने की क्तस्थलत िें हैं। वह कहते हैं लक गरीब क
े वि
क
ु छ चीजें चटहते हैं - भोजन, आवटस, कपडे, और गिशजोर्ी िेलकन सौभटग्य की िटपरवटही क
े कटरण उन
चीजों को प्रटप्त नहींकर सकते है
“िॅन इन ब्लॅक” एक लभखटरी को चटंदी कट एक टुकडट देतट है, िेलकन ऐसट करते सिर्य, वह िेखक को
अपनी किजोरी पेर् करने क
े लिए "र्लििंदट" लदखटई लदर्यट; कि भटग्यर्टिी क
े लिए अपने नरि स्थटन को
लदखटने क
े लिए आदिी को बहुत अलधक गवश है।
जब िकडी क
े पैर वटिे व्यक्ति ने िेखक को और“िॅन इन ब्लॅक” को पटररत लकर्यट, तो िेखक ने उसे
अनदेखट कर लदर्यट। कटिे रंग क
े व्यक्ति ने उस पर बहुत ध्यटन लदर्यट, िेलकन उसने उसे लभक्षट देने क
े बजटर्य,
उसे जरूरतिंदों कट पोजर कहट। िेलकन जब एक बटर नटलवक ने देर् की रक्षट िें िडने की कहटनी सुनी,
जबलक अन्य ने "घर पर क
ु छ नहींलकर्यट", तो आदिी ने उसे लभक्षट दी।
“िॅन इन ब्लॅक” और िेखक एक ऐसी िलहिट क
े रूप िें दौडे, जो असहटर्य कट एक स्पष् उदटहरण थी,
िेलकन उसक
े पटस उसे देने क
े लिए पैसे नहीं थे। वह र्िशनटक हो गर्यट, जैसट लक उसक
े चेहरे िें प्रस्तुत
लकर्यट गर्यट थट, िेलकन एक बटर जब उसने "लर्लिंग क
े िटर्यक़ िटलचस" पटर्यट, और उसे अपने हटथों िें रखट,
तो वह खुद क
े सटथ िलहिट क
े चेहरे पर िुस्कटन देखकर प्रसन्न हो गई। र्यह गुिनटि र्ख्स, िैन इन ब्लैक,
परोपकटर कट आदिी है, और र्यह बहुत ही र्िशनटक है। इसकी कोई सिझ नहींहै।
िनुष्य वह है जो लबनट र्िश लकए उदटर व्यवहटर प्रदलर्शत नहीं कर सकतट। वह चटहतट है लक दुलनर्यट उसे
एक ऐसे आदिी क
े रूप िें देखे जो दू सरों की भिटई क
े बटरे िें बहुत ज्यटदट परवटह नहीं करतट है; बहुत
कि, दुभटशग्यपूणश। वह "िैन इन ब्लैक" है, क्ोंलक वह अपनट परोपकटर लछपटतट है। वह इसक
े लिए गौर
नहींकरनट चटहतट। वह है, िैन इन ब्लैक।
10. Summary in Marathi
“िॅन इन ब्लॅक”हट ऑलिव्हर गोल्डलिथ लनबंध हट उदटहरणटचे उत्क
ृ ष् प्रदर्शन आहे. र्यट लनबंधटत िेखक
अर्ट एकट िटणसटलवषर्यी चचटश करतो जो त्यटच्यट सेवटभटवी क
ृ त्यटबद्दि पश्चटत्तटप करतो. िटणूस स्पष्
परोपकटरी आहे, परंतु त्यटबद्दि त्यटिट िटज वटटते. गोल्डलिथ िटगश दटखवतटत आलण उदटहरणे देतटत की,
“तो एकटटच िटणूस आहे ज्यटिट िटलहत होते की त्यटच्यट नैसलगशक परोपकटरटबद्दि त्यटिट िटज वटटिी.”
िटणूस सेवटभटवी िटणूस आहे. तो इतरटंची कटळजी घेतो, दुसर्र्यटंनट देतो, आलण इतरटंसह सटिटलर्यक
करतो, परंतु तो इतरटंच्यट चटंगल्यट गोष्ीची कटळजी घेत नसल्यटचे ढोंग करतो. त्यटिट “त्यटच्यट नैसलगशक
परोपकटरटची िटज वटटते.” तो िटनवजटतीिट आवडत नटही अर्ी बतटवणी करीत असतटनटही तो
भटसवण्यटिध्ये फटरसट चटंगिट नटही. िेखक प्रकट करतो की त्यटचट लनलवशकटर चेहरट बरटच नटही. "... त्यटचे
स्वरूप दर्यटळू झटिे असतटनटच, िी त्यटिट अत्यंत अवटस्तव लनसगटशची भटषट वटपरतटनट ऐकिे आहे."
“िॅन इन ब्लॅक” हट गरीबटंच्यट जटगी इतकट संबंध आहे की, गरीब िोकटंच्यट जगण्यटच्यट बटबतीत देर्वटसी
लक
ं वट श्रीिंत लकती अज्ञटनी आहेत र्यट िेखकटकडे तो तक्रटर करतो. ते म्हणतटत की गररबटंनट फि कटही
गोष्ी पटलहजे असतटत - अन्न, लनवटस, कपडे आलण उबदटर पण नर्ीबटंच्यट दुिशक्षटिुळे त्यट गोष्ी लिळू र्कत
नटहीत.
कटळ्यट रंगटचट िटणूस एकट लभकट-र्यटिट चटंदीचट तुकडट देतो, परंतु असे क
े ल्यटवर तो िेखकटंसिोर आपिी
किक
ु वतपणट दटखवण्यटसटठी “िज्जटस्पद” लदसिट; त्यट िटणसटिट किी नर्ीबवटनटंसटठी िऊ जटगट
दटखलवण्यटचट खूप अलभिटन आहे.
जेव्हट िटकडी पटर्य असिेल्यट िटणसटने िेखक आलण कटळ्यट िटणसटिट पटस क
े िे तेव्हट िेखकटने त्यटकडे
दुिशक्ष क
े िे. कटळ्यट िटणसटने त्यटच्यटकडे खूप िक्ष वेधिे, पण त्यटिट भीक देण्यटऐवजी, त्यटिट गरजूंचे
पोझेस म्हणून बोिटविे. इतरटंनी “घरी कटहीही क
े िे नटही” तर देर्टच्यट बचटवटसटठी िढट देण्यटची
खिटर्ीची कथट ऐकल्यटवर त्यट िटणसटने त्यटिट भीक लदिी.
कटळ्यट व्यिीने (Man in Black) आलण िेखकटने एकट बटईकडे धटव घेतिी जी असहटय्यतेचे स्पष्
उदटहरण होते, परंतु लतिट देण्यटस पैसे नव्हते. तो िज्जटस्पद झटिट, जेव्हट तो त्यटच्यट चेह in्
् र्यटवर सटदर
क
े िट गेिट, परंतु एकदट त्यटिट एक “लर्लिंगची लक
ं ित” सटपडिी आलण ती ती लतच्यट हटतटत ठे विी, तेव्हट
त्यट बटईच्यट चेह in्
् र्यटवरचट हटस्य पटहून तो स्वतःिट खूष झटिट. िॅन इन ब्लॅक हट अज्ञटत िटणूस,
परोपकटरी िनुष्य आहे आलण त्यटबद्दि ती िज्जटस्पद आहे. कट ते सिजिे नटही.
िटणूस अर्ी आहे जो िक्तज्जत न होतट उदटर वटगणूक दर्शवू र्कत नटही. जगटने त्यटिट अर्ट िटणसटच्यट
रूपटत पहटवे अर्ी इच्छट आहे ज्यटिट इतरटंच्यट कल्यटणटची फटरर्ी कटळजी नसते; दुदैवटने. तो “िॅन इन
ब्लॅक” आहे, कटरण तो आपिट परोपकटर िपलवतो. त्यटिट त्यटची दखि घ्यटर्यची नटही. तो िॅन इन ब्लॅक
आहे.
11. Comprehension:
Answer the following questions in 150 to 200 words.
1. The Man in Black is a man of contradiction. Explain
OR What contradiction do you find in the character of the Man in Black
OR Sketch the character of the Man in Black
Ans.:
The essay ‘The Man in Black’ is written by Oliver Goldsmith. It is a mockery of the then
contemporary society. He attacks the social and political situation that dominated during
Anglo-Saxon period in England. It is that Man in Black appearing as something that he in fact
is not.
Goldsmith describes the Man in Black as a kind, sympathetic, and genial person with a
compassionate heart. Outwardly, he seems unkind, looking like a rude, curt, and stern person.
This is in contrast with his inner personality. Goldsmith discourages these stereotype aspects
of male dominance in this essay. He wants to suggest that the trend of being ‘what you are
not’ should not be encouraged.
The man is a charitable man. He cares about others, gives to others, and shares with
others, but he pretends to not care about the well-being of others. He is “ashamed of
his natural benevolence.” While he pretends to have a disliking for mankind, he’s not
very good at pretending to be.
The “Man in Black” is so concerned with the place of the poor, that he complains to
the author of how ignorant the countrymen, or wealthy, are to the state of living of the
poorer people. He says that the poor only want a few things – food, housing, clothes,
and warmth but cannot obtain those things due to the negligence of the fortunate.
The man in black gives a beggar a piece of silver, but when doing so, he appeared
“ashamed” to present his weakness to the author. When a man with a wooden leg
passed the author and the man in black, the author ignored him. The man in black
showed much attention to him, but instead of giving him alms, he called him out to be
a poser of the needy. But once hearing the sailor’s story the man gave alms to him.
The man in black meet a helpless woman. But he has no money to help her. He
becomes shameful. But when he gives a “shilling’s worth of matches”, he becomes
happy. Thus the man in black hide his benevolence. He cannot show his generous
behaviour.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
2. What are the man in black’s views on beggars?
3. What was the man in black’s initial attitude towards the sailor?
4. How did the man in black react to the woman in distress?
Ans.: ( See summary)
…………