The Internet of Things (IoT) will have an impact on almost all industries, but it will have the greatest impact on the manufacturing industry. In fact, the Internet of Things has the potential to transform traditional linear systems into dynamic interconnected systems, and maybe the biggest driving force for the transformation of factories and other facilities.

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The IoT In The 5G Era of Industry 4.0
The Internet of Things (IoT) will have an impact on almost all industries, but it will have the
greatest impact on the manufacturing industry. In fact, the Internet of Things has the potential to
transform traditional linear systems into dynamic interconnected systems, and maybe the biggest
driving force for the transformation of factories and other facilities.
Like other industries, the Internet of Things in the manufacturing industry and the Industrial
Internet of Things (IIoT) strive to be realized through wireless connections and technologies that
support it. Today, the Internet of Things relies on low power consumption and long-distance, and
the narrowband (NB) standard solves this problem.
NB connectivity can support many IoT use cases, including event detectors, smart trash cans, and
smart metering. Industrial applications include asset tracking, logistics tracking, machine
monitoring, etc.
But as 5G connections continue to be built nationwide, a whole new level of speed, efficiency,
and performance will help unlock new IoT use cases.
5G will be used for higher data rate transmission and ultra-low latency requirements. In fact, a
2020 report by Bloor Research pointed out that the future of 5G, edge computing, and the
Internet of Things are key drivers of Industry 4.0.
For example, according to a report by MarketsandMarkets, the IIoT market is expected to grow
from US$68.8 billion in 2019 to US$98.2 billion in 2024. What are the main factors that are
expected to drive the IIoT market? More advanced semiconductors and electronic equipment, as

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well as more use of cloud computing platforms-both of which will be driven by the 5G era.
On the other hand, according to a report by BloorResearch, if there is no 5G, there will be a huge
network gap in the realization of Industry 4.0-not only in providing connections for billions of IoT
devices, but also in terms of transmitting and processing the massive amount of data that will be
generated.
The challenge is not just bandwidth. Different IoT systems will have different network
requirements. Some devices will require absolute reliability, where low latency is essential, while
other use cases will see that the network must cope with a higher density of connected devices
than we have seen before.
For example, in a production plant, a simple sensor might one day collect and store data and
communicate with a gateway device that contains the application logic. In other cases, IoT sensor
data may need to be collected in real-time from sensors, RFID tags, tracking devices, and even
larger mobile phones through the 5G protocol.
In a word: the future 5G network will help realize a large number of IoT and IIoT use cases and
benefits in the manufacturing industry. Looking ahead, don’t be surprised if you see these five
use cases shift with the introduction of powerful, reliable connections and compatible devices in
the multi-spectrum 5G network currently under construction.
Visibility of production assets
Through IoT/IIoT, manufacturers can connect production equipment and other machines, tools,
and assets in factories and warehouses, providing managers and engineers with more visibility
into production operations and any issues that may arise.
Asset tracking is a key function of the Internet of Things. It can easily locate and monitor the key
components of production facilities. Coming soon, the company will be able to use smart sensors
to automatically track the movement of parts during the assembly process. By connecting the
tools used by the operators to any machine used in production, the plant manager can obtain a
real-time view of the production output.
Manufacturers can take advantage of these higher levels of visibility in the factory to quickly
identify and resolve bottlenecks through the use of data generated by dashboards and the latest
Internet of Things to help achieve faster and higher-quality production.
Predictive maintenance
Ensuring plant equipment and other assets are in good working condition is the manufacturer's
top priority. Failure can cause serious delays in production, which in turn can lead to serious
losses in unexpected equipment repairs or replacements and customer dissatisfaction due to
delays or even cancellation of orders. Keeping the machine running can significantly reduce
operating costs and make the production process smoother.
By deploying wireless sensors on machines throughout the factory and then connecting these
sensors to the Internet, managers can find out when a device starts to fail before it actually fails.
Emerging IoT systems supported by wireless technology can sense warning signals in equipment
and send the data to maintenance personnel so that they can proactively repair the equipment,
thereby avoiding major delays and costs. In addition, manufacturers can also benefit from it, such
as a potentially safer factory environment and longer equipment life.

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Improve product quality
Imagine that during the entire manufacturing cycle, sending high-quality critical condition data
through environmental sensors to continuously monitor products can help manufacturers
produce better quality products.
When the quality threshold is reached or conditions such as air temperature or humidity are not
suitable for the production of food or medicine, the sensor can alert the workshop supervisor.
Supply chain management and optimization
For manufacturers, the supply chain is becoming more and more complex, especially when they
begin to expand their business globally. The emerging Internet of Things enables companies to
monitor events throughout the supply chain, providing access to real-time data by tracking assets
such as trucks, containers, and even individual products.
Manufacturers can use sensors to track and monitor inventory as they move from one location to
another in the supply chain. This includes the transportation of supplies needed to produce the
product, as well as the delivery of finished products. Manufacturers can increase their visibility
into product inventory to provide more accurate material availability and schedules for shipping
products to customers. Analysis of data can also help companies improve logistics by identifying
problem areas.
Digital twin
The advent of the Internet of Things will make it possible for manufacturers to create digital
twins—virtual copies of physical devices or products that manufacturers can use to run
simulations before actually building and deploying the devices. Due to the continuous flow of
real-time data provided by the Internet of Things, manufacturers can create a digital twin of
basically any type of product, which will enable them to find defects faster and predict results
more accurately.
This may lead to higher quality products and also reduce costs because the products do not have
to be recalled once they are shipped. The data collected from the digital copies allows managers
to analyze how the system works under various conditions on-site.
With a series of potential applications, each of these five potential use cases can revolutionize
manufacturing. In order to realize the full promise of Industry 4.0, technology leaders in the
manufacturing industry need to understand the key challenges that the Internet of Things will
bring and how the future of 5G will respond to these challenges.