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The Life Cycle

Brittany Robisnon
Childhood Development
• There are 8 stages of life
• Each stage is defined by a developmental task:
  events that need to happen in order for a
  person to continue growing toward becoming
  a healthy, mature adult
  – If one stage is not completed it can be made up at
    another stage
4 Stages of Infancy and Childhood
• Infancy: birth-1year
• Task: develop trust
• the period of fastest growth
  – Height by 50%
  – Weight may triple
4 Stages of Infancy and Childhood
• Early Childhood: 1-3 years
• Task: to develop ability to do tasks themselves
• Child develops sense of autonomy: the
  confidence that a person can control his or her
  own body, impulses, and environment
• Overprotection may cause child to lack sense
  of autonomy
4 Stages of Infancy and Childhood
• Middle Childhood: 4-6 years
• Task: to develop responsibility, take
  initiative, to create one’s own play
• Ask many questions, learn to express and read
  emotion, be creative in developing something
• Impatient parents may cause their child to
  have a low self-esteem
4 Stages of Infancy and Childhood
• Late Childhood: 7-12 years
• Task: to develop an interest in performing
  activities
• Develop a conscience, learn appropriate social
  roles, and get along with peers
Adolescence
• The period from childhood to adulthood
• Puberty: the time when a person begins to
  develop certain traits of adults of his or her
  own gender; the beginning of adolescence
  – Occurs sometime between the ages of 12-18;
    determined mainly by heredity
Adolescence
• Puberty
  – Develop sex characteristics: traits related to a
    person’s gender
  – Secondary sex characteristics:
     • Female: breasts, hips widen, waistline narrows
     • Males: facial hair appears, voice deepens, shoulders
       broaden, muscle develops
Adolescence
• Developmental Tasks:
  – Establish emotional and psychological
    independence
  – Develop a personal sense of identity
  – Adopt a personal value system
  – Establish adult vocational goals
  – Develop control over your behavior
Moving Toward Adulthood
• Physical maturity: the state at which the
  physical body and all its organs are fully
  developed
• Emotional maturity: state at which the mental
  and emotional capabilities of an individual are
  fully developed
The Stages of Adulthood
• Young Adulthood: 19-40 years
• Task: to develop close personal relationships
• Four major focuses:
  – Personal independence
  – Occupational choices
  – Intimate relationships
  – Contributions to society
Personal Independence
• Self-actualization: developing one’s
  capabilities to the fullest
• Move from parent support to friend support
  to self-sufficient
Occupational Choices
• Influences may include:
  – Part-time job
  – Role model
  – Amount of education towards a certain
    occupation
Intimate Relationships
• Emotional Intimacy: ability to experience a
  caring, loving relationship with another
  person whom you can share your innermost
  feeling
• Romantic relationships, marriage
  ABSTAIN!!!!!
Contributing to Society
• Developing political views
• Developing religious views
• Taking part in community programs
Marriage
• Commitment: a promise or pledge that a
  couple makes to one another
• Marital adjustments: how well a person
  adjusts to his or her spouse
  – Good Communication: need to share feelings and
    express concerns; demonstrating affection
  – Emotional Maturity: understand their partners
    needs and can compromise
  – Similar Values and Interests: spending more time
    together strengthes the relationship
Resolving Conflicts
• Can reduce conflicts by having good
  communication and conflict resolution skills
• Possible Conflicts:
  –   Difference in spending habits
  –   Conflicting loyalties involving family and friends
  –   Lack of communication
  –   Lack of intimacy
  –   Jealousy, infidelity, lack of attention
  –   Decisions about children
  –   Abusive tendencies

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The life cycle

  • 2. Childhood Development • There are 8 stages of life • Each stage is defined by a developmental task: events that need to happen in order for a person to continue growing toward becoming a healthy, mature adult – If one stage is not completed it can be made up at another stage
  • 3. 4 Stages of Infancy and Childhood • Infancy: birth-1year • Task: develop trust • the period of fastest growth – Height by 50% – Weight may triple
  • 4. 4 Stages of Infancy and Childhood • Early Childhood: 1-3 years • Task: to develop ability to do tasks themselves • Child develops sense of autonomy: the confidence that a person can control his or her own body, impulses, and environment • Overprotection may cause child to lack sense of autonomy
  • 5. 4 Stages of Infancy and Childhood • Middle Childhood: 4-6 years • Task: to develop responsibility, take initiative, to create one’s own play • Ask many questions, learn to express and read emotion, be creative in developing something • Impatient parents may cause their child to have a low self-esteem
  • 6. 4 Stages of Infancy and Childhood • Late Childhood: 7-12 years • Task: to develop an interest in performing activities • Develop a conscience, learn appropriate social roles, and get along with peers
  • 7. Adolescence • The period from childhood to adulthood • Puberty: the time when a person begins to develop certain traits of adults of his or her own gender; the beginning of adolescence – Occurs sometime between the ages of 12-18; determined mainly by heredity
  • 8. Adolescence • Puberty – Develop sex characteristics: traits related to a person’s gender – Secondary sex characteristics: • Female: breasts, hips widen, waistline narrows • Males: facial hair appears, voice deepens, shoulders broaden, muscle develops
  • 9. Adolescence • Developmental Tasks: – Establish emotional and psychological independence – Develop a personal sense of identity – Adopt a personal value system – Establish adult vocational goals – Develop control over your behavior
  • 10. Moving Toward Adulthood • Physical maturity: the state at which the physical body and all its organs are fully developed • Emotional maturity: state at which the mental and emotional capabilities of an individual are fully developed
  • 11. The Stages of Adulthood • Young Adulthood: 19-40 years • Task: to develop close personal relationships • Four major focuses: – Personal independence – Occupational choices – Intimate relationships – Contributions to society
  • 12. Personal Independence • Self-actualization: developing one’s capabilities to the fullest • Move from parent support to friend support to self-sufficient
  • 13. Occupational Choices • Influences may include: – Part-time job – Role model – Amount of education towards a certain occupation
  • 14. Intimate Relationships • Emotional Intimacy: ability to experience a caring, loving relationship with another person whom you can share your innermost feeling • Romantic relationships, marriage ABSTAIN!!!!!
  • 15. Contributing to Society • Developing political views • Developing religious views • Taking part in community programs
  • 16. Marriage • Commitment: a promise or pledge that a couple makes to one another • Marital adjustments: how well a person adjusts to his or her spouse – Good Communication: need to share feelings and express concerns; demonstrating affection – Emotional Maturity: understand their partners needs and can compromise – Similar Values and Interests: spending more time together strengthes the relationship
  • 17. Resolving Conflicts • Can reduce conflicts by having good communication and conflict resolution skills • Possible Conflicts: – Difference in spending habits – Conflicting loyalties involving family and friends – Lack of communication – Lack of intimacy – Jealousy, infidelity, lack of attention – Decisions about children – Abusive tendencies