Rudyard Kipling delivers a speech to university students in which he warns against pursuing wealth for wealth's sake alone. He advocates acquiring enough wealth to fulfill life's needs with one hand while keeping the other hand free for one's true work. Kipling also discusses the depression experienced by youth and encourages focusing on issues beyond oneself to overcome dark periods.
This document contains 31 multiple choice questions about the play "Tughlaq" by Girish Karnad. The questions test knowledge of characters, plot points, historical facts and themes in the play. Some of the characters addressed are Sultan Muhammad bin Tughlaq, Aziz, Vishnu Prasad, Ain-ul-Mulk, and Shaikh Imam-ud-din. Events covered include Tughlaq's shifting of the capital from Delhi to Daulatabad and a revolt led by Shaikh Imam-ud-din against the Sultan. Historical details concern the 14th century time period of Tughlaq's rule in India and places within India like Deccan, Delhi
The essay describes Richard Steele's Trumpet Club, a group that met regularly in the evenings. The club originally had 15 members but had dwindled to 5, including Sir Jeoffrey Notch, the oldest member who chaired the meetings. Major Matchlock was next oldest and recounted his experiences in the Civil Wars. Honest old Dick Reptile also attended with his silent nephew. The members passed the time recounting old stories and jokes. Steele found the conversations a relaxing way to prepare for sleep, though he felt talking grew more trivial with age and thought experience should be used to benefit others.
The novel originated in the 14th century from Italian novellas and was influenced by ancient Greek and Roman stories and medieval romances. It developed as a popular genre in the 18th century with works like Robinson Crusoe and Pamela. Major 19th century novelists like the Brontës, Dickens, Eliot, and Hardy established conventions of complex plots, character development, and social commentary. The Victorian era saw the rise of the novel as a dominant literary form. In the 20th century, modernist novels experimented with narrative techniques and addressed wider themes. Key features of the novel include telling a story through prose narrative of extended length with fictional characters and events.
Rudyard Kipling delivers a speech to university students in which he warns against pursuing wealth for wealth's sake alone. He advocates acquiring enough wealth to fulfill life's needs with one hand while keeping the other hand free for one's true work. Kipling also discusses the depression experienced by youth and encourages focusing on issues beyond oneself to overcome dark periods.
This document contains 31 multiple choice questions about the play "Tughlaq" by Girish Karnad. The questions test knowledge of characters, plot points, historical facts and themes in the play. Some of the characters addressed are Sultan Muhammad bin Tughlaq, Aziz, Vishnu Prasad, Ain-ul-Mulk, and Shaikh Imam-ud-din. Events covered include Tughlaq's shifting of the capital from Delhi to Daulatabad and a revolt led by Shaikh Imam-ud-din against the Sultan. Historical details concern the 14th century time period of Tughlaq's rule in India and places within India like Deccan, Delhi
The essay describes Richard Steele's Trumpet Club, a group that met regularly in the evenings. The club originally had 15 members but had dwindled to 5, including Sir Jeoffrey Notch, the oldest member who chaired the meetings. Major Matchlock was next oldest and recounted his experiences in the Civil Wars. Honest old Dick Reptile also attended with his silent nephew. The members passed the time recounting old stories and jokes. Steele found the conversations a relaxing way to prepare for sleep, though he felt talking grew more trivial with age and thought experience should be used to benefit others.
The novel originated in the 14th century from Italian novellas and was influenced by ancient Greek and Roman stories and medieval romances. It developed as a popular genre in the 18th century with works like Robinson Crusoe and Pamela. Major 19th century novelists like the Brontës, Dickens, Eliot, and Hardy established conventions of complex plots, character development, and social commentary. The Victorian era saw the rise of the novel as a dominant literary form. In the 20th century, modernist novels experimented with narrative techniques and addressed wider themes. Key features of the novel include telling a story through prose narrative of extended length with fictional characters and events.
The passage discusses the picaresque novel and the sentimental novel. It provides the following key points:
1. The picaresque novel originated in 16th century Spain and became popular in the 17th-18th centuries. It features a traveling hero who has a series of adventures and misfortunes. Notable examples include Tobias Smollett's The Adventures of Roderick Random and Henry Fielding's Tom Jones.
2. The sentimental novel was popular in the 18th century and focused on emotional responses and scenes of suffering/tenderness rather than action. Examples include Samuel Richardson's Pamela and Oliver Goldsmith's The Vicar of Wakefield.
3. Both genres contributed
The document discusses the origin and features of the essay form. It states that Michel de Montaigne is considered the father of the modern essay, as he first used the term "essais" to describe this type of informal writing. While essays vary in style and length, they are generally defined as brief compositions in prose on a particular subject. Key features of essays include limiting their scope, giving a sense of completeness despite covering only part of a subject, and having unlimited subject matter. The document then provides brief biographies of several influential English essayists like Charles Lamb, William Hazlitt, Thomas Carlyle, Thomas Love Peacock, and Thomas de Quincey.
The document is an excerpt from an essay by Oliver Goldsmith describing a "Man in Black" he knows. Though the man outwardly acts harsh and miserly, criticizing beggars and claiming not to give to charity, his true nature is revealed through actions showing great compassion. When beggars approach asking for help, the man is unable to refuse and secretly gives them money, though maintaining his facade of ill-nature. The essay explores the contradictions between his outward personality and private acts of generosity.
This document contains 25 multiple choice questions about the short story "The Homecoming" by Rabindranath Tagore. The questions test comprehension of details about the main character Phatik, such as that he was the leader of the boys in his village and annoyed his friend Makhan. It also contains questions about Tagore's biography and the themes of homesickness in the story.
The document contains 39 multiple choice questions about the short story "The Thief" by Ruskin Bond. The questions test the reader's comprehension of the plot, which involves a thief named Deepak who takes a job working for a trusting young man named Arun. Deepak plans to rob Arun but changes his mind after growing fond of him. The questions cover details about the characters, their relationship, and the events that unfold such as Deepak briefly stealing money from Arun but returning it after feeling guilty.
The document is about the importance of water and its role in sustaining life on Earth. It discusses how water is the real "elixir of life" and describes India's dependence on water resources like rainfall and rain-fed tanks for agriculture. It also talks about how civilizations in India and Egypt were created and sustained by major river systems and their deposits of fertile soils. Proper management of water resources through practices like forestation and harnessing of water is described as important for preventing soil erosion and sustaining life.
- Indira Gandhi was the first female Prime Minister of India, serving three terms from 1966 to 1977. She was the daughter of India's first Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru.
- In a 1972 speech to the UN Conference on the Human Environment in Stockholm, Sweden, Gandhi emphasized the need for development that improves people's lives and the environment. She noted that poverty is the greatest polluter and environmental protection requires addressing poverty.
- While acknowledging India's role in environmental degradation, Gandhi argued that wealthy countries consume far more resources per capita and their development is largely responsible for global pollution problems. Ending reckless exploitation of resources and prioritizing people over profits are needed for a sustainable future
The speech summarizes Nehru's speech on Indian independence delivered on August 14th, 1947 at midnight. In it, Nehru speaks about India's past struggles for independence and looks forward to India's future as a prosperous and progressive nation. He says India has redeemed its tryst with destiny and will awake to life and freedom at midnight. Nehru pledges dedication to serving India and humanity. He ends the period of ill fortune and sees this as an opportunity for greater achievements. Nehru encourages Indians to work hard to fulfill their dreams and responsibilities of ending poverty, inequality, and more.
Where the Mind is Without Fear MCQS.pptxJKhamankar
This document contains 20 multiple choice questions about the poem "Where the Mind is Without Fear" by Rabindranath Tagore. The questions test understanding of the poem's themes of freedom from fear and superstition, breaking down of domestic walls that divide society, and the search for ever-widening thought and action unhindered by habits of the past. The document provides the questions and four possible answers for each one. It does not include the answers. The questions are attributed to Dr. G. N. Khamankar and are meant to assess understanding of Tagore's famous poem.
This document provides 17 multiple choice questions and explanations about the Lord Byron poem "She Walks in Beauty". The questions cover various literary devices used in the poem like metaphor, personification, and alliteration. They also ask about structural elements like rhyme scheme and enjambment. Additionally, the questions probe the poem's description of the woman's beauty and character, as well as background context about the poem's author and time period.
How Wealth Accumulates and Men Decayby G.pdfJKhamankar
G.B. Shaw's essay "How Wealth Accumulates and Men Decay" critiques capitalism. It shows how workers no longer have control over what they produce. Shaw argues that capitalism has left society in a state of "idiocy" - in the pursuit of profit, human values have been eroded. He uses the examples of pin making and wool garment production to show how the system has progressed beyond our knowledge and control. Under capitalism, capable men have been turned into machines working unintelligently to generate wealth for capitalists. Shaw believes this has led to a decline in intelligence and innovation, with machinery replacing humans and promoting universal ignorance.
Sundar Pichai is the CEO of Google. He was born in 1972 in Tamil Nadu, India and studied metallurgical engineering at IIT Kharagpur before earning advanced degrees from Stanford and Wharton. He has held several leadership roles at Google overseeing major products like Chrome, Android, Gmail and Google Drive. As CEO, he has led Google's expansion into artificial intelligence. Pichai is regarded as a brilliant leader who has helped Google remain innovative through revolutionary ideas.
Muhammad Yunus is a Bangladeshi economist and banker who was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for founding the Grameen Bank and pioneering microcredit and microfinance concepts. Some of his key accomplishments include establishing Grameen Bank in 1983, which provides small loans to millions of poor people in Bangladesh, especially women. He developed the concept of microcredit to provide credit to the poor and help them establish self-employment projects. Yunus' work has significantly reduced poverty levels in Bangladesh and inspired similar microcredit programs in other countries. He has received numerous honors for his contributions, including the Nobel Peace Prize in 2006.
The speaker is feeling depressed and outcast due to misfortune and being viewed unfavorably by others. He curses his fate and envies those who seem happier or have more opportunities. However, thinking of his beloved lifts his mood, like a lark rising joyfully at dawn. Remembering his fair lord's sweet love brings him such happiness that he would not trade places even with kings.
The passage discusses the picaresque novel and the sentimental novel. It provides the following key points:
1. The picaresque novel originated in 16th century Spain and became popular in the 17th-18th centuries. It features a traveling hero who has a series of adventures and misfortunes. Notable examples include Tobias Smollett's The Adventures of Roderick Random and Henry Fielding's Tom Jones.
2. The sentimental novel was popular in the 18th century and focused on emotional responses and scenes of suffering/tenderness rather than action. Examples include Samuel Richardson's Pamela and Oliver Goldsmith's The Vicar of Wakefield.
3. Both genres contributed
The document discusses the origin and features of the essay form. It states that Michel de Montaigne is considered the father of the modern essay, as he first used the term "essais" to describe this type of informal writing. While essays vary in style and length, they are generally defined as brief compositions in prose on a particular subject. Key features of essays include limiting their scope, giving a sense of completeness despite covering only part of a subject, and having unlimited subject matter. The document then provides brief biographies of several influential English essayists like Charles Lamb, William Hazlitt, Thomas Carlyle, Thomas Love Peacock, and Thomas de Quincey.
The document is an excerpt from an essay by Oliver Goldsmith describing a "Man in Black" he knows. Though the man outwardly acts harsh and miserly, criticizing beggars and claiming not to give to charity, his true nature is revealed through actions showing great compassion. When beggars approach asking for help, the man is unable to refuse and secretly gives them money, though maintaining his facade of ill-nature. The essay explores the contradictions between his outward personality and private acts of generosity.
This document contains 25 multiple choice questions about the short story "The Homecoming" by Rabindranath Tagore. The questions test comprehension of details about the main character Phatik, such as that he was the leader of the boys in his village and annoyed his friend Makhan. It also contains questions about Tagore's biography and the themes of homesickness in the story.
The document contains 39 multiple choice questions about the short story "The Thief" by Ruskin Bond. The questions test the reader's comprehension of the plot, which involves a thief named Deepak who takes a job working for a trusting young man named Arun. Deepak plans to rob Arun but changes his mind after growing fond of him. The questions cover details about the characters, their relationship, and the events that unfold such as Deepak briefly stealing money from Arun but returning it after feeling guilty.
The document is about the importance of water and its role in sustaining life on Earth. It discusses how water is the real "elixir of life" and describes India's dependence on water resources like rainfall and rain-fed tanks for agriculture. It also talks about how civilizations in India and Egypt were created and sustained by major river systems and their deposits of fertile soils. Proper management of water resources through practices like forestation and harnessing of water is described as important for preventing soil erosion and sustaining life.
- Indira Gandhi was the first female Prime Minister of India, serving three terms from 1966 to 1977. She was the daughter of India's first Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru.
- In a 1972 speech to the UN Conference on the Human Environment in Stockholm, Sweden, Gandhi emphasized the need for development that improves people's lives and the environment. She noted that poverty is the greatest polluter and environmental protection requires addressing poverty.
- While acknowledging India's role in environmental degradation, Gandhi argued that wealthy countries consume far more resources per capita and their development is largely responsible for global pollution problems. Ending reckless exploitation of resources and prioritizing people over profits are needed for a sustainable future
The speech summarizes Nehru's speech on Indian independence delivered on August 14th, 1947 at midnight. In it, Nehru speaks about India's past struggles for independence and looks forward to India's future as a prosperous and progressive nation. He says India has redeemed its tryst with destiny and will awake to life and freedom at midnight. Nehru pledges dedication to serving India and humanity. He ends the period of ill fortune and sees this as an opportunity for greater achievements. Nehru encourages Indians to work hard to fulfill their dreams and responsibilities of ending poverty, inequality, and more.
Where the Mind is Without Fear MCQS.pptxJKhamankar
This document contains 20 multiple choice questions about the poem "Where the Mind is Without Fear" by Rabindranath Tagore. The questions test understanding of the poem's themes of freedom from fear and superstition, breaking down of domestic walls that divide society, and the search for ever-widening thought and action unhindered by habits of the past. The document provides the questions and four possible answers for each one. It does not include the answers. The questions are attributed to Dr. G. N. Khamankar and are meant to assess understanding of Tagore's famous poem.
This document provides 17 multiple choice questions and explanations about the Lord Byron poem "She Walks in Beauty". The questions cover various literary devices used in the poem like metaphor, personification, and alliteration. They also ask about structural elements like rhyme scheme and enjambment. Additionally, the questions probe the poem's description of the woman's beauty and character, as well as background context about the poem's author and time period.
How Wealth Accumulates and Men Decayby G.pdfJKhamankar
G.B. Shaw's essay "How Wealth Accumulates and Men Decay" critiques capitalism. It shows how workers no longer have control over what they produce. Shaw argues that capitalism has left society in a state of "idiocy" - in the pursuit of profit, human values have been eroded. He uses the examples of pin making and wool garment production to show how the system has progressed beyond our knowledge and control. Under capitalism, capable men have been turned into machines working unintelligently to generate wealth for capitalists. Shaw believes this has led to a decline in intelligence and innovation, with machinery replacing humans and promoting universal ignorance.
Sundar Pichai is the CEO of Google. He was born in 1972 in Tamil Nadu, India and studied metallurgical engineering at IIT Kharagpur before earning advanced degrees from Stanford and Wharton. He has held several leadership roles at Google overseeing major products like Chrome, Android, Gmail and Google Drive. As CEO, he has led Google's expansion into artificial intelligence. Pichai is regarded as a brilliant leader who has helped Google remain innovative through revolutionary ideas.
Muhammad Yunus is a Bangladeshi economist and banker who was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for founding the Grameen Bank and pioneering microcredit and microfinance concepts. Some of his key accomplishments include establishing Grameen Bank in 1983, which provides small loans to millions of poor people in Bangladesh, especially women. He developed the concept of microcredit to provide credit to the poor and help them establish self-employment projects. Yunus' work has significantly reduced poverty levels in Bangladesh and inspired similar microcredit programs in other countries. He has received numerous honors for his contributions, including the Nobel Peace Prize in 2006.
The speaker is feeling depressed and outcast due to misfortune and being viewed unfavorably by others. He curses his fate and envies those who seem happier or have more opportunities. However, thinking of his beloved lifts his mood, like a lark rising joyfully at dawn. Remembering his fair lord's sweet love brings him such happiness that he would not trade places even with kings.
5. 1.To A Skylark
By P. B. Shelley
Long Answer Question (LAQ)
1. Que. Give the central idea of the poem To A Skylark
Or
Critically appreciate the poem To A Skylark
Ans:
'To a Skylark' is a beautiful romantic poem of P. B. Shelley. In this poem
Shelley has addressed a skylark (a little bird) that soars up at a great
height and sings so sweetly that the world is enchanted by its sweetness.
The Skylark symbolizes high imagination, eternal happiness and
harbinger of peace and progress. It is a spirit. Though it is unseen, yet it
pours forth profuse sweetness. The Skylark’s sweet note spread
everywhere in the atmosphere. It is heard by the poet who is highly
impressed. He boldly claims that the Skylark is a superior thing in the sky.
The cloud, the stars, the moon, the sun – all are left behind and the Skylark
dominates by its excellent tune and soothing voice.
The poet himself does not know what the Skylark actually is. The mystery
of the Skylark is still unsolved to the poet. But he is sure of the fact that
he can learn a message of welfare from it and can spread in the world for
recreation of the society. The poet had drawn beautiful comparison.
He has compared the beauty and sweetness of the Skylark to a highly
born beautiful girl who lives in her tower and sings sweet love songs.
Similarly, its comparison with a golden glow-worm among the flowers and
grass and with rose having soothing scent is excellent and befitting. The
poet says that even the rainbow clouds do not spread as bright
drops as the presence of the Skylark spreads a rain of melody.
In short the music of the Skylark surpasses every pleasure of nature. The
poet wishes to get instruction and messages from the Skylark. So he asks
it to teach him its sweet thoughts. The poet is confident that the skylark is
pouring out a flood of rapture which is divine.
This poem is one of the best lyrics of P. B. Shelley. It has a tragic feeling
in it. The line, “Our sweetest songs are those that tell of saddest thought”
is very meaningful. It tells the philosophy of Shelley’s life. Though the
10. Que. Bring out the central idea of the poem “The Unknown Citizen”
Or Give the substance of the poem “The Unknown Citizen”
Ans.
The Unknown Citizen is a satirical poem by W.H. Auden. In this poem Auden has very
aptly described the life of a modern man.
The unknown citizen described in the poem is known by its number not by name. He
worked in a factory Fudge Motors Inc., and he was never rebuked or dismissed from
job. He always won praise for his sincerity. Social psychology workers found that, he
was popular with his friends and liked a drink. The poet says he was a Saint.
Like any other man in the modern age he read a newspaper every day. He reacted
to the advertisements in the normal way. He had all the things supposed to be
necessary for modern living, like a car, a radio, a phonograph and a refrigerator. During
peace time he advocated the cause of peace, and when war broke out, he went to the
front like many others. He added five children to the population - a number supposed
to be the right for a parent of his generation. As a student he was very docile and never
questioned his teachers on any issue.
In the end of the poem, the poet asks a question. The question is - if the man was free
and happy. But the answer is negative. The poet wants to say that he cannot be
happy. The modern man of today has no individuality, no conscience of his own. He
has no rights and freedoms. He has only duties and responsibility. He condition is like
that of Unknown soldiers died in battle field. Thus, the poem shows the condition of
modern man in the age of science and technology.
Short Answer Questions (5 Marks)
1. Why does W. H. Auden ask the question ‘was he happy’?
2. What does W. H. Auden say about the Unknown Citizen?
द अननोन सससिझन ही डब्ल् यू.एच.ची उपहासात्मक कसवता आहे. ऑडेन. या कसवतेत
ऑडनने आधुसनक माणसाच्या जीवनाचे असतशय समपपक वणपन क
े ले आहे.
कसवतेत वणपन क
े ले ला अज्ञात नागररक नावाने नव्हे तर त्याच्या संख्येने ओळखला जातो. त्याने
फज मोिसप इंक. या कारखान्यात काम क
े ले आसण त्याला कधीही फिकारले नाही सक
ं वा
नोकरीतून काढ
ू न िाकले गेले नाही. त्याच्या प्रामासणकपणाबद्दल त्याने नेहमीच कौतुक क
े ले .
11. सामासजक मानसशास्त्र कमपचार्
यांना असे आढळू न आले की, तो त्याच्या समत्ांमध्ये लोकसप्रय
होता आसण त्याला पेय आवडले . कवी म्हणतो तो संत होता.
आधुसनक युगातील इतर माणसांप्रमाणे तोही रोज एक वतपमानपत् वाचतो. त्यांनी
जासहरातींवर सामान्य पद्धतीने प्रसतसिया सदली. कार, रेसडओ, फोनोग्राफ आसण रेसिजरेिर
यांसारख्या आधुसनक जीवनासाठी आवश्यक असले ल् या सवप गोष्टी त्याच्याकडे होत्या. शांततेच्या
काळात त्यांनी शांततेचे समर्पन क
े ले आसण जेव्हा युद्ध सुरू झाले तेव्हा ते इतर अनेकांप्रमाणे
आघाडीवर गेले . त्याने लोकसंख्येमध्ये पाच मुले जोडली - ही संख्या त्याच्या सपढीतील
पालकांसाठी योग्य असावी. एक सवद्यार्ी म्हणून ते असतशय सवनम्र होते आसण त्यांनी कधीही
सशक्षकांना कोणत्याही सवषयावर सवचारले नाही.
कसवतेच्या शेविी कवी एक प्रश्न सवचारतो. प्रश्न आहे - जर माणूस मुक्त आसण आनंदी
होता. पण उत्तर नकारार्ी आहे. तो आनंदी राहू शकत नाही असे कवीला म्हणायचे आहे.
आजच्या आधुसनक माणसाला व्यक्तक्तमत्व नाही, स्वतःचा सववेक नाही. त्याला कोणतेही असधकार
आसण स्वातंत्र्य नाही. त्याच्याकडे फक्त कतपव्ये आसण जबाबदारी आहे. रणांगणात शहीद
झाले ल् या अज्ञात सैसनकांसारखी त्याची अवस्र्ा झाली आहे. अशा प्रकारे, कसवता सवज्ञान आसण
तंत्ज्ञानाच्या युगात आधुसनक माणसाची क्तस्र्ती दशपवते.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
3.Night Of The Scorpion
By Nissim Ezekiel
I remember the night my mother
was stung by a scorpion. Ten hours
of steady rain had driven him
to crawl beneath a sack of rice.
Parting with his poison - flash
of diabolic tail in the dark room -
he risked the rain again.
12. The peasants came like swarms of flies
and buzzed the name of God a hundred times
to paralyse the Evil One.
With candles and with lanterns
throwing giant scorpion shadows
on the mud-baked walls
they searched for him: he was not found.
They clicked their tongues.
With every movement that the scorpion made his poison moved in Mother's
blood, they said.
May he sit still, they said
May the sins of your previous birth
be burned away tonight, they said.
May your suffering decrease
the misfortunes of your next birth, they said.
May the sum of all evil
balanced in this unreal world
against the sum of good
become diminished by your pain.
May the poison purify your flesh
of desire, and your spirit of ambition,
they said, and they sat around
on the floor with my mother in the centre,
the peace of understanding on each face.
More candles, more lanterns, more neighbours,
more insects, and the endless rain.
My mother twisted through and through,
groaning on a mat.
My father, sceptic, rationalist,
trying every curse and blessing,
powder, mixture, herb and hybrid.
He even poured a little paraffin
13. upon the bitten toe and put a match to it.
I watched the flame feeding on my mother.
I watched the holy man perform his rites to tame the poison with an
incantation.
After twenty hours
it lost its sting.
My mother only said
Thank God the scorpion picked on me
And spared my children.
Summary
The poet remembers the dark rainy night when his mother was
stung by a scorpion. It was raining heavily, a scorpion had taken
shelter, under a sack of rice. When the poet’s mother went to get
rice from the granary, the scorpion bit her and disappeared into the
rain.
The neighboring peasants came in large numbers with candles and
lanterns. They chanted the name of God to paralyze the evil one,
they wanted to stop the scorpion from moving. They believed the
effect of the poison would increase with the movement of the
scorpion. They wanted to kill it, but it wasn’t found anywhere.
The poet’s mother was in great pain. The people prayed that all the
sins of her previous birth be burnt. They believed the world to be
unreal and wanted the pain to absolve all her sins, and decrease the
sufferings of the next birth also. More and more people walked in.
The poet’s mother continued to suffer and was in great pain.
The villagers were superstitious, but the poet’s father was a
disbeliever, he doubted everything especially the claims of religion.
He was a rational person, his views were based on reason and logic.
He tried every powder, mixture, herb, and amalgam of herbs and
prayers. He poured a little paraffin upon the bitten toe and put a
match to it.
The poet watched the flame feeding on his mother, he also watched
the holy man trying to control the effect of poison with words in
prayer or magic and performed his rites. After twenty hours the
14. sting was lost, the poison became powerless and the mother
recovered. She forgot all her sufferings and her pain. She thanked
God, and was grateful that the scorpion had spared her children.
सारांश
कवीला त्या काळोख्या पावसाळी रात्ीची आठवण होते जेव्हा
त्याच्या आईला सवंचूने दंश क
े ला होता. मुसळधार पाऊस
पडत होता, एका सवंचूने तांदळाच्या पोत्याखाली आसरा घेतला
होता. कवीची आई जेव्हा धान्याच्या गोठ्यातून भात आणायला
गेली तेव्हा सतला सवंचवाने चावा घेतला आसण पावसात गायब
झालl.
शेजारचे शेतकरी मेणबत्त्या आसण क
ं दील घेऊन मोठ्या
संख्येने आले होते. त्यांनी दुष्टाला पक्षाघात करण्यासाठी
देवाच्या नावाचा जप क
े ला, त्यांना सवंचू हलण्यापासून
र्ांबवायचा होता. त्यांना सवश्वास होता की सवंचूच्या
हालचालीमुळे सवषाचा प्रभाव वाढेल. त्यांना तो मारायचा
होता, पण तो क
ु ठे च सापडला नाही.
कवीच्या आईला खूप वेदना होत होत्या. लोकांनी प्रार्पना
क
े ली की सतच्या मागील जन्माची सवप पापे जाळू न िाकावीत.
ते जग अवास्तव मानत होते आसण वेदनांनी सतच्या सवप
पापांची मुक्तता व्हावी आसण पुढच्या जन्मातील दुःख कमी
व्हावे अशी त्यांची इच्छा होती. असधकासधक लोक आत गेले .
कवीच्या आईला सतत त्ास होत होता आसण खूप वेदना होत
होत्या.
गावकरी अंधश्रद्धाळू होते, परंतु कवीचे वडील असवश्वासू होते,
त्यांना प्रत्येक गोष्टीवर सवशेषत: धमापच्या दाव्यांवर शंका
होती. ते एक तक
प शुद्ध व्यक्ती होते, त्यांची मते तक
प आसण
तकापवर आधाररत होती. त्याने प्रत्येक पावडर, समश्रण, औषधी
15. वनस्पती आसण औषधी वनस्पती आसण प्रार्पना यांचे समश्रण
करून पासहले . त्याने चावले ल् या पायाच्या बोिावर र्ोडेसे
पॅरासफन ओतले आसण त्याला एक माच सदली.
कवीने ज्वाला आपल् या आईला खाऊ घालताना पासहली, त्याने
पसवत् मनुष्याला प्रार्पना सक
ं वा जादू च्या शब्ांनी सवषाचा प्रभाव
सनयंसत्त करण्याचा प्रयत्न क
े ला आसण त्याचे संस्कार क
े ले .
वीस तासांनंतर डंक हरवला, सवष शक्तीहीन झाले आसण आई
बरी झाली. सतचे सवप दु:ख ती सवसरली. सतने देवाचे आभार
मानले आसण सवंचवाने आपल् या मुलांना वाचवले याबद्दल
क
ृ तज्ञ होती.
Que. Give the summary of the poem Night of the Scorpion
Ans.
‘Night of the Scorpion’ is a famous poem written by a well-known poet Nissim
Ezekiel. In this poem, the poet depicts the selfless love of a mother who is stung
by a scorpion.
The poet remembers the night on which his mother was stung by a scorpion.
The poet says that the incident is still fresh in his memory. He says that it was a
rainy season when a scorpion stung his mother. The scorpion hide under a bag of
rice.
According to the poet, the scorpion did not want to bite her but he did it in fear.
After hearing the incident villagers came there with lanterns in their hands to help
the lady. According to the villagers, the poison will spread in her body with the
movement of the scorpion. The poison spreads rapidly in the body of her mother.
The villagers are superstitious. They believe that the pain of a lady is the
punishment of her sins done in the previous birth. Some other villagers say that
it may reduce the pain of her next birth in advance. Some villagers have an
opinion that the poison will purify her blood from worldly desires. Thus many
villagers came to help her but none could reduce her pain. They came to show
their sympathy for the lady.
The poet says that the villagers had applied their home remedies and
other methods to cure her mother. But all were useless. Now his father was trying
to cure her mother. His father was not a superstitious person. He tries to cure his
mother with some medicines. For it, he applies different types of powder and
16. mixture on her toe. He also uses many types of herbs to reduce her pain. He also
uses paraffin on her toe to reduce her pain but all efforts prove ineffective. All
treatment given by his father proves useless. At last, after twenty hours of pain,
she gets well. She shows her love to her children and says thanks to God because
the scorpion did not sting her children in place of her.
Thus the poem shows the superstitious belief of villagers. It creates a sensuous
word picture around the readers. The poet narrates the whole incident
impressively. The language of the poem is very simple. The poem is written in a
narrative style. The poem passes a satire on the superstitious villagers. At last, we
can say that the poem is the masterpiece of the poet.
‘नाइि ऑफ द स्कॉसपपयन’ ही सुप्रससद्ध कवी सनससम इझेकील यांनी सलसहले ली प्रससद्ध
कसवता आहे. या कसवतेत सवंचवाने दंश झाले ल् या आईचे सनस्वार्प प्रेम कवीने रेखािले आहे.
कवीला ती रात् आठवते ज्या सदवशी त्याच्या आईला सवंचूने दंश क
े ला होता. ती घिना
आजही त्यांच्या स्मरणात ताजी असल् याचे कवी सांगतात. तो म्हणतो की तो पावसाळा होता
जेव्हा त्याच्या आईला सवंचवाने दंश क
े ला. सवंचू तांदळाच्या पोत्याखाली लपतो.
कवीच्या म्हणण्यानुसार, सवंचू सतला चावायचा नव्हता पण त्याने घाबरून ते क
े ले . ही घिना
समजल् यानंतर गावकरी हातात क
ं दील घेऊन मसहले च्या मदतीसाठी तेर्े आले . सवंचूच्या
हालचालीने सतच्या शरीरात सवष पसरेल, असे गावकरयांचे म्हणणे आहे. सतच्या आईच्या
शरीरात सवष झपाट्याने पसरते. गावकरी अंधश्रद्धाळू आहेत. ते मानतात की स्त्रीच्या वेदना
ही सतच्या मागील जन्मी क
े ले ल् या पापांची सशक्षा आहे. इतर काही गावकरी सांगतात की
त्यामुळे सतच्या पुढच्या जन्माचा त्ास आधीच कमी होऊ शकतो. काही ग्रामस्र्ांचे मत आहे
की सवष सतचे रक्त सांसाररक इच्छांपासून शुद्ध करेल. त्यामुळे अनेक गावकरी सतच्या
मदतीला आले पण कोणीही सतची वेदना कमी करू शकले नाही. ते त्या बाईबद्दल
सहानुभूती दाखवायला आले होते.
सतच्या आईला बरे करण्यासाठी गावकरयांनी घरगुती उपचार आसण इतर पद्धती वापरल् याचं
कवी सांगतात. पण सवप व्यर्प होते. आता त्याचे वडील आईला बरे करण्याचा प्रयत्न करत
होते. त्यांचे वडील अंधश्रद्धाळू नव्हते. तो आपल् या आईला काही औषधांनी बरा करण्याचा
प्रयत्न करतो. त्यासाठी तो सतच्या पायाच्या बोिावर वेगवेगळ्या प्रकारची पावडर आसण समश्रण
लावतो. सतच्या वेदना कमी करण्यासाठी तो अनेक प्रकारच्या औषधी वनस्पतींचा वापर
करतो. सतच्या वेदना कमी करण्यासाठी तो सतच्या पायाच्या बोिावर पॅरासफन देखील वापरतो
17. परंतु सवप प्रयत्न सनष्फळ ठरतात. वसडलांनी सदले ले सवप उपचार सनरुपयोगी ठरतात. अखेर
वीस तासांच्या वेदनांनंतर ती बरी झाली. ती सतच्या मुलांवर सतचे प्रेम दाखवते आसण देवाचे
आभार मानते कारण सवंचवाने सतच्या जागी सतच्या मुलांना डंक सदला नाही.
अशा प्रकारे ही कसवता गावकरयांची अंधश्रद्धा दाखवते. त्यातून वाचकांभोवती एक कामुक
शब्सचत् सनमापण होते. कवीने संपूणप घिना प्रभावीपणे मांडली आहे. कसवतेची भाषा
असतशय सोपी आहे. कसवता वणपनात्मक शैलीत सलसहली आहे. ही कसवता अंधश्रद्धाळू
गावकरयांवर व्यंग मांडते. शेविी, आपण म्हणू शकतो की कसवता ही कवीची उत्क
ृ ष्ट नमुना
आहे.