Khilnani’s monumental thesis on India, ‘The Idea of India’ was published in 1997. Khilnani’s book is focused on India as an idea on different stages of history. Khilnani writes that the India known to us is the result of various ideas prevailing at particular times, and he claims to trace the history of this idea from pre-independence and Nehruvian nationalism to the neo-liberal state of 1990s. The ideological formation of India undergoes a major transformation in the 1990s as the country’s political elite rapidly turns away from the socialist past to embrace neo-liberal capitalism. So, this book is the result of present historical and material conditions of the time. Khilnani provides the bridge between the nationalist and socialist ideological formation of India on the one hand and the later neo-liberal capitalist formations on the other. The Book “The Idea of India” is divided into four Sections/Chapters. The fourth Chapter is titled: "Who is an Indian?"